清代道光六年漕政改革的意义

1826年清廷的漕政改革,以海运南漕、官督商办的“试点”形式取得成功。这是一次意义重大的“自改革”尝试。本文分别论述了它在道光年间地主阶级“自改革”运动中的“标本”价值和“破题”意义,它对江南社会经济,特别是市场功能扩大的良性影响,以及对近代“官督商办”体制建设的垂范、借助作用。

嘉庆道光年间地主阶级改革派论略

嘉庆道光年间的地主阶级改革派,其兴起和演变大致经历了两个阶段:第一阶段是其产生和走向历史前台的时期,是极其关键的奠基阶段;第二阶段是其从发展转向低落的阶段,却开启了中国传统思想文化向近代转型的新走向。他们在群体结构、思想特色和交往方式等方面,都表现出鲜明的时代特征。

清廷“自改革”道路走不通

今年是新文化运动一百周年。北京大学教授陈平原在新著《“新文化”的崛起与流播》中谈到，最近几年，反省中国这一百年走过的路，不少知识分子提出这样的问题：晚清的洋务运动、戊戌变法，以及严复等人所思考的教育、文化建国之路，是否一定走不通？陈平原教授强调，晚清的变革，是被形势一步步逼出来的，当政者并没这种襟怀与眼光。最后逼到了政治制度这一关，还是过不去。说是要走英国君主立宪的路，可一拖再拖，贻误时机，最后促成了孙中山领导的暴力革命。

请朱维铮先生赴“鸿门宴”

朱维铮,著名历史学家,复旦大学教授,中国思想文化史研究室主任,中国文化史、中国经学史博士生导师。曾在北美、西欧和东亚的多所大学做过客座教授。著作主要有《走出中世纪》、《音调未定的传统》、《求索真文明:晚清学术史论》及与人合作的《孔子思想体系》、《维新旧梦录:戊戌前百年中国的“自改革”运动》等,被海外学术界誉为“学术杀手”。

The Kind of Virgin That Keeps a Parrot： Identity, Nature, and Myth in a Painting by Hans Baldung Grien

The 16th-century Protestant Reformation shattered the foundations of faith and art. As traditional theology was both besieged and defended, art had to adapt. Of course, a new theology needed new kinds of pictorial extrapolations. But truly, the most interesting change was hidden in plain sight. Subjects that may have looked familiar were in fact utterly new, because subversive ideas and contexts uprooted older meanings. The painting Madonna with Parrots （1533）, by Hans Baldung Grien demoted the chaste protectress by transforming her into a flawed, even dangerous, human mother. In the painting, an oddly sultry Virgin shows off her breast, her shoulder, and her chest as a parrot nibbles her neck. The complexities of Baldung＇s painting underpin debates about the status of the Virgin during the Reformation and the freedom of an artist to tamper with sacred subject matter.

Knowledge Economy-The Sustainable Development Economy

Reviewing evolution of natural resources utilization mode in different economic formation, the paper elaborates the meanings of knowledge economy, and points our that the cause of unsustainabte development is the acute contradiction between the taw of ecosystem and the law of economy. It also points out that the essence of sustainable development is the harmonious relation between economy and the ecosystem. Therefore. the resources allocation should be considered from the aspect of the market demand and the aspect of the supply of t he ecosystem. That is to say, firsthy, the scale and pace of economy growth must be adapted to the supply capability of the ecosystem under the current technology, Secondly, based on the supply ability of the ecosystem, we should make it clear how to make limited resources allocation attains equilibrium between market supply and demand. The paper clarifies that in the mode of knowledge economy; we may transform the way of economy growth, form optimum economy structure, change the base of resource supply, strengthen the supply capability of ecosystem expand the production-possibility frontier, and finally accomplish the eco-economy coordinated development through the innovation of institution and technology. The essence of sustainable development and the sustainable characteristics of knowledge economy that were discussed above determine that knowledge economy is an economy of sustainable development.

