Objective： Some animal models apply morphine in the drinking water to generate addiction, but related reports are not free of conflicting results. Accordingly, this study aimed to figure out if chronic consumption of...Objective： Some animal models apply morphine in the drinking water to generate addiction, but related reports are not free of conflicting results. Accordingly, this study aimed to figure out if chronic consumption of morphine in the drinking water can induce morphine addiction in Wistar rats. Methods： For 3 weeks, the animals received a daily morphine dose of 35 mg/kg by offering a calculated volume of sugar water （5% sucrose） with morphine （0. l mg/ml） to each rat; animals receiving just sugar water served as controls. Immediately after the treatment phase, the tail immersion test was used to check for morphine tolerance, and all animals were then kept on tap water for one week （withdrawal phase）. Afterwards, all rats were allowed to choose their drinking source by offering two bottles, containing sugar water without and with morphine, simultaneously for two days （preference phase）. Results： While the chronic consumption of morphine led to a reduction in body weight and to morphine tolerance, the morphine-treated Wistar rats did not show any preference for the opiate-containing sugar water. Conclusion： Body weight loss and tolerance do not reveal a condition of drug craving, and current animal models should be re-evaluated regarding their potential to establish morphine addicted animals.展开更多
Utilizing arguments imbedded in the pragmatist and hermeneutic traditions, the conclusion emerges that genuinely understanding opposing points of view requires a penetrating and sustained questioning process that find...Utilizing arguments imbedded in the pragmatist and hermeneutic traditions, the conclusion emerges that genuinely understanding opposing points of view requires a penetrating and sustained questioning process that finds relief only when the justificatory background material of the other nibbles at the certainty of one＇s own position. The implications of the edict that one ought to question to hesitation are then explored, namely, that （1） it suggests what kind of questioning is the right kind of qteestioning, （2） it suggests a redefinition of what counts as ＂respect for persons,＂ and （3） it challenges the common assumption that the efficacy of communal inquiry is self-fulfilling and self-regulating, and suggests, by contrast, that facilitators ought to be far more prepared to engage in questioning to hesitation.展开更多
From the very beginning, auditing is pretty much a self-regulated follow in practice. But the plethora of recent corporate failures profession and has some ethical rules of thumb to and scandals where auditors＇ instr...From the very beginning, auditing is pretty much a self-regulated follow in practice. But the plethora of recent corporate failures profession and has some ethical rules of thumb to and scandals where auditors＇ instrumental role is evident in many instances raise question about the validity and suitability of ＂self-regulation＂ in auditing, especially in the 21st century where auditors need to perform auditing in ever complex risk management process. Moreover, to restore the market confidences within the auditing profession and to raise the overall audit quality, many countries are establishing some super regulatory bodies to oversee the functions of auditing and auditors. Based on the ＂documentary research methodology＂, the author examines whether ＂self-regulation＂ in auditing has completely failed in the 21 st century. The author reveals that ＂self-regulation＂ in auditing has not completely failed; rather, a joint approach is needed to raise the overall quality of auditing where there will be equilibrium between ＂self-regulation＂ and statutory directive.展开更多
Model for spoken is expected to overcome difficulties in teaching and learning Indonesian language for foreign speakers. Language anxiety is the anxiety that arises when a person learns foreign language. Foreign Langu...Model for spoken is expected to overcome difficulties in teaching and learning Indonesian language for foreign speakers. Language anxiety is the anxiety that arises when a person learns foreign language. Foreign Language Anxiety （anxiety to learn a foreign language） is of concern or negative emotional reactions that arise when studying or using foreign language. Self-regulated learning is an active and constructive process undertaken by learners in setting goals for their learning and trying to monitor, regulate, and control of cognition, motivation, and behavior, then everything is directed and driven by purpose and adapted to the context and environment. The research method used is an R and D （research and development） method with a sample of foreign speakers of Chinese. Variables that receive interference are the ability to speak in Indonesian, while the variables used to interfere with the self-regulated learning and language anxiety as a variable controller. Intrapersonal factors become barriers that cause stuttering speech limited due to the mastering subject content. On the basis of that, this speaking model applies the principle of self-regulated learning in the learning process, using a communicative and contextual approach. This model intended for foreign speakers who learn Indonesian language outside of Indonesia, so to bring the atmosphere mandated in sociolinguistic built through media and relevant teaching methods.展开更多
