即“小”见大——基于城市形态学方法的近代上海小型里弄研究

本文基于上海老城厢历史文化风貌区金家坊片区的调研,借鉴康泽恩城镇平面格局分析法,界定出“小型里弄”这一新的里弄建筑类型,从产权地块形态、土地利用方式和房屋建设主体三个层面,考察其空间特征,并对形态背后的社会、经济和文化驱动力进行初步探讨。研究丰富了对里弄建筑类型及空间多样性的认知,并为近代城市遗产的价值认定和保护对策奠定基础。

Drishti Paint 3.2:a new open-source tool for both 2D and 3D segmentation

X-ray computed tomography(CT)has been an important technology in paleontology for several decades.It helps researchers to acquire detailed anatomical structures of fossils non-destructively.Despite its widespread application,developing an efficient and user-friendly method for segmenting CT data continues to be a formidable challenge in the field.Most CT data segmentation software operates on 2D interfaces,which limits flexibility for real-time adjustments in 3D segmentation.Here,we introduce Curves Mode in Drishti Paint 3.2,an open-source tool for CT data segmentation.Drishti Paint 3.2 allows users to manually or semi-automatically segment the CT data in both 2D and 3D environments,providing a novel solution for revisualizing CT data in paleontological studies.

混合动力汽车能效优化与控制策略研究

随着环境问题和能源危机的日益严重,混合动力汽车作为一种节能环保的交通工具,得到了广泛关注。能效优化和控制策略是混合动力汽车研究的重要方向,对于提高汽车性能、降低能耗、减少排放具有重要意义。本文旨在探讨混合动力汽车的能效优化和控制策略,以提高汽车的整体性能和燃油经济性。

Stability of second order Hopfield neural networks with time delays

Dynamical behaviors of a class of second order Hopfield neural networks with time delays is investigated.The existence of a unique equilibrium point is proved by using Brouwer's fixed point theorem and the counter proof method,and some sufficient conditions for the global asymptotic stability of the equilibrium point are obtained through the combination of a suitable Lyapunov function and an algebraic inequality technique.

Stochastic Air Traffic Flow Management for Demand and Capacity Balancing Under Capacity Uncertainty

This paper introduces an innovative approach to the synchronized demand-capacity balance with special focus on sector capacity uncertainty within a centrally controlled collaborative air traffic flow management(ATFM)framework.Further with previous study,the uncertainty in capacity is considered as a non-negligible issue regarding multiple reasons,like the impact of weather,the strike of air traffic controllers(ATCOs),the military use of airspace and the spatiotemporal distribution of nonscheduled flights,etc.These recessive factors affect the outcome of traffic flow optimization.In this research,the focus is placed on the impact of sector capacity uncertainty on demand and capacity balancing(DCB)optimization and ATFM,and multiple options,such as delay assignment and rerouting,are intended for regulating the traffic flow.A scenario optimization method for sector capacity in the presence of uncertainties is used to find the approximately optimal solution.The results show that the proposed approach can achieve better demand and capacity balancing and determine perfect integer solutions to ATFM problems,solving large-scale instances(24 h on seven capacity scenarios,with 6255 flights and 8949 trajectories)in 5-15 min.To the best of our knowledge,our experiment is the first to tackle large-scale instances of stochastic ATFM problems within the collaborative ATFM framework.

Regarding the Regulatory Sandbox Route and Mechanism for Governance of Artificial Intelligence

The main challenge in AI governance today is striking a balance between controlling AI dangers and fostering AI innovation.Regulators in a number of nations have progressively extended the regulatory sandbox,which was first implemented in the banking sector,to AI governance in an effort to reduce the conflict between regulation and innovation.The AI regulatory sandbox is a new and feasible route for AI governance in China that not only helps to manage the risks of technology application but also prevents inhibiting AI innovation.It keeps inventors'trial-and-error tolerance space inside the regulatory purview while offering a controlled setting for the development and testing of novel AI that hasn't yet been put on the market.By providing full-cycle governance of AI with the principles of agility and inclusive prudence,the regulatory sandbox offers an alternative to the conventional top-down hard regulation,expost regulation,and tight regulation.However,the current system also has inherent limitations and practical obstacles that need to be overcome by a more rational and effective approach.To achieve its positive impact on AI governance,the AI regulatory sandbox system should build and improve the access and exit mechanism,the coordination mechanism between the sandbox and personal information protection,and the mechanisms of exemption,disclosure,and communication.