China's Industrial Upgrade in Global Factor Specialization

China has operated as a proactive destination of technology transfer and diffusion from the Western world since reform and opening-up in 1978.This enabled the country to seize strategic opportunities of global factor specialization and helped it achieve great industrial development and upgrade.Nevertheless,the traditional path of integration into the global system of factor specialization has also brought about problems of imbalance and incoordination such as an excessive consumption of natural resources and environmental damage,making it necessary for China's industrial development to increase sustainability.Deepening of global factor specialization,increased cross-border liquidity,and the strategy of "reverse integration" of multinational firms based on developing economies are tendencies highly consistent with the direction of China's industrial development and upgrade and present new strategic opportunities for integration into global factor specialization and industrial transformation.Rather than simply acting passively as a destination of foreign investment,a new round of opening-up is required for China to take a more efficient route in the global system of factor specialization.Therefore,in the area of industrial development,China must keep a down-to-earth attitude,effectively utilize the existing comparative advantages,and follow a gradual and science-based approach.Only by following this course will China be able to take advantage of the new opportunities,foster advanced indigenous and international factors,and increase its capabilities of innovation and global operation on the basis of global resources integration.

Analysis of China's Oil and Gas Policy in 2015

The reforms in oil and gas sector have been accelerated in 2015. The reform of mineral rights has begun and 6 oil and gas exploration zones in Xinjiang Autonomous Region have served as the tender pilots, breaking through the requirements on the resources varieties, exploration phase and enterprise qual!fication. The right of importing and using of the crude oil has been gradually relaxed and 13 local refineries have obtained the right to use imported crude oil of 55.1888 million tons per year. The natural gas price for non-residential use was unified and a universal price was set ~r the incremental supply and existing supply. Tire Shanghai Petroleum and Gas Exchange （SHPGX） was established and laid foundation for the market mechanism to detervnine the price. The government governance has undergone continuous adjustments such as regulating the tax instead of charging the fees, streamlining administration and delegating power to tire lower levels.The Guidelines on Deepening tire Reform of State-owned Enterprises was released, symbolizing the accomplishment of the overall planning ~ the SOE reform.

A Study on the Capital System Reform Tendency of Chinese company

This paper will analyze the history and evolvements of capital system in order to grasp the tendency of capital system reform. Managers should give more attention to the establishing of reform institution and the supervising of company capital system＇ s operation in the process of reform. Managers should also attach great importance to the third party and creditors when they value the interests of shareholders. It is imperfect to only emphasis or value the interests of the shareholders or the third party and creditors. In addition, creditor＇ s self-protection of civil action should obtain much more approaches in the process of reform.

Path Selection of Xi＇an Free Trade Area Construction under the Strategy of Silk Road Economic Belt

From the present situation of worldwide flee-trade area and the new trend of reform and opening in China after 18 of the fifth plenary session, you can see that in domestic, the construction and development of free-trade area, taking regional core city as center, is economy transformation means under new normal economic environment, and new clues to improve the level of reform and opening. The establishments of free trade Area in Shanghai, Guangdong, Tianjin, Fujian provided references for establishing a free trade area of xi ＇ an under the background of the silk road economic belt construction. This article firstly analyzes the present domestic and foreign research situation and development trend; and then put forward the necessity of building Xi＇ an free trade area. Then discusses the Xi＇ an Silk Road economic belt free trade area construction strategy. Finally, in combination with the practical situation of Xi＇ an, it proposes path selection of Xi＇ an free trade area construction under the strategy of Silk Road economic belt.

When Teacher Autonomy Meets Management Autonomy to Enhance Learner Autonomy

Developing learner autonomy （LA） requires a shift of control from teachers to students. This development also relates to teacher autonomy （TA）, which requires school managers to relinquish some degree of their own autonomy （MA） to teachers. Thus, a problem arises： how can the three levels of control-shifts co-exist and survive in harmony, and ideally, thrive each in its own way？ Based on a recent case study, this paper aims to explore the complexity of the dynamic interaction between these three types of autonomy within an educational hierarchy. The study was conducted in a Chinese secondary school which was promoting whole-person development through a comprehensive innovation project. The participants comprised nine English teachers, the executive director, and the principal. Data collection methods included interviews, observations, and post-lesson discussions. Three issues are addressed in this paper： the principal＇s perceptions of LA, a classroom instruction model to cultivate LA, and a teacher training scheme to facilitate TA. The findings display a complex picture of these issues, and imply the importance of a genuine, shared understanding of the nature of autonomy and the need to carefully ensure the optimal balance among the three types of autonomy in the design and implementation of curriculum innovations.

THE FRONTLINE OF REFORM

One year on from its establishment,how is Shanghai’s free trade zone doing thus far？Hony Capital,founded in 2003,is a leading private equity firm in China.It mainly focuses on investment in advanced manufacturing,health-care and service sectors both at home and abroad.In the past,when Hony Capital would bid for overseas acquisition,it had to add a caveat in the bidding papers—if the acquisition failed to