Background: Despite their utility in accessing ambulatory movement, pedometers have not been used consistently to monitor physical activity in U.S. surveillance systems. This study was designed to determine the feasib...Background: Despite their utility in accessing ambulatory movement, pedometers have not been used consistently to monitor physical activity in U.S. surveillance systems. This study was designed to determine the feasibility of using pedometers to assess daily steps taken in a sub-sample of adults from Maricopa County who completed the 2014 Arizona Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey.Methods: Respondents were sent an Omron HJ324 U pedometer, a logbook to record steps taken, and a walking questionnaire. The pedometer was worn for 7 days. Feasibility was assessed for acceptability(interest in study), demand(procedures followed correctly), implementation(time to complete study), and practicality(cost).Results: Acceptability was modest with 23.9%(830/3476) agreeing to participate. Among those participating(92.9%; 771/830), 50.1%(386/771)returned the logbook. Demand was modest with 39.3%(303/771) of logbooks returned with valid data. Implementation represented 5 months to recruit participants. The cost to obtain valid step-count data was USD61.60 per person. An average of 6363 ± 3049 steps/day were taken with most participants classified as sedentary(36.0%) or low active(35.6%).Conclusion: The feasibility of using pedometers in a state-based surveillance system is modest at best. Feasibility may potentially be improved with easy-to-use pedometers where data can be electronically downloaded.展开更多
This research paper describes the tsunami damage to tide walls observed using aerial photographs and field investigations at 13 locations along the coast of Iwate Prefecture, where significant tsunami damage occurred ...This research paper describes the tsunami damage to tide walls observed using aerial photographs and field investigations at 13 locations along the coast of Iwate Prefecture, where significant tsunami damage occurred as a result of the Great East Japan Earthquake. This paper also summarizes the characteristics of the damage. The tide walls in Iwate Prefecture were constructed on a ria （hilly type） coast, this geographical feature of lwate being different from that of the other disaster areas, primarily Miyagi and Fukushima Prefectures. The results of our investigations show that all the devastated tide walls suffered from overflow before being damaged. In particular, the sloping and vertical type tide walls with slope protection were damaged by scouring of the infill sand or back fill soil due to the overflow of the tsunami. In the case of vertical type tide walls without slope protection, damage was caused by scouring of the back fill soil.展开更多
This research aims to elucidate the navigational situation of ships during the massive tsunami that occurred in the Tohoku district of Japan on March 11,2011. In particular, it focuses on the time the massive tsunami ...This research aims to elucidate the navigational situation of ships during the massive tsunami that occurred in the Tohoku district of Japan on March 11,2011. In particular, it focuses on the time the massive tsunami encountered ships. AIS （automatic identification system）, which is required to be fitted aboard large ships for identifying and locating vessels, was used for the analysis of the navigational status of ships. It was confirmed that a group of ships sailing off the coast suddenly changed course. It was also verified that the ships had been struck by the tsunami, and the time of the strike was identified. The novelty and importance of this research are as follows. First, the behaviour of many ships that encountered the massive tsunami was clarified. There are no earlier instances of simultaneous and detailed recording of the behaviour of many ships encountering a massive tsunami. Second, the movement of the ships that encountered the tsunami was analysed, and the time of the maximum wave of the tsunami was verified. The research presents, for the first time in ship history, the status of a ship at the time of a tsunami using objective navigational data.展开更多
基金partially supported under a contract from Mc King Consulting(#4568)with the U.S.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(200-2012-F-53729)to assist with pedometer distribution
文摘Background: Despite their utility in accessing ambulatory movement, pedometers have not been used consistently to monitor physical activity in U.S. surveillance systems. This study was designed to determine the feasibility of using pedometers to assess daily steps taken in a sub-sample of adults from Maricopa County who completed the 2014 Arizona Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey.Methods: Respondents were sent an Omron HJ324 U pedometer, a logbook to record steps taken, and a walking questionnaire. The pedometer was worn for 7 days. Feasibility was assessed for acceptability(interest in study), demand(procedures followed correctly), implementation(time to complete study), and practicality(cost).Results: Acceptability was modest with 23.9%(830/3476) agreeing to participate. Among those participating(92.9%; 771/830), 50.1%(386/771)returned the logbook. Demand was modest with 39.3%(303/771) of logbooks returned with valid data. Implementation represented 5 months to recruit participants. The cost to obtain valid step-count data was USD61.60 per person. An average of 6363 ± 3049 steps/day were taken with most participants classified as sedentary(36.0%) or low active(35.6%).Conclusion: The feasibility of using pedometers in a state-based surveillance system is modest at best. Feasibility may potentially be improved with easy-to-use pedometers where data can be electronically downloaded.
文摘This research paper describes the tsunami damage to tide walls observed using aerial photographs and field investigations at 13 locations along the coast of Iwate Prefecture, where significant tsunami damage occurred as a result of the Great East Japan Earthquake. This paper also summarizes the characteristics of the damage. The tide walls in Iwate Prefecture were constructed on a ria （hilly type） coast, this geographical feature of lwate being different from that of the other disaster areas, primarily Miyagi and Fukushima Prefectures. The results of our investigations show that all the devastated tide walls suffered from overflow before being damaged. In particular, the sloping and vertical type tide walls with slope protection were damaged by scouring of the infill sand or back fill soil due to the overflow of the tsunami. In the case of vertical type tide walls without slope protection, damage was caused by scouring of the back fill soil.
文摘This research aims to elucidate the navigational situation of ships during the massive tsunami that occurred in the Tohoku district of Japan on March 11,2011. In particular, it focuses on the time the massive tsunami encountered ships. AIS （automatic identification system）, which is required to be fitted aboard large ships for identifying and locating vessels, was used for the analysis of the navigational status of ships. It was confirmed that a group of ships sailing off the coast suddenly changed course. It was also verified that the ships had been struck by the tsunami, and the time of the strike was identified. The novelty and importance of this research are as follows. First, the behaviour of many ships that encountered the massive tsunami was clarified. There are no earlier instances of simultaneous and detailed recording of the behaviour of many ships encountering a massive tsunami. Second, the movement of the ships that encountered the tsunami was analysed, and the time of the maximum wave of the tsunami was verified. The research presents, for the first time in ship history, the status of a ship at the time of a tsunami using objective navigational data.
