胡宏“致知”和“自反”的道德修养论

胡宏“致知”和“自反”的道德修养论是他伦理思想的实施系统。“致知”意在说明道德人格不能自发形成,有赖于道德认识和道德意识的培养和提高,“自反”意在说明人的道德品性必须经过自觉的磨练,在道德矛盾运动中经受考验。

乔治·索罗斯的“自反性”理论给我们的启示

我国原有经济体制的严重弊端之一就是政企不分，导致企业外无压力，内无动力，没有活力。因此，经济体制改革的重要内容之一就是政企分开。但这种政企分开是对政企不分的积极的扬弃。正如世界著名金融家、投资家乔治·索罗斯所说，调控和竞争被推向极端时都可能是有害的。...

何谓“自反性”现代化?——贝克、吉登斯、拉什的“自反性”现代化思想辨析

贝克、吉登斯、拉什的"自反性"现代化思想为理解当代西方危机提供了一条理论路径。贝克把"自反性"定义为自我对抗,认为西方社会自我创造出了风险社会与政治对抗,构想通过亚政治联盟"圆桌会议"走出危机。吉登斯视"自反性"为传统的消解,从而寄希望于信任专家系统进入后传统社会。拉什则更加关注普通大众,提出"自反性"应该放在日常生活情境下理解的思路,倡导回归社群以解决个体归属问题。辨析三者思想,既有助于深刻洞察当代西方危机的逻辑所在,也可清醒地看到"自反性"现代化思想的局限为何。

Mechano-chemical sulfidization of zinc oxide by grinding with sulfur and reductive additives

A novel process for sulfidation of ZnO by co-grinding with sulfur and reductive additives （P, Fe, A1, and Mg） was developed. The sulfidation extent of ZnO with the addition of P, Fe, A1 or Mg can reach 85.2%, 81.6%, 96.7% and 92.6% after grinding for 4, 6, 1 and 1 h, respectively. Based on the chemical phase composition analysis and morphological characteristics of sulfidized products by XRD, SEM and TEM, a possible reaction mechanism, mechanically induced self-propagating reaction （MSR）, was proposed to explain the sulfidization reaction. In addition, the floatability of sulfidized products was investigated for the recovery of metal sulfide and ZnS can be concentrated with a high concentration ratio and concentrate grade. By using the sulfidizing process, it is expected that the recovery of zinc from the wastes or purification of heavy-metal-containing hazardous residues is technically feasible.

Dual Semimodules and Relflexive Semimodules

In this paper, we definde the dual semimodule and reflexive semimodule in the category of semimodules and completely generalize the results of dual modules and reflexive modules to the dual semimodules and reflexive semimodules.

Multilayered Ti-Al intermetallic sheets fabricated by cold rolling and annealing of titanium and aluminum foils

Multilayered Ti-Al based intermetallic sheets were fabricated by sintering alternately layered titanium and aluminum foils.The microstructure and phase formation of the obtained sheets under different sintering conditions were evaluated by various techniques.The results reveal that when the sintering temperature is above the melting point of aluminum,the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis reaction occurs between Ti and Al,and forms various phases of Ti-based solid solutions including α-Ti Ti3Al,TiAl,TiAl2 and α-Ti including TiAl3,etc.When the sintering time increased,Ti-based solid solution,TiAl2 and TiAl3 disappeared gradually,and the sheet containing Ti3Al and TiAl phases in a multilayered structure formed finally.A lot of voids were also observed in the sintered structures,which were caused by the melting Al,Kirkendall effect and the difference of molar volumes between reactants and products.The voids were eliminated and a dense sample was obtained by the following hot press.

