机械分级在“荸荠种”杨梅中的应用

试验比较机械分级和人工分级处理的“荸荠种”杨梅分级效率;分级后模拟24、48、72 h快递运输时长,比较不同分级处理的果实果心温度、硬度和坏果率;并分析机械分级和人工分级成本。结果表明,在“荸荠种”杨梅日产量饱和前提下,1台分级机械相当于5.87个工人分级,机械分级与人工分级后模拟24、48、72 h快递运输时长的果实果心温度、硬度和坏果率差异不显著,说明机械分级对杨梅贮运保鲜效果基本无影响。此外,通过成本核算、效益分析和座谈,总结出年销售额20万元以上或每天销售量100箱以上的杨梅经营主体可考虑配置分级机械1台。

“早佳”杨梅在重庆地区的引种表现及栽培技术要点

“早佳”杨梅是浙江省农业科学院园艺研究所从浙江省兰溪市“荸荠种”杨梅园中利用芽变选育出的早熟新品种,2014年起,重庆市农业科学院果树研究所引种至重庆,开展引种观察和区域试验。结果表明,“早佳”杨梅在重庆地区树势中庸,成熟果实紫黑色,平均单果质量11.8 g,可溶性固形物含量13.2%,可滴定酸含量0.98%,可食率93.22%,在重庆低海拔区域5月下旬成熟,较“荸荠种”杨梅成熟期提早约7 d。“早佳”表现出早熟,抗病,耐高温,果实酸甜适中等特性,适合在重庆适宜地区种植。

方言“荸荠”“慈姑”的音和义

汉语各地方言中“荸荠”的名称繁多。利用“语宝网”资料,从中古音和现代汉语音的对应关系去考察,可以从中看到汉语词汇中语音演变的脉络。

硼锌配比对杨梅品质影响研究

以15年生"荸荠"种杨梅为材料,正交设计不同硼、锌配比研究对杨梅品质的影响,并通过可溶性固形物(Soluble Solid Content,SSC)、可滴定酸(Titratable Acidity,TA)、可溶性糖(Soluble Saccharide,SS)、维生素C(Vitamin C,Vc)等生理指标,对处理后的杨梅品质进行了综合评价,探讨硼锌元素的不同配比对杨梅果实发育及品质形成的作用。结果表明,与对照组相比,单施Zn组合中,单果重、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、Vc等含量虽有一定的提高,但无显著差异,说明单施Zn对改善杨梅果实品质作用不明显;单施B组合中,果实单果重、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、Vc含量都有一定程度的提高,果实内可滴定酸含量下降,果实品质提高,且单果重、可溶性固形物均差异显著;B、Zn组合中,与其他组相比,果实品质都有所提高,且与对照组差异显著。

Research on Genetic Diversities between Xiaogan Water Chestnut and Wild Chestnut by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technology

[Objective] The aim was to study the genetic diversities between Xiaogan water chestnut and wild chestnut with randomly amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） technology. [Method] Genetic diversities of the local cultivated water chestnut,wild chestnut,Lepironia articulata and Scirpus planiculmis Fr. Schmidt were analyzed by RAPD technology. [Result] Among the screened random primers 841,842,807 and 840,the polymorphism of amplification product of 841 was evident,and the obtained bands in electrophoresis were clear and showed good repeatability. Cluster analysis result showed that the affinity of cultivated water chestnut and wild water chestnut was nearer than that between Lepironia articulata and Scirpus planiculmis. [Conclusion] The research provides theoretical basis for cultivating high-quality new varieties of water chestnut.

Flowering Habits and Seed Setting Traits under Artificial Pollination in Chinese Water Chestnut(Eleocharis dulcis)

[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the crossbreeding method for Chinese water chestnut. [Method] The growth of Chinese water chestnut stalk and inflorescence was observed. Chinese water chestnut flowering law and stamen and pistil growth were investigated in an artificial pollination experiment. [Result] Stamens and pistils reached their full bloom stages when the flower stalk lengths were approximate 37.0 and 46.9 cm, respectively, with a height difference of 9.84 cm and time difference of 28.5 h; and 9：00-11：00 a.m. was the optimal period for artificial pollination. Seven hours after artificial pollination, pistils wilted rapidly. The seed setting rates under artificial pollination and a natural condition was 43% and 15.5%, respectively. [Conclusion} The time difference between the full bloom stages of stamens and pistils is crucial to the success of artificial pollination of Chinese water chestnut. The seed setting rate under artificial pollination is much higher than that under a natural condition.

Sequence Analysis of Type III Effector tccP and tccP2 Genes in Escherichia coli O157:H7 from Chinese Water-chestnut

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the type III effector tccP and tccP2 genes in Escherichia coli O157：H7 from Chinese water-chestnut. [Method] Gene-specific and locus-specific primers were utilized to amplify tccP/tccP2 and their flanking regions for sequence analysis. [Result] E. coli O157：H7 CWN11 harbored intact tccP and tccP2 genes, however, the number of proline-rich repeats in tccP gene was only one that probably resulted in biological incapability, whereas, the tccP2 gene consisted of five and half proline-rich repeats and could encode functional protein. [Conclusion] Here, we reported the first sequence of tccP gene that consisted of only one proline-rich repeat and tccP2 was assumed to play a crucial role in colonization and subsequent signaling cascades.

Effects of Phosphate Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Eleocharis dulcis

The effects of different application levels and species of phosphatic fertilizer on Eleocharis dulcis were studied. The results showed that the growth stage of Eleocharis dulcis was not significantly influenced by different levels of phosphatic fertilizer application, with phosphorus level in 195-375 kg/hm^2. With increasing of the phosphorus level, starch and total soluble sugar accumulated, but the yield was not improved significantly. The analysis on the economic benefits showed that the best phosphorus level was 195 kg/hm^2. The growth stage and yield of Eleocharis dulcis were not considerably influenced by different proportions of calcium-magnesia phosphate fertilizer and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. With increasing of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, big-fruit rate of Eleocharis dulcis kept growing, but the accumulations of starch and total soluble sugar were decreasing.

"荸荠"考

"荸荠"之名来自本指肚脐的"脖脐",这或许因荸荠的球茎形似脐突,或许因其匍匐茎象脐带之形。"脖脐"的派生义转指植物,形旁变成草字头,"荸荠"遂成为该义项的专用字。"荸荠"的"荠"读音与中古反切不合,读的其实是"脐"字的音;直到明代其正规写法也还是肉月旁的"臍"。