Lecturers’Efforts in Building Rapport in the English-Medium Instruction(EMI)Context:Focus on the Use of Communication Strategies

Past studies reveal the prevalence of anxiety,coupled with low motivation and disengagement among students in English-medium instruction(EMI)programs.Given the detrimental impact these negative emotions can have on learning outcomes,it is imperative that teachers establish positive emotional rapport with their students.This study explores how experienced and highly rated EMI lecturers at a Chinese university’s overseas campus use communication strategies to build rapport with their students during interactive academic activities.It identifies the strategies used by these lecturers and examines how the strategies facilitate the teaching-learning process.The data,consisting of 10 hours of tutorials and 10 hours of supervisor-student supervision meetings,is analyzed using an adapted Conversation Analysis(CA)approach.The analysis reveals three types of communication strategies(CSs)frequently used by lecturers:back-channeling,codeswitching,and co-creation of messages.By employing these strategies,the lecturers established a strong rapport with the students,which created an encouraging and supportive learning environment.Consequently,this positive atmosphere facilitated students’learning of content knowledge through English.The findings of this study have implications for the training of lecturers who encounter difficulties in establishing rapport with multilingual students in the EMI setting.

Development and prospect of marine husbandry in Tianjin

Under the background of a new round of transformation and upgrading of the marine fishery industrial structure and the"speed up and upgrading"of the national marine ranching,this paper uses the method of combining practical experience,literature review,and field research to describe the development of marine ranching at home and abroad,and summarizes the practice process and achievements of Tianjin marine ranch:one national and two provincial marine ranch demonstration areas,16 ecotype reef areas,one seafood demonstration area,and one floating fish reef demonstration area were built,with a total scale of 26.9 km^(2),and a total of 134900 m^(2) fish reefs.This paper emphatically analyzed the construction experience and characteristics of the Tianjin Dashentang Marine Ranch demonstration area.Combined with the development orientation and objectives of Tianjin marine ranch,it is proposed to unify understanding,perfect development concept,accelerate the pace of scientific research,and adhere to ecological priority.In future,the construction of Tianjin marine ranch should encourage innovation to achieve leap-forward development,explore a new model of fishery development based on the'Economic Union',with'marine ranching-ecological farming-leisure tourism-featured products'as the main body.Based on relevant experience at home and abroad,the industrialization model of marine ranch with Tianjin characteristics should be established,which aims to provide strong support for the construction of"blue granary"in Tianjin,the implementation of Tianjin's coastal ranching strategy,and the promotion of Tianjin coastal ecosystem reconstruction and fishery resource recovery.

Current status and countermeasures of facility fishery development

According to the"National Modern Facility Agriculture Construction Plan(2023-2030)released by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,the"Special Implementation Plan for Modern Facility Fisheries Construction"emphasizes the development of circular aquaculture,active expansion of green aquaculture space in facility fisheries,multi-channel development of food sources,comprehensive improvement of the quality,efficiency,and competitiveness of facility fisheries,ensuring stable and safe supply of aquatic products,and better meeting people's needs for high-quality aquatic products and beautiful aquatic ecological environment.Since the implementation of the 14th Five Year Plan for fisheries,facility fisheries have made significant progress.In order to thoroughly implement General Secretary Xi Jinping's important discourse on new quality productivity,conduct in-depth research on the current situation and existing problems of the fishery industry,and put forward suggestions to meet the requirements of high-quality development of the fishery industry in the new era.Therefore,it is crucial to continue practicing the"revitalization of aquatic seed industry"and"big food concept",take multiple measures to"demand food from rivers,lakes,and seas",and expand aquaculture space.Through research,it has been found that research in the field of facility based fisheries is still in its developmental stage.Further exploration is needed on the current status,breeding models,and experimental demonstrations of land-based facility based fisheries,in order to provide a basis for fisheries regulatory authorities to formulate the"15th Five Year Plan"for facility based fisheries.