The study documents an intervention programme based on the Self-determination Theory of Deci and Ryan （2000） with school beginners in an Austrian primary school with the aim to improve perceived self-determination a...The study documents an intervention programme based on the Self-determination Theory of Deci and Ryan （2000） with school beginners in an Austrian primary school with the aim to improve perceived self-determination and academic self-regulation of school beginners. For two years, teachers were guided by a team of educational scientists to design challenging autonomous learning settings and to foster self-determined academic regulation. Before and after the intervention, about 100 pupils were questioned concerning their well-being in school, perceived autonomy support, their academic self-regulation, and school-related self-efficacy. Teachers＇ autonomy support decreased during the first year but remained stable from then on. Pupils＇ intrinsic regulation, as well as their introjected and external regulation and their self-efficacy, decreased throughout the intervention but identified regulation remained stable. The results indicate that perceived self-determination, self-determined academic regulation, and self-efficacy contribute to school-related well-being and offer interesting recommendations for improving the climate in schools for pupils and teachers.展开更多
Self-regulated learning （SRL） is one of the precious ways in teachers＇ professional development, and its operation level includes different factors. With studies abroad and our preliminary investigation as base, th...Self-regulated learning （SRL） is one of the precious ways in teachers＇ professional development, and its operation level includes different factors. With studies abroad and our preliminary investigation as base, this study developed a scale to test the factors SRL includes. According to the result of 905 teachers working in elementary school by exploratory factor analysis, the SRL for elementary teachers is consisted of its sociality （it included selecting leads and seeking for instructing）, its motivation（it included self-improvement and self-excelling）, its methods（it included strategy use and habitual behavior）, and its outcomes（it included extensive reading and teachers＇ professional development）. All the result indicated Teachers＇ SRL Scale had clear factor structure, good reliability and validity. It can be used to test the current operating situation of SRL for teachers working in elementary school.展开更多
This demonstration of concept applies diagnostic-prescriptive reading instruction, a methodology useo m omteu atd^u~ developmental education, toward improving reading comprehension and self-regulated comprehension str...This demonstration of concept applies diagnostic-prescriptive reading instruction, a methodology useo m omteu atd^u~ developmental education, toward improving reading comprehension and self-regulated comprehension strategy selection in Chinese postsecondary education. A single tutor, also the researcher, works closely with one Chinese university student to develop student-centered comprehension strategies that she can practice on her own. After a battery of formal and informal assessments and interviews, decoding and understanding deficiencies are identified, characterized, and discussed. Both the student and her tutor develop and execute a study plan, which was completed during the spring semester of 2010 at Sha＇anxi University of Science and Technology （SUST） in Xi＇an, People＇s Republic of China （PRC）. By focusing on the subject＇s primary decoding deficiency, spelling, and her primary understanding deficiency, lack of background knowledge, the subject and her reading tutor are able to strategically tackle five reading comprehension goals： （1） spelling; （2） phonemic awareness; （3） noticing structural and cohesive elements; （4） comparing argumentative and evaluative texts; and （5） analyzing expository texts in business and economics. A final discussion analyzes both qualitative and quantitative data, including unexpected discoveries such as the salience of cohesion in reading comprehension and the cultural biases of standardized reading assessments.展开更多
This paper presents the solution of regulating the wind rate automatically by means of fuzzy control technology and implementing it with PLC (programmable logical controller) under the circumstance of many influence f...This paper presents the solution of regulating the wind rate automatically by means of fuzzy control technology and implementing it with PLC (programmable logical controller) under the circumstance of many influence factors, which exists in the axial flow fans wind rate regulation system during the process of mine ventilation, and has difficulty in modifying the mathematic model to obtain the satisfied result by normal control ways. According to this analysis, the intelligent and analytic treatment of fuzzy controller has been made and fuzzy control scheme involving self regulation divisor and intelligent integral has been deeply proposed. Test result shows that this system based on the scheme above is obviously prior to others in its responsibility such as high speed, overshoot, control precision and robustness. The system furnishes the great reliability of mine working safety and fans running efficiency.展开更多