Photosynthetic induction responses of Pinus koraiensis seedlings grown in different light environments

The time processes of photosynthetic induction responses to various irradiances in Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) seedlings grown in open-light environments and in understory of forest were studied in an area near the Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystems, Jilin Province, China from July 15 to August 5, 1997. The results showed that at 200 靘olm-2s-1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and 500 靘olm-2s-1 PPFD, the induction time for the photosynthetic rates of understory-grown seedlings to reach 50% and 90% steady-state net photosynthetic rates was longer than that of the open-grown seedlings. The induction responses of open-growth seedlings at 500 靘olm-2s-1 PPFD were slower than those at 200 靘olm-2s-1 PPFD, but it was the very reverse for understory-growth seedlings, which indicates that the photosynthetic induction times of Korean pine seedlings grown in the understory depended on the sunfleck intensity.

Novel disturbance compensating dynamic positioning of dredgers based on adaptive backstepping

In order to deal with the dynamic positioning system control problems of dredgers working under strong dredging reaction or harsh environments,an adaptive backstepping method is proposed.Disturbances are estimated and compensated for by the adaptive method without extra sensors on dredging equipment,and the control mechanism is simplified.Adaptive control is used to compensate for the reaction and environmental disturbances on the dredger,so the dredger can maintain the desired position with a minimum error and shock.The proposed adaptive robust controller guarantees the global asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system and rapid position tracking of the dredger.The simulation results show that the proposed controller has superior performance in position tracking and robustness to large disturbances.

Effect of NiAl content on phases and microstructures of TiC-TiB_2-NiAl composites fabricated by reaction synthesis

TiC-TiB2-NiAl composites were fabricated by self-propagating high temperature reaction synthesis（SHS） with Ti, B4C, Ni and Al powders as raw materials. The effects of NiAl content on phase constituents and microstructures were investigated. The results show that the reaction products are composed of TiB2, TiC and NiAl. The content of NiAl increases with the adding of Ni＋Al in green compacts. TiB2, TiC and NiAl grains present in different shapes in the matrix, TiB2 being in hexagonal or rectangular shapes, TiC in spherical shapes, and NiAl squeezed into the gaps of TiC and TiB2 grains. With the increase of NiAl content, the grains of TiC-TiB2-NiAl composites are refined, their density and compressive strength are improved, and the shapes of TiC grains become spherical instead of irregular ones. Finally, the fracture mechanism of the composites transforms from intergranular fracture mode to the compounded fracture mode of intergranular fracture and transgranular fracture.

TR-ESR Investigation on Reaction of Vitamin C with Excited Triplet of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone in Reversed Micelle Solutions

Time-resolved electron spin resonance has been used to study quenching reactions between the antioxidant Vitamin C （VC） and the triplet excited states of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone （PAQ） in ethylene glycol-water （EG-H2O） homogeneous and inhomogeneous reversed micelle solutions. Reversed micelle solutions were used to be the models of physiological environment of biological cell and tissue. In PAQ/EG-H2O homogeneous solution, the excited triplet of PAQ （3PAQ＊） abstracts hydrogen atom from solvent EG. In PAQ/VC/EG-H2O solution, 3pAQ＊ abstracts hydrogen atom not only from solvent EG but also from VC. The quenching rate constant of 3pAQ＊ by VC is close to the diffusion-controlled value of 1.41 × 108 L/（mol.s）. In hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide （CTAB）/EG-H2O and aerosol OT （AOT）/EG- H2O reversed micelle solutions, 3pAQ＊ and VC react around the water-oil interface of the reversed micelle. Exit of 3pAQ＊ from the lipid phase slows down the quenching reaction. For Triton X-100 （TX-100）/EG-H2O reversed micelle solution, PAQ and VC coexist inside the hydrophilic polyethylene glycol core, and the quenching rate constant of 3pAQ＊ by VC is larger than those in AOT/EG-H2O and CTAB/EG-H2O reversed micelle solutions, even a little larger than that in EG-H2O homogeneous solution. The strong emissive chemically induced dynamic electron polarization of As＇- resulted from the effective TM spin polarization transfer in hydrogen abstraction of 3pAQ＊ from VC.

