如何让课文成为学生的“范本”

小学部编版语文教材体系特殊,分别由教师领读、学生自读、课外阅读,三部分内容组成。自读课文教学,着重培养学生阅读能力,帮助学生积极阅读文章,因此,本文通过研究,如何让课文成为学生的范本,以自读课文为具体的研究对象,针对自读课外阅读,提出对策,供老师参考。

披文入境,以情动人——统编版语文五年级上册第四单元情境化设计教学例谈

统编版小学语文教材按照双线结构进行编排:一条是"人文主题"线,另一条是"语文要素"线,较好地实现了工具性与人文性的统一,使语文教科书"范本"编排更显科学化。单元情境化设计是小学语文"范本"教学的重要特征,文章以统编版语文五年级上册第四单元教学为例,阐述在单元情境化设计下,如何以学生为视角,紧扣文本,拓展延伸,结合课后习题的设计,更好地把握人文主题,落实语文要素。

The Minimum Norm of Solutions of the Boolean Matrix-Equation A^k=J

Let A be an n×n primitive Boolean matrix. γ(A) is the least number k such that A k=J. σ(A) is the number of 1 entry in A . In this paper, we consider the parameter M ′(k,n)= min {σ(A)|A k=J, trace (A)=0} and obtain the values of M ′(2,n) and M ′(k,n) for k≥2n-6 . Furthermore, the characterization of solution of A 2=J with trace (A) =0 and σ(A)=3n-3 is completely determined.

Cooperative Differential Game for Model Energy-Bandwidth Efficiency Tradeoff in the Internet of Things

Internet of Things （IoT） refers to an infrastructure which enables the forms of com- munication and collaboration between people and things, and between things themselves. In order to improve its performance, we present a tradeoff between bandwidth and energy con- sumption in the loT in this paper. A service providing model is built to find the relation- ship between bandwidth and energy consump- tion using a cooperative differential game mo- del. The game solution is gotten in the condi- tion of grand coalition, feedback Nash equili- brium and intermediate coalitions and an allo- cation policy is obtain by Shapley theory. The results are shown as follows. Firstly, the per- formance of IoT decreases with the increasing of bandwidth cost or with the decreasing of en- ergy cost; secondly, all the nodes in the IoT com- posing a grand coalition can save bandwidth and energy consumption; thirdly, when the fac- tors of bandwidth cost and energy cost are eq- ual, the obtained number of provided services is an optimised value which is the trade-off between energy and bandwidth consumption.

Hot-compression behavior of Al alloy 5182

Hot-compression of aluminum alloy 5182 was carried out on a Gleeble- 1500 thermo-simulator at deformation temperature ranging from 350 ℃ to 500 ℃ and at strain rate from 0.01 s^-1 to 10 s^-1 with strain range from 0.7 to 1.9. The microstructures and macro-textures evolution under different conditions were investigated by polarized optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis, respectively. The basic trend is that the hot-compression stress increases with the decrease of temperature and increase of strain rate, which is revealed and elucidated in terms of Zener-Hollomon parameter in the hyperbolic sine equation with the hot-deformation activation energy of 143.5 kJ/mol. An empirical constitutive equation is proposed to predict the hot-deformation behavior under different conditions. As deformation temperature increases up to 400 ℃, at strain rate over 1 s^-1, dynamic recrystallization （DRX） occurs. Cube orientation { 100} （001） is detected in the recrystallized sample after hot-compression.

Purgatorio Primo： The Tractatus de Purgatorio Sancti Patricii

The Tractatus de Purgatorio Sancti Patricii （Treatise on Saint Patrick＇s Purgatory）, written approximately 1180-1215 for a monastic audience in England, is credited with being the earliest literary vision of purgatory. The description of purgatory in the work is basic to our understanding of it even today. The work quickly became popular and was copied in a number of versions, first in Latin for the clergy, and later in many vernacular languages. The Latin versions emphasize the religious aspects of the story, including homilies, exemplary tales, and testimonials unrelated to the basic plot, while the vernacular versions highlight the adventure of the knight Owein, downplaying or eliminating entirely many of the religious features and appealing to a lay audience who sought entertainment rather than edification. This essay considers the transformation of the Tractatus, particularly in two Anglo-Norman versions, one by Marie de France, the other by an anonymous redactor, on behalf of an audience that was becoming more familiar with romances and who craved them. Finally, the image of St. Patrick＇s Purgatory is so enduring that even today its reputed location in Ireland attracts tens of thousands of pilgrims annually.

Hot compression deformation characteristics of Mg-Mn alloys

The hot deformation behaviors of solution treated Mg-1.8Mn-0.4Er-0.2Al alloys were investigated by means of compression tests on Gleeble-1500 in strain rate range of 0.01-10s-1,deformation temperature range of 250-450℃ and a true strain of 0.6.The constitutive relationships among flow stress,strain rate and deformation temperature were described by Arrhenius-type equations,based on the fact that the material constants could be calculated under a wide range of strains.The results show that the flow stress of the experimental alloy decreases with temperature increasing and strain rate decreasing.Under the experimental conditions,the products of constant α and n in the constitutive equation are stable within certain strains,and the deformation activation energy ranges from 160 to 220 kJ/mol.It is proved that the values of calculated flow stress are close to the experimental results with average error of 2.01%.

