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资本主义“自由竞争”的三重矛盾关系——从“发条人”隐喻谈起 被引量:5
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作者 于天宇 《哲学研究》 CSSCI 北大核心 2021年第7期68-77,共10页
恩格斯在《国民经济学批判大纲》中用"发条"隐喻揭示了资本逻辑下主体的存在状态。资本主义"自由竞争"提示每个人必须不断"自我完善",在资本逻辑宰制下,"发条人"隐喻对无产阶级与资产阶级同样... 恩格斯在《国民经济学批判大纲》中用"发条"隐喻揭示了资本逻辑下主体的存在状态。资本主义"自由竞争"提示每个人必须不断"自我完善",在资本逻辑宰制下,"发条人"隐喻对无产阶级与资产阶级同样适用。所谓"自由"的资本主义必然走向自由的反面,既产生无产阶级与资产阶级的根本性矛盾,又产生无产阶级与资产阶级各自的内部矛盾,加剧各自内部的分裂,并且这三重矛盾最终都将加深无产阶级的苦难。"发条人"是资本逻辑进行生命宰治的存在表象,是资本主义"自由竞争"的逻辑悖反,是资本主义政治欺诈与经济压迫的现实必然。 展开更多
关键词 “发条人” “自由竞争” 资本逻辑
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“竞赛社会”中的“齿轮人”——资本统治权批判的哲学叙事 被引量:1
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作者 于天宇 《理论探讨》 CSSCI 北大核心 2023年第1期140-146,共7页
马克思在《资本论》第二十二章“剩余价值分为资本和收入。节欲论”部分将资本家比喻成资本主义社会机制的“主动轮”,并指出,竞争使资本主义生产方式内在的规律作为外在的强制支配着每一个资本家,因此,资本家的私人消费也就成为对他资... 马克思在《资本论》第二十二章“剩余价值分为资本和收入。节欲论”部分将资本家比喻成资本主义社会机制的“主动轮”,并指出,竞争使资本主义生产方式内在的规律作为外在的强制支配着每一个资本家,因此,资本家的私人消费也就成为对他资本积累的掠夺。这使得资本家必须履行其“主动轮”身份的义务,在资本主义“竞赛社会”中不断轮转,并带动作为“从动轮”的劳动者。马克思“主动轮”的比喻揭露了资本主义“竞赛社会”中主体的“齿轮”本质,在资本主义“自由竞争”的机制下,资本实现了全方位的自由,而主体则被迫陷入自由陷阱,失去自由。这意味着在资本主义社会中真正的主体空场,即人的主体地位沦陷,全体人成为维持资本机器运转的齿轮。在此意义上,资本权力已然取代了全体人的主体地位,实现了资本权力的控场。 展开更多
关键词 “齿轮人” “竞赛社会” “自由竞争” 资本权力
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马克思恩格斯关于现代社会竞争问题的审视
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作者 陈培永 林修能 《马克思主义与现实》 CSSCI 北大核心 2024年第3期80-86,共7页
竞争存在于有人类以来的一切时代,只不过在现代社会更具有普遍性,甚至可以说,它构成了现代社会的基本要素。竞争是生产与消费的双向关系,是人与人对某种对象展开争夺的关系。合理的竞争有助于激发每个人的活力和潜力,有利于个人自由的... 竞争存在于有人类以来的一切时代,只不过在现代社会更具有普遍性,甚至可以说,它构成了现代社会的基本要素。竞争是生产与消费的双向关系,是人与人对某种对象展开争夺的关系。合理的竞争有助于激发每个人的活力和潜力,有利于个人自由的实现和人类社会的发展。看不到竞争的积极作用,不能适应现代社会的竞争节奏,一味地反对竞争,以“内卷”之名给退出竞争找理由,并不符合现代社会运行的规律。但竞争不应该被推崇为自由的代名词,也不应该被认定为永恒的社会状况。真正值得追求的竞争,不是建立在利益对立基础上的“自由竞争”,而是有利于实现共同利益、实现不同竞争主体利益协调的合理竞赛,是以共同体为基础、以共同目标为指向的合作与公平的竞争。 展开更多
关键词 马克思 恩格斯 竞争 “自由竞争” 合理竞赛
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A Study of Mechanization of Cotton Harvesting in India and Its Implications 被引量:4
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作者 Srinivasa Konduru Fumiko Yamazaki Mechel Paggi 《Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B)》 2013年第11期789-797,共9页
Cotton is one of the most important crops throughout the history of India and it also plays an important role in social and economic aspects of the Indian society in the present age. Recent technological advances and ... Cotton is one of the most important crops throughout the history of India and it also plays an important role in social and economic aspects of the Indian society in the present age. Recent technological advances and trade liberalization have made India a major player in international cotton markets. In the year 2011-2012, India was the world's second largest producer, consumer and exporter of cotton. The increasing role of the Indian cotton sector in international markets is a direct challenge to other major players like the US. Within this context, a better understanding of the Indian cotton sector and the impact of mechanization on cotton cultivation are needed. The overall objective of this paper is to assess the competitiveness of Indian cotton producers and potential implications for India as a competitor in the world cotton market if it mechanizes harvesting of cotton. The results demonstrate that the net income of the Indian cotton farmers will increase considerably with the mechanization of cotton harvesting. But the adoption of the practice of harvesting cotton by mechanical means is possible only if efforts from many private and public agencies come together. In that scenario, the cotton production in India can increase considerably which can impact the international markets. 展开更多