Interest Coordination Mechanism of Green Open Space Development in International Metropolises:Experience from New York City

The development of green open spaces is the key component for cities built for the people and a major initiative to enhance the core competitiveness of Chinese cities.This paper summarizes the research on green open spaces in international metropolitan cities,focusing on public participation,funding mix,and governmental actions.It focuses on the alignment of interests between public,private,and community sectors in New York City's green open space development in a series of case studies.It draws lessons from New York's experience and applies them to Chinese cities and proposes that:private non-government organizations should be introduced to improve the mechanism of major development and governance;real estate development incentives should be optimized to guide the private capital to provide public welfare;and policy innovation in land and property development is imperative in fiscal health and sustainability.

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘上古生界致密储层含气系统压力演化

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘上古生界多层系致密气发育,准确认识气藏压力演化过程对深化致密气成藏认识和实现气井高产稳产具有指导意义。综合应用钻测井资料和岩心流体包裹体测试,结合盆地埋藏史和热演化史模拟,揭示了鄂尔多斯盆地东缘上古生界含气系统压力演化。结果显示,研究区自下而上发育欠压、略微欠压和常压系统。均一温度和盐度总体上连续分布,反映了油气连续充注过程。太原组、山西组和下石盒子组均一温度和盐度正相关,反映近源生烃后快速充注;上石盒子组和石千峰组均一温度和盐度负相关,受流体远距离运移充注和紫金山构造热事件作用下的气藏再平衡影响。研究区在白垩纪中期大量生烃,形成了异常高压,储层压力在34.89~38.26 MPa。后期地层抬升造成储层压力降低,其中地层降温贡献了50.31%~57.85%;天然气膨胀引起的气体运移贡献了28.25%~41.95%,且以上部地层降低为主;孔隙反弹贡献了0.37%~0.79%。相关成果系统揭示了上古生界致密气藏压力系统演化及现今气藏压力成因,对于认识鄂尔多斯盆地和类似盆地致密气富集成藏规律具有借鉴意义。

中国科幻文学的海外传播——以《三体》在英语世界的译介与接受为例

刘慈欣的科幻小说《三体》的英译本使他获得了在英语世界的文学声望。本文围绕译介过程、译本形态和海外接受情况剖析异质文化语境中的由刘宇昆翻译的《三体》英译本,探索中国科幻文学如何在新的文化空间被认识与解读。赞助人与译者的多方合力是促成《三体》海外传播的重要基石;具有鲜明异国特色的“他者”译本是引导海外读者欣赏中国文学审美的有效翻译策略;馆藏数据、媒体关注及读者评价是探讨中国科幻文学的海外影响力和评判海外读者接受程度的重要指标,这3个层面的分析为中国当代文学的对外译介与海外传播提供了新的启示。

早期肾损伤指标检测对急性百草枯中毒患者预后的预测价值分析

目的 探讨早期肾损伤指标检测对急性百草枯中毒(APP)患者预后的预测价值。方法 回顾性分析2019年6月—2021年6月广州市第十二人民医院收治的90例APP患者的临床资料,根据患者预后情况将经治疗后死亡的APP患者纳入死亡组(52例),存活的APP患者纳入存活组(38例);对比两组患者入院时与入院后3 d的胱抑素C(Cys-C)、血清肌酐(Scr)、视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)、血乳酸(Lac)、β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)水平,分析患者入院时的β2-MG、Cys-C、RBP、Scr水平与APACHEⅡ评分、服毒量、Lac间的相关性。结果 入院时与入院后3 d死亡组患者的β2-MG、Cys-C、RBP、Scr、Lac水平均高于存活组(P<0.05);相关分析结果显示,早期APP患者的APACHEⅡ评分与β2-MG水平无显著相关性(r=0.143,P>0.05),与Cys-C、RBP、Scr水平呈正相关(r=0.282、0.386、0.179,P<0.05);早期APP患者的Lac水平与β2-MG、Cys-C、RBP、Scr水平呈正相关(r=0.158、0.179、0.288、0.199,P<0.05);早期APP患者的β2-MG、Cys-C、RBP、Scr水平与患者服毒量呈正相关(r=0.177、0.256、0.373、0.202,P<0.05)。结论β2-MG、Cys-C、RBP、Scr指标检测对APP患者病情及预后的预测价值较高,APP患者病情危重程度与β2-MG、Cys-C、RBP、Scr等指标表达水平均呈正相关。