Paracrine pathway activities are being increasingly recognized as instrumental regulatory mechanisms of epithelial-stromal interactions that play important roles in physiological and pathological self-renewal of stem ...Paracrine pathway activities are being increasingly recognized as instrumental regulatory mechanisms of epithelial-stromal interactions that play important roles in physiological and pathological self-renewal of stem cells and in the initiation and maintenance of neoplastic tumor development.Stromal-specific Hedgehog(Hh)responses and epithelial-associated Wnt pathway activities have been recently appreciated as important factors in stem cell self-renewal and carcinogenesis.Furthermore,Hh and Wnt pathways frequently crosstalk with each other to regulate the growth of epithelial cells in a context-dependent manner.Because small molecule modulators of Hh and Wnt pathway activities are readily available,emerging roles of Hh-Wnt pathway crosstalk in epithelial-stromal interactions will shed light on the development of regenerative and anti-cancer medicines.展开更多
We renormalize the model of multiple Dirac delta potentials in two and three dimensions by regularizing it through the minimal extension of Heisenberg algebra. We show that the results are consistent with the other re...We renormalize the model of multiple Dirac delta potentials in two and three dimensions by regularizing it through the minimal extension of Heisenberg algebra. We show that the results are consistent with the other regularization schemes given in the literature.展开更多
The study investigated the effects of an intervention program on self-regulated learning designed for second language learners. One hundred and twenty participants who were sophomore English majors at a university in ...The study investigated the effects of an intervention program on self-regulated learning designed for second language learners. One hundred and twenty participants who were sophomore English majors at a university in China were randomly assigned to either the treatment or the control group. The intervention was composed of six weekly two-hour training sessions that focus on five main variables of self-regulatory processes： goal setting, self-efficacy, time and study environment management, language learning strategies, and attribution. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the intervention included mukiple outcome variables, which were grouped into three categories： students＇ motivational beliefs, students＇ strategy use, and students＇ academic performance. The results of the immediate training effects on goal setting, self-efficacy, attribution, time and study environment management, memory strategy, compensation strategy, metacognitive strategy and second language proficiency confirmed that academic self-regulation is a trainable student characteristic and self-regulation training can be used effectively in a second language classroom setting. The feature of the current study design allows for systematically examining and evaluating both motivational variables and learning strategies in the context of second language learning.展开更多
The essay analyzes in a sociological and political science perspective several key aspects of the global economic-financial crisis which have either been neglected or not sufficiently analyzed in most scientific and m...The essay analyzes in a sociological and political science perspective several key aspects of the global economic-financial crisis which have either been neglected or not sufficiently analyzed in most scientific and media accounts. It focuses on two basic aspects： a） the coguitive framework prevailing among U. S. corporate, governmental and intellectual elites, i.e. the neodiberal conception of the self-regulating market, which deeply influenced their behaviour both in the market and in the political arena and b ） the mechanisms of pressure politics and political lobbying in the US Congress that managed to influence key decisions concerning de-regulation policy, in so far as to weaken the existing systems of institutional controls and to prevent new rules for new financial products. The last section evaluates President Obama＇s economic strategy and regulation policy in the light of the two basic aspects analysed in the first two sections, i.e. the action of lobbies and the influence of mainstream neo-hberal economics. The aim of the essay is to integrate the economic literature with a sociological and political analysis in order to gain clearer knowledge of the complex mechanisms of the crisis, which in turn can contribute to identifying key obstacles in implementing pohcies aimed at enforcing new forms of regulation of global markets.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2003CB515402), and the Science and Technology Council of Zhejiang Province (No. 2005C23G2010166), China
文摘Objective： Some animal models apply morphine in the drinking water to generate addiction, but related reports are not free of conflicting results. Accordingly, this study aimed to figure out if chronic consumption of morphine in the drinking water can induce morphine addiction in Wistar rats. Methods： For 3 weeks, the animals received a daily morphine dose of 35 mg/kg by offering a calculated volume of sugar water （5% sucrose） with morphine （0. l mg/ml） to each rat; animals receiving just sugar water served as controls. Immediately after the treatment phase, the tail immersion test was used to check for morphine tolerance, and all animals were then kept on tap water for one week （withdrawal phase）. Afterwards, all rats were allowed to choose their drinking source by offering two bottles, containing sugar water without and with morphine, simultaneously for two days （preference phase）. Results： While the chronic consumption of morphine led to a reduction in body weight and to morphine tolerance, the morphine-treated Wistar rats did not show any preference for the opiate-containing sugar water. Conclusion： Body weight loss and tolerance do not reveal a condition of drug craving, and current animal models should be re-evaluated regarding their potential to establish morphine addicted animals.
