新闻的“自言性”与导语写作

文章有了一个好的开头,文章就成功了一半.新闻的导语有趣、生动、形象、丰满就令人不能释手.

A Qualia Structure Approach to Nominal Polysemy

Nominal polysemy is a ubiquitous phenomenon in natural languages. How to eliminate the ambiguity caused by polysemous nominals is one of the major concerns in semantics. Drawing on Generative Lexicon Theory, this paper addresses the interpretation of nominal polysemy and attempts to reveal the different meanings of a polysemous nominal from four aspects of its qualia structure, namely, constitutive, formal, telic, and agentive. It is argued that a qualia structure analysis of a noun helps specify its precise meaning in a certain context, hence eliminating the ambiguity it may probably give rise to

Translation Strategies of Vague Language in Political Texts

As one of the most important features of natural language, the ambiguity of the language has aroused widespread attention in the early Western scholars. Today, the growing number of experts, scholars have committed systematic exploration and research of vague language, and thus producing the fuzzy edge between discipline and linguistics —— Fuzzy Linguistics. Looking at the current fuzzy linguistics research, we can broadly divide it from the research point of view, into semantic ambiguity, pragmatic vagueness, syntactic blur, discourse vague and other directions. Undoubtedly, these types of studies approach from different angles can inevitably produces a cross, which is based on the analysis of the vague language to explore pragmatic functions as this paper.

Improved hidden Markov model for speech recognition and POS tagging

In order to overcome defects of the classical hidden Markov model (HMM), Markov family model (MFM), a new statistical model was proposed. Markov family model was applied to speech recognition and natural language processing. The speaker independently continuous speech recognition experiments and the part-of-speech tagging experiments show that Markov family model has higher performance than hidden Markov model. The precision is enhanced from 94.642% to 96.214% in the part-of-speech tagging experiments, and the work rate is reduced by 11.9% in the speech recognition experiments with respect to HMM baseline system.

Critical Thinking in Language Learning and Teaching

This paper focuses on current theoretical research in second language education and on how the Language Awareness Approach, specifically, is key to successful second language teaching. LAA methodology gives students the tools and confidence to internalize the second language for the long term. Through the Language Awareness Approach, students become highly motivated self-learners, expertly analyzing the syntax of their native language as well as that of the second language. As students become more skilled in understanding how language works, they are able to internalize the new language and make it their own. Eventually, students do not have to ＂change the chip to the target language＂ when they walk through the classroom door.

A SURVEY ON ENGLISH MAJORS' ATTITUDES TOWARDS LEARNER AUTONOMY

Learner autonomy (LA) has attracted more and more attention especially in the western world since 1970s. In recent years, a considerable number of Chinese researchers have begun to show great interest in LA. However, research on LA with Chinese students has not yet come to any definite conclusion about the applicability of LA in the local context. This study aims to elicit some useful information based on the investigation of Chinese students' attitudes towards LA. The questionnaire is composed of 24 statements, concerning the students' attitudes and perception towards language learning, teachers' and learners' roles, and perception of their capability in language learning. The results indicate that students show positive attitudes towards LA; they have a general desire to be involved in the language learning process and believe in the value of effort and self-discipline. The paper then, based on the results of the study, puts forward a few tentative suggestions as to how to facilitate the development of LA in Chinese pedagogical context. Teachers should transfer more power to students in classroom, and provide more room for student involvement in language teaching. Meanwhile, it is essential to raise students' awareness for Autonomous Language learning (ALL) and enhance their abilities in doing so.

Data-based prediction and causality inference of nonlinear dynamics

Natural systems are typically nonlinear and complex, and it is of great interest to be able to reconstruct a system in order to understand its mechanism, which cannot only recover nonlinear behaviors but also predict future dynamics. Due to the advances of modern technology, big data becomes increasingly accessible and consequently the problem of reconstructing systems from measured data or time series plays a central role in many scientific disciplines. In recent decades, nonlinear methods rooted in state space reconstruction have been developed, and they do not assume any model equations but can recover the dynamics purely from the measured time series data. In this review, the development of state space reconstruction techniques will be introduced and the recent advances in systems prediction and causality inference using state space reconstruction will be presented. Particularly, the cutting-edge method to deal with short-term time series data will be focused on.Finally, the advantages as well as the remaining problems in this field are discussed.

A NONMONOTONE FILTER LINE SEARCH TECHNIQUE FOR THE MBFGS METHOD IN UNCONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION

This paper presents a new nonmonotone filter line search technique in association with the MBFGS method for solving unconstrained minimization.The filter method,which is traditionally used for constrained nonlinear programming(NLP),is extended to solve unconstrained NLP by converting the latter to an equality constrained minimization.The nonmonotone idea is employed to the filter method so that the restoration phrase,a common feature of most filter methods,is not needed.The global convergence and fast local convergence rate of the proposed algorithm are established under some reasonable conditions.The results of numerical experiments indicate that the proposed method is efficient.

THE RELATIONSHIPS OF THREE ELEMENTARY CELLULAR AUTOMATA

Limit language complexity of cellular automata which is first posed by S. Wolfram has become a new branch of cellular automata. In this paper, we obtain two interesting relationships between elementary cellular automata of rules 126, 146（182） and 18, and prove that if the limit language of rule. 18 is not regular, nor are the limit languages of rules 126 and 146（182）.

The Effect of Learners' Autonomous Textbook Selection on Intermediate Iranian EFL Learners' Speaking Ability

The ability to employ the language as a communicational tool often serves as a measure of one＇s speaking success in the language learning class. This research sought to investigate the effect of learners＇ autonomous textbook selection on the speaking ability of Iranian English as foreign language （EFL） learners. Moreover, finding and analyzing factors considered by the learners in selecting the textbooks were another aim of this research. Sixty Iranian intermediate EFL learners from the Simin Language Institute in Ramsar, Mazandaran, Iran, were selected as the participants of the study based on their scores on Oxford Placement Test. This test determines the level of the students＇ English proficiency. These participants were randomly assigned into the control and experimental groups. An interview procedure was run as their pretest. The experimental group studied from their selected books, besides the researcher＇s teaching in the class. After 16 sessions, a posttest, the same as the pretest, was run as well. The quantitative results indicated the superior performance of the experimental group over the control group. Furthermore, an analysis of the Litz＇s （2000） questionnaire shows that learners considered criteria such as practical considerations, layout and design, activities, skills, language type, subject and content of the selected books.