以“五三”模式吸收党史“营养剂”

走过百年岁月,中国共产党所进行的一切斗争、作出的一切牺牲,都是“为人民谋幸福、为民族谋复兴”的责任使命,开展党史学习教育紧紧围绕学懂弄通做实党的创新理论,做到学史明理、学史增信、学史崇德、学史力行。学党史不仅要与理论学习相结合,还要与“两学一做”学习教育、巩固深化“不忘初心、牢记使命”主题教育成果、“主题党日”“三会一课”等相结合,将学党史贯穿党内组织生活始终。党史学习过程中采取五三模式(“三感”并存,赓续传统写新篇;“三间”共享,爱岗敬业建奇功;“三讲”共振,筑牢堡垒涤心灵;“三为”铸魂,锤炼作风实担当;“三味”贯通,吸收党史“营养剂”)融会贯通,总结党的成功经验,用于指导实践工作,用心凝聚感召师生,让师生吸收党史“营养剂”。

党的七届二中全会蕴含的“营养剂”及其重要价值

习近平总书记多次强调,中国革命历史是最好的营养剂。党的十九届四中全会首次明确提出“建立不忘初心、牢记使命的制度”战略要求。1949年3月召开的七届二中全会是新中国成立前夕党召开的一次十分重要的会议,蕴含着促使全体党员、干部坚定理想信念、锻造优良作风、增强过硬本领、培养战略思维、培育群众观念的“营养剂”,充分运用其“营养剂”,是全面贯彻党的十九届四中全会精神之关键所在。

中国革命历史是最好的“营养剂”——为什么新时代青年要学习中国革命历史

习近平总书记从中国革命历史是最好的"营养剂",中国革命历史能够给人带来智慧,学习中国革命历史应把握科学的方法等视角,为新时代青年学习中国革命历史指明了理论上的必要性。历史虚无主义的多种表现形式决定了青年学生必须加强对中国革命历史的学习,以科学的革命历史观抵制历史虚无主义的侵袭。中国革命历史蕴含着"开辟未来"、"创造历史"、"攻坚克难"、"砥砺品行"等丰富营养,是新时代青年干事创业的不竭动力。学习中国革命历史,要在社会实践中把握正确的方法论,加强对中国革命历史的学习和研究,坚定中国革命历史的自信,坚持理论联系实际的马克思主义学风。

Effects of Tobacco-dedicated Plant Nutrition Regulators on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves

During 2012-2014,field trials were carried out in Huili County,Dechang County and Mianning County of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture to investigate effects of tobacco-dedicated plant nutrition regulators on yield and quality of fluecured tobacco leaves,aiming at providing reference for tobacco production.According to the results,in tobacco fields applied with tobacco-dedicated plant nutrition regulators,growth period of tobacco was shortened compared with control group;botanical characters（plant height,stem girth,the maximum leaf length,the maximum leaf width,internode length and leaf number） were superior to control group;after application of tobacco-dedicated plant nutrition regulators,yield,output value and the proportion of high-grade and middle-grade leaves were significantly improved compared with control group;moreover,flue-cured tobacco leaves exhibited more coordinated chemical composition.

Influence of Aluminum and Cadmium Stresses on Mineral Nutrition and Root Exudates in Two Barley Cultivars

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study the effect of aluminum （Al） and cadmium （Cd） on Al and mineral nutrient contents in plants and Al-induced organic acid exudation in two barley varieties with different Al tolerance. Al- sensitive cv. Shang 70-119 had significantly higher Al content and accumulation in plants than Al-tolerant cv. Gebeina, especially in roots, when subjected to low pH （4.0） and Al treatments （100 μmol L^-1 Al and 100 μmol L^-1 Al ＋1.0 μmol L^-1 Cd）. Cd addition increased Al content in plants exposed to Al stress. Both low pH and Al treatments caused marked reduction in Ca and Mg contents in all plant parts, P and K contents in the shoots and leaves, Fe, Zn and Mo contents in the leaves, Zn and B contents in the shoots, and Mn contents both in the roots and leaves. Moreover, changes in nutrient concentrations were greater in the plants exposed to both Al and Cd than in those exposed only to Al treatment. A dramatic enhancement of malate, citrate, and succinate was found in the plants exposed to 100 μmol L^-1 Al relative to the control, and the Al-tolerant cultivar had a considerable higher exudation of these organic acids than the Al-sensitive one, indicating that Al-induced enhancement of these organic acids is very likely to be associated with Al tolerance.

Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Defatted Mackerel Protein with Low Bitter Taste

Ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction was confirmed as a novel,effective method for separating lipid from mackerel pro-tein,resulting in a degreasing rate (DR) of 95% and a nitrogen recovery (NR) of 88.6%.To obtain protein hydrolysates with high ni-trogen recovery and low bitter taste,enzymatic hydrolysis was performed using eight commercially available proteases.It turned out that the optimum enzyme was the ‘Mixed enzymes for animal proteolysis’.An enzyme dosage of 4%,a temperature of 50℃,and a hydrolysis time of 300 min were found to be the optimum conditions to obtain high NR (84.28%) and degree of hydrolysis (DH,16.18%) by orthogonal experiments.Glutamic acid was the most abundant amino acid of MDP (defatted mackerel protein) and MDPH (defatted mackerel protein hydrolysates).Compared with the FAO/WHO reference protein,the essential amino acid chemical scores (CS) were greater than 1.0 (1.0 1.7) in MDPH,which is reflective of high nutritional value.This,coupled with the light color and slight fishy odor,indicates that MDPH would potentially have a wide range of applications such as nutritional additives,functional ingredients,and so on.

Effect of Sinai San decoction on the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats

AIM: To explore the effect of Sinai san decoction on the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis induced by CCL4 combined with a fat-rich diet in rats.METHODS: Twenty-seven Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups randomly: control group (n = 9),model group (n = 9) and treatment group (n = 9). The rats of model group and treatment group were given small dosage of CCL4 combined with a fat-rich diet, andthose of control group were given normal diet. After four weeks of fat-rich diet feeding, the rats of treatment group were given Sinai san decoction. The serum levels of aminotransferase and lipid were measured, and the pathology of livers was observed by HE staining after the rats were sacrificed at eight weeks.RESULTS: The rats' livers presented the pathology of steatosis and inflammation with higher serum levels of ALT and AST in the model group. In the treatment group the serum ALT and AST levels decreased significantly and were close to the control group. The hepatic inflammation scores also decreased markedly, but were still higher than those of control group. And the degree of hepatocyte steatosis was similar to that of model group.CONCLUSION: Sinai san decoction may ameliorate the hepatic inflammation of rats with steatohepatitis induced by small dosage of CCL4 combined with a fat-rich diet,but does not prevent the development of hepatocyte steatosis.

Why bortezomib cannot go with ‘green'?

Eat more‘green’or eat‘five a day’is one of the most important healthy lifestyle behaviours in the 21 century.Aiming to fight cancer effectively,more than half patients use vitamins or herbs concurrently with conventional anticancer treatment.Flavonoids or polyphenols existing in vegetables,fruits and green tea are common plant pigments with antioxidant properties and considered acting as cancer preventing or anti-cancer agents.Recently it was found that some flavonoids and vitamin C in diet or supplements have antagonistic effect with the anti-cancer drug bortezomib.Bortezomib is a specific inhibitor for proteasome and is currently used for treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma.Despite its successful rates in treating multiple myeloma and other solid tumors,it is unable to kill leukemic cells in the blood.It was recently revealed that some flavonoids and vitamin C present in green leaves and green teas in the blood can neutralize bortezomib by directly interaction between two chemicals.Here we summarize why dietary flavonoids should be avoided in patients who take bortezomib as chemotherapeutic drug.

Effects of Spraying Plant Nutrient, Slaked Lime and Pokeberry Root Powder on Cadmium Reduction in Rice

The pot experiment was carried out in this study to further explore the impact of plant nutrient, slaked lime, pokeberry root powder on cadmium （Cd） absorption by rice, and to screen practical agronomic measures which could reduce the accumulation of cadmium. In the control treatment nothing but water was sprayed into rice, while in other treatments, plant nutrient, slaked lime and pokeberry root powder were sprayed on rice at the tillering stage, the heading stage and the dough stage, respectively. The plant samples and soil samples were collected after the harvest and then analyzed on aimed indexes. The results showed that Cd contents in rice plants were significantly decreased, total Cd contents in brown rice were significantly （P〈0.05） decreased after rice was sprayed with plant nutrient, slaked lime and pokeberry root powder at different growing stages. However, while rice was sprayed with the three materials all at the tillering stage, the heading stage and the dough stage, the total Cd contents in brown rice were decreased by a maximum reduction that was 53.4% to 57.5% below that of the control, which was signifcantly （P〈0.05） lower than other treatments. Meanwhile, the biggest reduction of Cd inrice sprayed with the three materials at the tillering stage was 19.6% to 35.1% below that of the control, which was signifcantly （P〈0.05） lower than other treatments. In conclusion, spraying plant nutrient, slaked lime and pokeberry root powder on rice at different growing stages could not only reduce the absorption accumulation of Cd by root system, but also change the activities of rice and physical and chemical properties of soil, and then inhibit the absorption of Cd by the root system and the transfer of Cd in the rice plant. Therefore, the multiple factors may be the main causes of reducing Cd contents in the brown rice when the three materials are sprayed on rice at different growing stages.