食品添加剂在我国食品加工中的应用现状

食品添加剂在现代食品工业生产中占据着非常重要的地位,与人们的日常饮食安全和身体健康息息相关。综述了我国食品添加剂的定义、作用、种类、相关法律法规和加工特点等,提出了食品添加剂在食品加工应用中存在的问题及相应解决措施,对进一步丰富我国食品添加剂理论研究,推动食品加工业高质量发展具有重要的社会和经济意义。

社会组织参与困境儿童社会支持网络构建的服务策略研究--以广州市S组织困境儿童服务项目为例

要妥善回应深化改革过程中困境儿童多元化的需求,须从困境儿童社会支持着手,通过发挥社会组织联动多元主体的作用来筑实困境儿童社会支持网络。研究聚焦S组织困境儿童服务实践策略,分析其回应需求的服务过程,旨在为社会组织参与构建困境儿童支持网络提供实务参考。研究发现,S组织在开展困境儿童服务时能够充分发挥枢纽平台优势,在一定程度上促进了儿童主体发展和多元主体参与,但组织存在建设局限性、服务内容与形式创新不足、服务不够规范、机制缺失等方面的问题。推动儿童福利事业发展的关键在于要坚持政府主导的公共服务供给格局,拓宽社会参与渠道和门槛,整合跨界创新力量,动员多元主体在困境儿童服务中积极投入服务和资源,强化其社会支持网络。

基于新型冠状病毒感染重症救治下医院供氧能力分析与保障研究

目的 探讨在新型冠状病毒感染重症救治下各类氧源的应急供应能力与安全保障措施。方法 通过对5类呼吸支持方式在不同气源压力、氧浓度值下的耗氧量数据进行采集分析。同时对医疗机构5种主要供氧方式的产氧能力进行计算分析,分别以某三甲医院、二甲医院为例,通过统计2022年12月8日实行核酸自愿检测以来,全院用氧量与该医院总供氧能力进行对比,以期找到最佳保障方式。结果 通过数据采集分析显示,新型冠状病毒感染重症救治下,呼吸机等耗氧设备大量使用,使得氧气供应能力经受较大考验,各医疗机构现有供氧能力难以满足新冠重症救治下的用氧量需求。结论 因此,应重视科学提升供氧能力,加强管理,实行有效监控,做好应急预案,保障医疗重症与急救的正常工作。

尼可地尔对老年T2DM合并CHD患者心肌保护作用

目的 通过动态心电图(Holter)检测分析,评价尼可地尔药物对老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并冠心病(CHD)患者心肌保护作用。方法 选取2018年4月—2020年3月86例石家庄市第二医院心血管内一科老年T2DM合并CHD患者,根据治疗药物情况,分为研究组、参照组共86例,其中参照组(n=43例)进行CHD常规治疗,研究组(n=43例)在参照组基础上加尼可地尔。分析两组的临床疗效以及治疗前、后Holter指标的变化[所有窦性RR间期标准差(SDNN)、每5 min节段窦性RR间期均值的标准差(SDANN)、连续窦性RR间期差值均方根(rMSSD)、QT离散度(QTd)]、心功能指标[左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室后壁厚度(LVPEd)]与心肌酶指标[乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)],分析研究组?QTd、?SDNN、?SADNN与疗效相关性。结果 研究组总有效率93.02%高于参照组74.42%(P<0.05);治疗后,研究组QTd、?QTd、LVPEd、LDH、CK-MB低于参照组,SDNN、SADNN、rMSSD、?SDNN、?SADNN、?SADNN、LVEF高于参照组(P<0.05);研究组?QTd与疗效负相关,?SDNN、?SADNN、?rMSSD与疗效正相关(P<0.05)。结论 尼可地尔治疗老年T2DM合并CHD患者,具有改善临床症状,保护心肌作用。