文摘Utilizing arguments imbedded in the pragmatist and hermeneutic traditions, the conclusion emerges that genuinely understanding opposing points of view requires a penetrating and sustained questioning process that finds relief only when the justificatory background material of the other nibbles at the certainty of one＇s own position. The implications of the edict that one ought to question to hesitation are then explored, namely, that （1） it suggests what kind of questioning is the right kind of qteestioning, （2） it suggests a redefinition of what counts as ＂respect for persons,＂ and （3） it challenges the common assumption that the efficacy of communal inquiry is self-fulfilling and self-regulating, and suggests, by contrast, that facilitators ought to be far more prepared to engage in questioning to hesitation.
文摘From the very beginning, auditing is pretty much a self-regulated follow in practice. But the plethora of recent corporate failures profession and has some ethical rules of thumb to and scandals where auditors＇ instrumental role is evident in many instances raise question about the validity and suitability of ＂self-regulation＂ in auditing, especially in the 21st century where auditors need to perform auditing in ever complex risk management process. Moreover, to restore the market confidences within the auditing profession and to raise the overall audit quality, many countries are establishing some super regulatory bodies to oversee the functions of auditing and auditors. Based on the ＂documentary research methodology＂, the author examines whether ＂self-regulation＂ in auditing has completely failed in the 21 st century. The author reveals that ＂self-regulation＂ in auditing has not completely failed; rather, a joint approach is needed to raise the overall quality of auditing where there will be equilibrium between ＂self-regulation＂ and statutory directive.
文摘Model for spoken is expected to overcome difficulties in teaching and learning Indonesian language for foreign speakers. Language anxiety is the anxiety that arises when a person learns foreign language. Foreign Language Anxiety （anxiety to learn a foreign language） is of concern or negative emotional reactions that arise when studying or using foreign language. Self-regulated learning is an active and constructive process undertaken by learners in setting goals for their learning and trying to monitor, regulate, and control of cognition, motivation, and behavior, then everything is directed and driven by purpose and adapted to the context and environment. The research method used is an R and D （research and development） method with a sample of foreign speakers of Chinese. Variables that receive interference are the ability to speak in Indonesian, while the variables used to interfere with the self-regulated learning and language anxiety as a variable controller. Intrapersonal factors become barriers that cause stuttering speech limited due to the mastering subject content. On the basis of that, this speaking model applies the principle of self-regulated learning in the learning process, using a communicative and contextual approach. This model intended for foreign speakers who learn Indonesian language outside of Indonesia, so to bring the atmosphere mandated in sociolinguistic built through media and relevant teaching methods.
文摘The study documents an intervention programme based on the Self-determination Theory of Deci and Ryan （2000） with school beginners in an Austrian primary school with the aim to improve perceived self-determination and academic self-regulation of school beginners. For two years, teachers were guided by a team of educational scientists to design challenging autonomous learning settings and to foster self-determined academic regulation. Before and after the intervention, about 100 pupils were questioned concerning their well-being in school, perceived autonomy support, their academic self-regulation, and school-related self-efficacy. Teachers＇ autonomy support decreased during the first year but remained stable from then on. Pupils＇ intrinsic regulation, as well as their introjected and external regulation and their self-efficacy, decreased throughout the intervention but identified regulation remained stable. The results indicate that perceived self-determination, self-determined academic regulation, and self-efficacy contribute to school-related well-being and offer interesting recommendations for improving the climate in schools for pupils and teachers.
文摘Self-regulated learning （SRL） is one of the precious ways in teachers＇ professional development, and its operation level includes different factors. With studies abroad and our preliminary investigation as base, this study developed a scale to test the factors SRL includes. According to the result of 905 teachers working in elementary school by exploratory factor analysis, the SRL for elementary teachers is consisted of its sociality （it included selecting leads and seeking for instructing）, its motivation（it included self-improvement and self-excelling）, its methods（it included strategy use and habitual behavior）, and its outcomes（it included extensive reading and teachers＇ professional development）. All the result indicated Teachers＇ SRL Scale had clear factor structure, good reliability and validity. It can be used to test the current operating situation of SRL for teachers working in elementary school.