Effects of Nutrient Synergist on the Yield and Quality of Sweet Corn

Objective] The effect of nutrition synergist was evaluated. [Method] The experiment was conducted to study the effect of nutrient synergist on the yield and quality of sweet corn as tested material. [Result] The result showed that during jointing stage, CropbiolifeTM nutrient synergist could increase the content of chloro-phyl and total nitrogen in the leaves of sweet corn by 8.45% and 4.22%, respec-tively; Compared with control, at harvest time the contents of VC soluble protein, crude protein in sweet corn fruits were raised by 15.68%, 8.45%, and 4.22%, re-spectively, and yield of sweet corn also increased by 12.89%. [Conclusion] The nu-trient synergist can improve the corn yield and quality.

Effect of Storage Temperature on Sensory and Physicochemical Properties of Wheat Flour Fortified with Elevated Levels of Vitamin A in Combination with Three Types of Iron

Many persons worldwide are deficient in micronutrients, two of the most common being vitamin A and iron. Fortification of staple food is a commonly used and effective method of boosting micronutrient intake. Wheat flour is widely used around the world and makes a good vehicle for fortification, but there is a lack of studies on the storage stability of fortified wheat flour. In this study, we fortified wheat flour with elevated levels of vitamin A and three sources of iron and stored it for up to 16 weeks at refrigerated or room temperature or elevated temperature. The rate of disappearance of vitamin A was monitored by high pressure liquid chromatography, and the rate of disappearance was fotmd to be directly proportional to the duration of storage and storage temperature. Higher temperatures contributed to greater loss of vitamin A. Iron, regardless of source, did not play a major role in contributing to the rate of vitamin A loss. Flour functionality was assessed by baking loaves of bread from the stored flour and assessing physical properties as well as subjecting the loaves to an expert sensory panel. Functionality also changed with time and temperature of storage, but sensory analysis found that these changes were not detrimental to the quality of bread baked from the stored flours. Trained sensory panelists found that breads baked from flours fortified with ferrous sulfate and stored at the three temperatures for times up to eight weeks were markedly different from fortified flours using hydrogen reduced irons.

Use of Natural Antioxidants in Meat and Meat Products

Antioxidants are used to minimize lipid oxidation. Antioxidants can act as metal chelators and free radical or oxygen scavengers, which can slow the progression of lipid oxidation. Lipid oxidation may have negative effects on the quality of meat and meat products, causing changes in sensory attributes such as color, texture, odor and flavor, and nutritional quality. Several synthetic antioxidants have been used to successfully prevent lipid oxidation in the meat industry, but consumers are concerned about the health risks related to consumption of some synthetic antioxidants. Therefore, there has been a growing interest in natural antioxidants. Nowadays, compounds obtained from natural sources such as grains, oilseeds, spices, fruit and vegetables have been investigated to decrease the lipid oxidation. In this review, the potential effects of natural antioxidants were evaluated that are widely used in meat and meat products.

Microcosm Study： Effect of Fe（II） Addition in Sawdust for Phosphorous Recovery from Eutrophic Aquatic Ecosystems

The recovery of phosphorus in eutrophic water bodies adsorption in sawdust can be promoted by Fe（III） oxide-hydroxides is important to ensure water and food security, phosphorus biofllms. The main objective of this study was to analyze the influence of iron addition in sawdust on phosphorus adsorption. The microcosm experiment was performed with water and sediment samples from a eutrophic reservoir located in Barra Bonita/SP. Three control flasks （without bags） and 18 others as treatments （with two bags filled with sawdust, with or without previous Fe（II） addition） were assembled. The addition of iron did not promote greater phosphorus adsorption, the sawdust without previous iron addition had a total phosphorus concentration of 49μg·P·g^-1, while the sawdust with previous iron addition had 14.4μg.p.g^-1. The use of sawdust for the remediation of eutrophic water bodies is interesting, especially considering the low-cost and possibility of reuse as fertilizer in agriculture.