2016—2021年上海市中心城区院外心脏骤停患者伤情特征分析

目的 分析上海市中心城区院外心脏骤停患者伤情特征、院前急救和时间分布情况,以及进行心肺复苏成功(自主循环再现)患者的发生规律和院前急救情况。方法 收集上海市医疗急救中心120调度指挥系统2016至2021年院外心脏骤停患者急救出车数据,并单独筛选自主循环再现患者数据。运用描述性分析、多组样本均数方差分析、R×C卡方检验进行统计分析。结果 纳入有效数据3 744份,其中自主循环再现患者数据1 333份。2016至2021年上海市中心城区院外心脏骤停患者数量逐年增加,以男性为主(59.38%),年龄以75~89岁(1 401例,占37.42%)和60~74岁为主(979例,占26.15%)。平均院前等待时间为(8.61±6.82)min,且逐年缩短(P<0.001)。病因以循环系统(1 805例,占43.03%)和呼吸系统(698例,占16.64%)为主。时间分布方面,10月至次年3月发生数量较多;每日7时至10时和17时至18时是2个呼叫高峰时段。自主循环再现患者共1 333名(25.6%),并且人数逐年增加(P<0.001),救护车到达前心肺复苏和自动体外除颤仪使用率为18.30%和1.43%。结论 揭示了院外心脏骤停发生的季节、时间规律性;院外心脏骤停患平均院前等待时间低于上海市急救平均反应时间,且呈逐年降低的趋势;自主循环再现患者的数量及占比逐年增加,但救护车到达前心肺复苏和自动体外除颤仪使用率仍较低。

浅谈模块化卫生应急队伍建设

目的 探索模块化卫生应急队伍建设路径和运行方式,促进队伍应对突发事件处置与救援能力的提升,防范化解突发事件对人民群众生命安全和身体健康的威胁。方法 研究国家、北京市等有关部门发布的关于加强公共卫生应急队伍建设的要求与政策导向,围绕北京市推进模块化卫生应急队伍建设的实践进行研究分析。结果 组建集合传染病救治、中毒处置、烧伤救治、创伤救治、紧急心理救援、核与辐射事件救治、院前急救、传染病现场处置共8个专业模块的应急救援队伍,队伍建设取得实效,初步具备现代化、专业化、标准化、综合类应急救援队伍的建设目标。结论 通过模块化方式进行队伍建设具有实际的必要性与操作的可行性,平急结合,加强日常培训演练可进一步提升队伍的紧急医学救援能力。

急性脑梗死患者血清BDNF及IGF-1水平与进展性运动功能缺损的关系

目的 研究血清脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)及胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)与急性脑梗死患者进展性运动功能缺损(PMD)的关系。方法 选择2017年7月—2019年12月期间成都中医药大学附属医院收治的急性大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO)患者作为MCAO组,同期体检的健康者作为对照组。MCAO组患者入院后连续5 d留取血清并检测BDNF、IGF-1水平,对照组体检时留取血清并检测BDNF、IGF-1水平。MCAO组患者发病5 d内美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)中运动项目评分增加≥2分且持续24 h以上判断为PMD。采用Pearson检验分析BDNF、IGF-1与NIHSS评分的相关性,采用Logistic回归模型分析BDNF、IGF-1与PMD的关系。结果 MCAO组患者入院第1天血清BDNF、IGF-1水平低于对照组(P<0.05);入院后第1~5天,MCAO组中PMD患者的血清BDNF、IGF-1水平无明显变化,非PMD患者的血清BDNF、IGF-1水平呈逐渐升高趋势,且高于PMD患者(P<0.05);MCAO组患者血清BDNF、IGF-1水平与NIHSS总评分、NIHSS运动评分呈负相关;入院后第1天的BDNF是发生PMD的影响因素。结论 血清BDNF、IGF-1水平降低与急性脑梗死病情加重及PMD发生有关,其中入院第1天的BDNF水平是发生PMD的相关因素。