文摘This demonstration of concept applies diagnostic-prescriptive reading instruction, a methodology useo m omteu atd^u~ developmental education, toward improving reading comprehension and self-regulated comprehension strategy selection in Chinese postsecondary education. A single tutor, also the researcher, works closely with one Chinese university student to develop student-centered comprehension strategies that she can practice on her own. After a battery of formal and informal assessments and interviews, decoding and understanding deficiencies are identified, characterized, and discussed. Both the student and her tutor develop and execute a study plan, which was completed during the spring semester of 2010 at Sha＇anxi University of Science and Technology （SUST） in Xi＇an, People＇s Republic of China （PRC）. By focusing on the subject＇s primary decoding deficiency, spelling, and her primary understanding deficiency, lack of background knowledge, the subject and her reading tutor are able to strategically tackle five reading comprehension goals： （1） spelling; （2） phonemic awareness; （3） noticing structural and cohesive elements; （4） comparing argumentative and evaluative texts; and （5） analyzing expository texts in business and economics. A final discussion analyzes both qualitative and quantitative data, including unexpected discoveries such as the salience of cohesion in reading comprehension and the cultural biases of standardized reading assessments.
文摘This paper presents the solution of regulating the wind rate automatically by means of fuzzy control technology and implementing it with PLC (programmable logical controller) under the circumstance of many influence factors, which exists in the axial flow fans wind rate regulation system during the process of mine ventilation, and has difficulty in modifying the mathematic model to obtain the satisfied result by normal control ways. According to this analysis, the intelligent and analytic treatment of fuzzy controller has been made and fuzzy control scheme involving self regulation divisor and intelligent integral has been deeply proposed. Test result shows that this system based on the scheme above is obviously prior to others in its responsibility such as high speed, overshoot, control precision and robustness. The system furnishes the great reliability of mine working safety and fans running efficiency.
文摘Paracrine pathway activities are being increasingly recognized as instrumental regulatory mechanisms of epithelial-stromal interactions that play important roles in physiological and pathological self-renewal of stem cells and in the initiation and maintenance of neoplastic tumor development.Stromal-specific Hedgehog(Hh)responses and epithelial-associated Wnt pathway activities have been recently appreciated as important factors in stem cell self-renewal and carcinogenesis.Furthermore,Hh and Wnt pathways frequently crosstalk with each other to regulate the growth of epithelial cells in a context-dependent manner.Because small molecule modulators of Hh and Wnt pathway activities are readily available,emerging roles of Hh-Wnt pathway crosstalk in epithelial-stromal interactions will shed light on the development of regenerative and anti-cancer medicines.
文摘We renormalize the model of multiple Dirac delta potentials in two and three dimensions by regularizing it through the minimal extension of Heisenberg algebra. We show that the results are consistent with the other regularization schemes given in the literature.
文摘The study investigated the effects of an intervention program on self-regulated learning designed for second language learners. One hundred and twenty participants who were sophomore English majors at a university in China were randomly assigned to either the treatment or the control group. The intervention was composed of six weekly two-hour training sessions that focus on five main variables of self-regulatory processes： goal setting, self-efficacy, time and study environment management, language learning strategies, and attribution. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the intervention included mukiple outcome variables, which were grouped into three categories： students＇ motivational beliefs, students＇ strategy use, and students＇ academic performance. The results of the immediate training effects on goal setting, self-efficacy, attribution, time and study environment management, memory strategy, compensation strategy, metacognitive strategy and second language proficiency confirmed that academic self-regulation is a trainable student characteristic and self-regulation training can be used effectively in a second language classroom setting. The feature of the current study design allows for systematically examining and evaluating both motivational variables and learning strategies in the context of second language learning.
文摘The essay analyzes in a sociological and political science perspective several key aspects of the global economic-financial crisis which have either been neglected or not sufficiently analyzed in most scientific and media accounts. It focuses on two basic aspects： a） the coguitive framework prevailing among U. S. corporate, governmental and intellectual elites, i.e. the neodiberal conception of the self-regulating market, which deeply influenced their behaviour both in the market and in the political arena and b ） the mechanisms of pressure politics and political lobbying in the US Congress that managed to influence key decisions concerning de-regulation policy, in so far as to weaken the existing systems of institutional controls and to prevent new rules for new financial products. The last section evaluates President Obama＇s economic strategy and regulation policy in the light of the two basic aspects analysed in the first two sections, i.e. the action of lobbies and the influence of mainstream neo-hberal economics. The aim of the essay is to integrate the economic literature with a sociological and political analysis in order to gain clearer knowledge of the complex mechanisms of the crisis, which in turn can contribute to identifying key obstacles in implementing pohcies aimed at enforcing new forms of regulation of global markets.