Rapid synthesis of Ti(C,N) powders by mechanical alloying and subsequent arc discharging

Ti（C,N） powders were synthesized by mechanical alloying （MA） from a mixture of pure titanium and graphite under a nitrogen atmosphere in a planetary mill.Effects of arc discharging on phase transformation and microstructure of MA powders milled for 1-7 h were explored.The results show that Ti（C,N） powders were prepared after mechanical milling for 1 h and subsequent arc discharge treatment,whereas the synthesis reaction did not occur in 7 h by mechanical milling alone.The ions produced during arc discharging interacted with powder particles and accelerated the diffusion of atoms and the nucleation on the surface of the as-milled powder,which results in fast synthesis of Ti（C,N） powders.The formation mechanisms of the two synthesis processes are self-propagating reactive synthesis.

Mechanism of mechanical activation for spontaneous combustion of sulfide minerals

In order to uncover the intrinsic reasons for spontaneous combustion of sulfide minerals,representative samples were collected from typical metal mines to carry out the mechanical activation experiment.The structures and heat behaviors of activated samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,X-ray diffraction（XRD） analysis,and simultaneous thermal analysis（STA）.It is found that the sulfide minerals after mechanical activation show many changes with increased specific surface areas,aggregation phenomenon,decreased diffraction peak intensity,broadened diffraction peak,declined initial temperatures of heat release and self-ignition points.A new theory for explaining the spontaneous combustion of sulfide minerals is put forward：the chemical reaction activity of sulfide minerals is heightened by all kinds of mechanical forces during the mining,and the spontaneous combustion takes place finally under proper environment.

P-Convexity of Orlicz Spaces

In this paper, Orlicz space endowed with Orlicz norm are discussed. We discovered that P-convexity, O-convextiy, Q-convexity, superreflexirity and teflexivity are equivalent.

Theoretical Study of Antiferrodistortive Phase Transition in Strontium Titanate

At 105 K, strontium titanate is known to undergo an antiferrodistortive transition transform-ing from cubic to tetragonal structure as a result of the rotation of the oxygen octahedral around a cubic axe. Based on the Curie principle, the order parameter is determined to be a third-order complete symmetry polarization tensor. To take into account of quantum effects,the dielectric permittivity is measured from Landau free energy, and the Curie Weiss-type behavior is analyzed. From crystallization chemistry viewpoint, the dielectric behavior at low temperature is connected to small radius of Sr^2＋, which is much easier to move around the oxygen octahedral than Ba^2＋ in BaTiO3 or Pb^2＋ in PbTiO3.

LOCAL CHAOS CHARACTERISTICS IN A SELF ASPIRATED REVERSED FLOW JET LOOP REACTOR

The local chaos characteristics of the time series pressure fluctuations of gas liquid two phase flow in a self aspirated reversed flow jet loop reactor are studied by the deterministic chaos analysis technique. It is found that the estimated local largest Lyapunov exponent is positive in all cases and the profile is similar to that of the local fractal dimension in this reactor. The positive largest Lyapunov exponent shows that the reactor is a nonlinear chaotic system. The obvious distribution indicates that the local nonlinear characteristic parameters such as the Lyapunov exponent and the fractal dimension could be applied to further study the flow characteristics such as the flow regine transitions and flow structures of the multi phase reactors.

LOCAL NONLINEAR CHARACTERISTICS OF GAS LIQUID SOLID THREE PHASE SELF ASPIRATED REVERSED FLOW JET LOOP REACTOR

Hursts rescaled range (R/S) analysis and Wolfs attractor reconstruction technique have been adopted to estimate the local fractal dimensions and the local largest Lyapunov exponents in terms of the time series pressure fluctuations obtained from a gas liquid solid three phase self aspirated reversed flow jet loop reactor,respectively.The results indicate that the local fractal dimensions and the local largest Lyapunov exponents in both the jet region and the tubular region inside the draft tube increase with the increase in the jet liquid flowrates and the solid loadings,the local fractal dimension profiles are similar to those of the largest Lyapunov exponent,the local largest lyapunov exponents are positive for all cases,and the flow behavior of such a reactor is chaotic.The local nonlinear characteristic parameters such as the local fractal dimension and the local largest Lyapunov exponent could be applied to further study the flow properties such as the flow regime transitions and flow structures of this three phase jet loop reactor.