System： Pattern of Phosphorus Sequestration in Different Depths of Sediment

The present study investigated potential effectiveness of certain chemical candidates for controlling internal phosphorus loading, and for delineating inactivation pattern in sediment depths of an eutrophic pond under simulated mesocosm condition. Chemical administration （@ 30 mg/dm3） resulted in phosphate precipitation from water column concomitant with inactivation in sediments, under specific pH range and/or redox regime. The alum-lime combination dosing wrought the maximum reduction in orthophosphate （65.6%） and soluble reactive phosphate （71.9%） in water plus the utmost increment in sediment-P （0.257 ppm）. The inactivated P forms typically exhibited a downhill concentration gradient with highest sequestration in the uppermost sediment stratum. Ironbound P displayed the highest mobility while calcium- and aluminum- bound P behaved almost immune to internal feedback dynamics. The combo-treatment was established as the most effective phosphate scavenging and confiscating agent, to be adopted as chemical remediation regime for de-eutrophication, restoration and rehabilitation of the water body.

Real and Legal Nutritional Alternative （e.g. Application of Free Amino Acids） to Replace Forbidden Doping Substances to Produce Excellent Sport Performance

Peformance enhancing drugs are widely used today in different sport fields, and therefore the successful anti-doping activity should be based not only on regular doping controls, but also it should show the real alternative： how to replace the forbidden doping substances with legal and effective supplements. The paper deals with application proposition of protein concentrates, free AA （amino acids）, HMB （hydroxy-methyle-butyrate）, creatine and camitine. If the athlete is involved in strength and power sport （e.g. throwing events in track and field, olympic weightlifting etc.）, the explosive and maximum strength is of primary importance. For strength athletes, these mentioned substances are those legal preparates, supplements, which can help effectively in performance improvement of sport results. The main reason is that using protein concentrates, AAs, HMB, creatine and camitine, the anabolic （and anticatabolic） effect will enhance the protein biosynthesis of the organism, improve the aerob and anaerob capacity of the athletes, activate and stimulate the own hormonal system. And the final result is creating higher loadability because of the faster recovery, and higher performance level on the competition. Of course, the athletes--as a minimum requirement--need an adequate nutrition （good balanced nourishment）, as well, with appropriate application and supplementation of all vitamins and essential minerals.

Effect of germination on the nutritional quality of Pearl millet

Changes in proximate composition, trypsin inhibitor activity, phytic acid, tannins, in vitro protein digestibility and amino acids content of Pearl millet were investigated after germination for 5 days. Germination significantly increased protein content of pearl millet, with a parallel decrease in lipid and carbohydrates. Trypsin inhibitor activity and the phytic acid content showed significant decrease whereas tannin content increased after 5 days germination. In vitro protein digestibility （IVPD） was significantly decreased with germination, suggesting that tannins may be responsible for enzymes inhibition. Amino acid analysis revealed significant increase in essential amino acids and none essential amino acids.

Functional lipidomics in patients on home parenteral nutrition: Effect of lipid emulsions

To investigate the fatty acid-based functional lipidomics of patients on long-term home parenteral nutrition receiving different intravenous lipid emulsions. METHODSA cross-sectional comparative study was carried out on 3 groups of adults on home parenteral nutrition (HPN), receiving an HPN admixture containing an olive-soybean oil-based intravenous lipid emulsion (IVLE) (OO-IVLE; n = 15), a soybean- medium-chain triacylglycerol-olive-fish oil-based IVLE (SMOF-IVLE; n = 8) or HPN without IVLE (No-IVLE; n = 8) and 42 healthy controls (HCs). The inclusion criteria were: duration of HPN ≥ 3 mo, current HPN admixtures ≥ 2 mo and HPN infusions ≥ 2/wk. Blood samples were drawn 4-6 h after the discontinuation of the overnight HPN infusion. The functional lipidomics panel included: the red blood cell (RBC) fatty acid (FA) profile, molecular biomarkers [membrane fluidity: saturated/monounsaturated FA ratio = saturated fatty acid (SFA)/monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) index; inflammatory risk: n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio = n-6/n-3 index; cardiovascular risk: sum of n-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) = n-3 index; free radical stress: sum of FA trans isomers = %trans index] and FA pathway enzyme activity estimate (delta-9-desaturase = D9D; delta-6-desaturase = D6D; delta-5-desaturase = D5D; elongase = ELO). Statistics were carried out using nonparametric tests. The amount of each FA was calculated as a percentage of the total FA content (relative%). RESULTSIn the OO-IVLE group, the percentage of oleic acid in the RBCs was positively correlated with the weekly load of OO-IVLE (r = 0.540, P = 0.043). In the SMOF-IVLE cohort, the RBC membrane EPA and DHA were positively correlated with the daily amount of SMOF-IVLE (r = 0.751, P = 0.044) and the number of HPN infusions per week (r = 0.753; P = 0.046), respectively. The SMOF-IVLE group showed the highest EPA and DHA and the lowest arachidonic acid percentages (P < 0.001). The RBC membrane linoleic acid content was lower, and oleic and vaccenic acids were higher in all the HPN groups in comparison to the HCs. Vaccenic acid was positively correlated with the weekly HPN load of glucose in both the OO-IVLE (r = 0.716; P = 0.007) and the SMOF-IVLE (r = 0.732; P = 0.053) groups. The estimated activity of D9D was higher in all the HPN groups than in the HCs (P < 0.001). The estimated activity of D5D was lower in the SMOF-IVLE group than in the HCs (P = 0.013). The SFA/MUFA ratio was lower in all the HPN groups than in the HCs (P < 0.001). The n-6/n-3 index was lower and the n-3 index was higher in the SMOF-IVLE group in comparison to the HCs and to the other HPN groups (P < 0.001). The %trans index did not differ among the four groups. CONCLUSIONThe FA profile of IVLEs significantly influenced the cell membrane functional lipidomics. The amount of glucose in the HPN may play a relevant role, mediated by the insulin regulation of the FA pathway enzyme activities.