Alteration of Crime Risk Levels and Formal Aspect of Typical LowCost Housing Design Due to Site Conditions and Building Codes

As a component of the process of rationalization, lowcost housing Institution, as well as major investiment companies, commonly reuse a typical design as a standard. The goal of this procedure is to obtain cheaper costs both in the construction and in the maintenance of an homogeneous lot of buildings. The paper shows that, nevertheless an identical design being proposed in different towns, the final results are buildings with a different aspect. This is mainly due to the influence of building codes of the urban plan of the specific town, and to the site conditions, such as street orientation, ground inclination and so on. As a result the paper offers the ability to evaluate the role of the external factors on a standard design （with the afore said scale vantages） under the criminological point of view as well. This may be considered a further vantage that aims to obtain a lower crime risk level in town design.

Demonstration of essentiality of entanglement in a Deutsch-like quantum algorithm

Quantum algorithms can be used to efficiently solve certain classically intractable problems by exploiting quantum parallelism.However, the effectiveness of quantum entanglement in quantum computing remains a question of debate. This study presents a new quantum algorithm that shows entanglement could provide advantages over both classical algorithms and quantum algorithms without entanglement. Experiments are implemented to demonstrate the proposed algorithm using superconducting qubits.Results show the viability of the algorithm and suggest that entanglement is essential in obtaining quantum speedup for certain problems in quantum computing. The study provides reliable and clear guidance for developing useful quantum algorithms.

An Upper Bound of Essential Norm of Composition Operator on H^2(B_n)

The authors give an upper bound of the essential norm of a composition operator on H2(Bn),which involves the counting function in the higher dimensional value distribution theory defined by S.S.Chern.A criterion is also given to assure that the composition operator on H2(Bn) is bounded or compact.

The internal efficiency in higher education:An analysis based on economies of scope

Among the studies of the internal efficiency in higher education,most have focused on the scale of university(the economies of scale),but little on internal operating efficiency in higher education,especially on the combined efficiency of outputs(the economies of scope).There are few theoretical discussions or experimental research on whether teaching resources are complementary with research resources,or whether resources in undergraduate cultivation are shared with those in postgraduate training.In the background of the resource scarcity,it is significant to study the economies of scope in higher education to realize intensive development of higher education.Based on the multiproduct cost function and the data of universities attached to the Ministry of Education,this paper attempts to deal with the complementarities of resources used in undergraduate cultivation,postgraduate training and research to find that universities produce these outputs without sufficient resource sharing,the diseconomies of scope in postgraduate training is highest.As far as the quality of teaching and research are concerned,diseconomies of scope of the outputs are great.The main reasons are as follows:poor distribution of facilities,teachers and books,overlapping internal management systems,and the current postgraduate cultivation model.Therefore,relative departments should take internal resource sharing in higher education into account when making the administration policy of higher education.

On fundamental groups of Finsler manifolds In memory of the centenary birthday of Professor S.S.Chern

In this paper,we study the growth of fundamental groups of Finsler manifolds.Some relationships between the growth of fundamental groups and the volume growth of universal covers of Finsler manifolds are found.Some estimates of entropies and the number of generators of fundamental groups of Finsler manifolds are given.Moreover,the quasi-isometry and the geometric norm in Finsler geometry are considered.

Clustered Hyperbolic Categories

We introduce a class of categories, called clustered hyperbolic categories, which are constructed from a categorized version of preseeds called categorical preseeds using categorical mutations that are a ＂functorial＂ edition of preseed mutations. Every Weyl preseed p gives rise to a categorical preseed P which generates a clustered hyperbolic category; this is formed by copies of categories each one of which is equivalent to the category of representations of the Weyl cluster algebra H（p）. A ＂categorical realization＂ of Weyl cluster algebra is provided in the sense of defining a map Fp from any clustered hyperbolic category induced from p to the Weyl cluster algebra H（p）, where the image of Fp generates H（p）.

Revised regional importance measures in the presence of epistemic and aleatory uncertainties

Two revised regional importance measures(RIMs),that is,revised contribution to variance of sample mean(RCVSM)and revised contribution to variance of sample variance(RCVSV),are defined herein by using the revised means of sample mean and sample variance,which vary with the reduced range of the epistemic parameter.The RCVSM and RCVSV can be computed by the same set of samples,thus no extra computational cost is introduced with respect to the computations of CVSM and CVSV.From the plots of RCVSM and RCVSV,accurate quantitative information on variance reductions of sample mean and sample variance can be read because of reduced upper bound of the range of the epistemic parameter.For general form of quadratic polynomial output,the analytical solutions of the original and the revised RIMs are given.Numerical example is employed and results demonstrate that the analytical results are consistent and accurate.An engineering example is applied to testify the validity and rationality of the revised RIMs,which can give instructions to the engineers about how to reduce variance of sample mean and sample variance by reducing the range of epistemic parameters.

Remarks on the Operator Norm Localization Property

The author studies the metric spaces with operator norm localization property. It is proved that the operator norm localization property is coarsely invariant and is preserved under certain infinite union. In the case of finitely generated groups, the operator norm localization property is also preserved under the direct limits.