A Novel Method of Nanocontact Fabrication for Andreev Reflection Measurement

A new method of nanocontact fabrication for Adreev reflection measurement based on the nanopore method using a SiN membrane with focused ion beam technique is presented. With this method, controllable, clean,tensionless nano-contacts for spin polarization probing can be obtained. Measurements of the fabricated samples show complicated spectral structures with a zero bias anomaly and dip structures from quasipartical interactions. A control sample of Co40Fe40B20 is measured with Nb tip method. None of the measured spectra can be explained satisfactorily by present theory. Further analysis of the contact interface and a more complete theory are needed to extract a reliable spin polarization message with the point contact Andreev reflection method.

Molecular mimicry in Helicobacter pylori infections

Gram-negative bacteria Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) colonize gastric mucosa in humans and increase the risk of serious diseases such as gastric and duodenal ulcers, stomach cancers and mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. The role of H. pylori infection in the pathogenesis of several extragastric diseases has been suggested including immune thrombocytopenic purpura, iron deficiency anemia, vitamin D deficiency, cardiovascular diseases,diabetes mellitus and dermatological disorders. Also neurological diseases and even lung cancer have attracted researchers concern. The relation between H. pylori infection and a growth retardation in children has also been suggested. Many mechanisms of molecular mimicry between H. pylori and the host have been proposed as a pathogen strategy to manipulate the immune system of the host in order to remain unrecognized and avoid eradication. A lot of effort has been put into the demonstration of homologous sequences between H. pylori and host compounds. However, knowledge about how often autoantibodies or autoreactive T lymphocytes induced during H. pylori infections cause pathological disorders is insufficient. This review provides data on H. pylori antigenic mimicry and possible deleterious effects due to the induction of immune response to the components common to these bacteria and the host.

An adaptive backstepping sliding mode method for flight attitude of quadrotor UAVs

To overcome nonlinear and 6-DOF(degrees of freedom)under-actuated problems for the attitude and position of quadrotor UAVs,an adaptive backstepping sliding mode method for flight attitude of quadrotor UAVs is proposed,in which an adaptive law is designed to online estimate the parameter variations and the upper bound of external disturbances and the assessments is utilized to compensate the backstepping sliding mode control.In addition,the tracking error of the design method is shown to asymptotically converge to zero by using Lyapunov theory.Finally,based on the numerical simulation of quadrotor UAVs using the setting parameters,the results show that the proposed control approach can stabilize the attitude and has hover flight capabilities under the parameter perturbations and external disturbances.

Inversion of self-potential anomalies caused by simple polarized bodies based on particle swarm optimization

Prticle swarm optimization(PSO)is adopted to invert the self-potential anomalies of simple geometry.Taking the vertical semi-infinite cylinder model as an example,the model parameters are first inverted using standard particle swarm optimization(SPSO),and then the searching behavior of the particle swarm is discussed and the change of the particles’distribution during the iteration process is studied.The existence of different particle behaviors enables the particle swarm to explore the searching space more comprehensively,thus PSO achieves remarkable results in the inversion of SP anomalies.Finally,six improved PSOs aiming at improving the inversion accuracy and the convergence speed by changing the update of particle positions,inertia weights and learning factors are introduced for the inversion of the cylinder model,and the effectiveness of these algorithms is verified by numerical experiments.The inversion results show that these improved PSOs successfully give the model parameters which are very close to the theoretical value,and simultaneously provide guidance when determining which strategy is suitable for the inversion of the regular polarized bodies and similar geophysical problems.