Nutritional Composition and Topoisomerase Inhibitor Activity of Ethnomedicinal Marine Mollusk Nerita albicilla

DNA topoisomerases （topo） I and II are molecular targets of several potent anticancer agents. Thus, inhibitors of these enzymes are potential candidates for anticancer development. Traditionally, Nerita albicilla had been used in Kei Island, Southern Maluku, Indonesia to treat liver disease including cancer. The paper reports on the chemical composition ofNerita albicilla and its topo I inhibitor ofhexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts. Topoisomerase-I inhibitor activity was determined using the method reported by TopoGEN. The proximate analysis described that Nerita albicilla dried powder contained 12.45% ± 0.05% moisture; 9.17% ± 0.03% ash; 62.05% ± 0.10% protein; 5.58% ± 0.08% fat; 6.60% ± 0.02% crude fiber and 4.15% ± 0.24% carbohydrate （by difference）. Furthermore, the protein consisted of 11 essential amino acids and six non-essential amino acids. It contained significant amount of branched-chain amino acids （BCAA） valine, leucine, isoleucine （a total of 187.8 mg g-1 protein） and lower content of aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine and histidine （a total of 111.26 mg .g-1 protein）. The protein score was 92.2. The yield of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts ofNerita albicilla were 2.05% ± 0.05%, 1.56% ± 0.06% and 6.99% ± 0.14%, respectively. All extracts showed topoisomerase-I inhibitor activities. Minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） of methanol extract was 2.50 ug mL-1. Chemical screening of the extracts showed that they contained steroidal and alkaloid compounds. The investigation revealed that Nerita albicilla contains active compounds that could be potential for nutraceutical or pharmaceutical development.

中国共产党历史功能认知的三个维度论析

正确认知党史功能是树立唯物史观和正确党史观的内在要求。百年党史对中国共产党事业发展具有多重的重要功能。党的十八大以来,习近平总书记多次以“教科书”“营养剂”“清醒剂”等鲜明用语对党史功能进行形象化概括。其核心要义在于:从“教科书”维度看,党史是开创新局、创新发展的宝贵资源;从“营养剂”维度看,党史是践行初心使命、保持自身过硬的精神力量;从“清醒剂”维度看,党史是增进团结统一、应对风险挑战的警醒标志。这三个维度相互联系、有机统一,共同构成了党史功能的时代表达,为新时代发展中国特色社会主义以及推进党的自我革命提供了深刻启迪和强劲动力。

Effect of three cooking methods on nutrient components and antioxidant capacities of bamboo shoot(Phyllostachys praecox C.D. Chu et C.S. Chao)

Three cooking methods,namely boiling,steaming,and stir-frying for 5 to 10 min,were used to evaluate the effect on nutrient components,free amino acids,L-ascorbic acid,total phenolic contents,and antioxidant capacities of bamboo shoots(Phyllostachys praecox).Results showed that boiling and stir-frying had a great effect on the nutrient components and they decreased the contents of protein,soluble sugar,and ash,and caused a great loss in the total free amino acids(decreased by 38.35% and 34.86%,respectively).Significant differences(P<0.05) in free amino acids were observed in the samples cooked by different methods.Stir-fried bamboo shoots had a high fat content which increased by 528.57% because of the addition of edible oil.After boiling,the L-ascorbic acid and total phenolic contents were significantly reduced,while steaming increased total phenolic content by 3.98% and stir-frying well-preserved L-ascorbic acid(78.87% of its previous content).Results of the antioxidative property study showed that stir-frying could increase antioxidant capacities of bamboo shoots.It is concluded that stir-frying is more suitable for bamboo shoots because it could obtain the maximum retention of antioxidant capacities.