关键词 COTTON INDIA MECHANIZATION harvesting.
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Shanghai free trade zone "2" version of the competitive strategy analysis
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作者 XIE Jiayi CHENG Manhua ZHAO Yanan 《International English Education Research》 2015年第12期60-61,共2页
Shanghai free trade area from 28.78 square kilometers expanded to 120.72 square kilometers, the space has expanded to 4 times the original. But in the second, it is more important to achieve the functional area. New s... Shanghai free trade area from 28.78 square kilometers expanded to 120.72 square kilometers, the space has expanded to 4 times the original. But in the second, it is more important to achieve the functional area. New self trade test area covers the Lujiazui financial and Trade Zone, Jinqiao Economic and Technological Development Zone, Zhangiiang High Tech Park and comprehensive free trade zone, the state-level development zone has formed a respective unique function and mature operation mode, expanding area, the area co reform, the development of dislocation. In the special regulatory region, actively learn from international practice, to further intensify reform efforts, especially to explore the construction of offshore financing to adapt to the development of offshore trade environment, to become the highest degree of openness in the region. "The expansion of the Shanghai free trade zone will help to test the innovation of different industrial types in a wider range." 展开更多
关键词 Shanghai Free Trade Zone "2" version Competitive strategy
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Liberalize or Not? Societal Conflict, Plural Political Competition, and the Political Economy of FDI Liberalization
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作者 Jia Chen 《Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences》 2016年第1期147-175,共29页
While the existing literature suggests political liberalization enhances the freedom of foreign direct investment (FDI), the observation that some countries with more liberal political regimes have more restrictive ... While the existing literature suggests political liberalization enhances the freedom of foreign direct investment (FDI), the observation that some countries with more liberal political regimes have more restrictive policies toward direct investment than others remains unexplained. With a theoretical model of plural political competition and empirical evidences gathered from panel data, I argue that the liberalizing effect of political liberty on foreign direct investment hinges on the local factor endowment of the country experiencing democratization. I develop a theory of investment policy formation that takes into account the strategic response from domestic societal actors to redistribution of political power and its impact on FDI liberalization. Consistent with the theoretical prediction, the empirical results show political liberalization is more likely to lead to liberalization of foreign direct investment when the capital-labor ratio in the economy is relatively low. 展开更多
关键词 Political economy · Foreign direct investment · Political liberalization Factor endowment · Special interest politics
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