后开发区时代下的“营城”战略探讨——以海南澄迈县老城工业开发区为例

至2015年,中国开发区的发展已历经30年,而开发区作为特区的属性日益淡化,政策、资金等方面优势逐渐弱化,后开发区时代已然到来,如何实现转型发展是中国开发区面临的重要课题。据此,海南澄迈县老城工业开发区面对"为何转型、如何转型、转型目标"的问题,提出了"营城"的战略,即从开发区向充满活力的新兴城市和功能强大的现代化城区转型的发展路径,着力打造一座"现代滨海产业城市"。文章通过对其规划思路及内容的探讨,以期为中国开发区的转型发展提供新思路与新途径。

基于“营城-为人”的义乌市老城区风貌创新研究

在老城区有机更新阶段,如何在保证地区经济发展基础上实现“风貌延续”,已经成为相关学者重点关注的问题。在本次研究中,本文将结合义乌市老城区的实际情况,立足于“营城-为人”理念,对老城区风貌创新的路径进行研究,希望能对指导其他城市老城区有机更新实践提供支持。

Analysis on Aquatic Environment of an Artificial Lake and Control Measures to Its Pollution

[Objective] This study aimed to find out effective measures to solve land- scape water eutrophication. [Method] Based on an overview of the urban landscape water characteristics and pollution control situation, taking an example of the artificial lakes in a campus in Xi＇an, we comparatively analyzed the present pollution situation of Xiuyuan Lake and Mingyuan Lake, and provided controlling measures against eutrophication pollution, as well as restoration measures. [Result] All the indicators （TN, TP, Chl-a, NH3-N, CODMn） of the landscape water quality in both Xiuyuan Lake and Mingyuan Lake went severely beyond the Grade IV standards, presenting a state of heavy eutrophication. Nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrient salts carried by atmospheric precipitation and its runoff, as well as domestic garbage generated by human activities were primary exogenous pollutants of the artificial lakes. And the release of sediment pollutants was endogenous substances causing deterioration of water quality. [Conclusion] This paper presents some measures to control the pollution of artificial lakes, and provides scientific references for the construction, operation and management of artificial lakes, as well as maintenance of aquatic environment.

Controlling factors of high-quality volcanic reservoirs of Yingcheng Formation in the Songnan gas field

Predicting high-quality volcanic reservoirs is one of the key issues for oil and gas exploration in the Songnan gas field.Core,seismic,and measurement data were used to study the lithologies,facies,reservoir porosity,and reservoir types of the volcanic rocks in the Songnan gas field.The primary controlling factors and characteristics of the high-quality volcanic reservoirs of the Yingcheng Formation in the Songnan gas field were investigated,including the volcanic eruptive stage,edifice,edifice facies,cooling unit,lithology,facies,and diagenesis.Stages with more volatile content can form more high-quality reservoirs.The effusive rhyolite,explosive tuff,and tuff lava that formed in the crater,near-crater,and proximal facies and in the high-volatility cooling units of large acidic-lava volcanic edifices are the most favorable locations for the development of the high-quality reservoirs in the Songnan gas field.Diagenesis dissolution,which is controlled by tectonic action,can increase the size of secondary pores in reservoirs.Studying the controlling factors of the high-quality reservoirs can provide a theoretical basis for the prediction and analysis of high-quality volcanic reservoirs.

Architecture of volcanic sequence and its structural control of Yingcheng Formation in Songliao Basin

Yingcheng Formation is a set of volcanic strata composed of lava rocks,volcanic clastic rocks and sedimentary rocks,filled in some fault depressions in Songliao Basin,early Cretaceous.The study about litho-facies succession of Yingcheng Formation in the outcropped area of the southeast margin and in Xujiaweizi fault depression and its distribution based on analysis of seismic data,shows that the sequence of volcanic strata is quite different from the clastic sedimentary sequence.To study the architecture of volcanic sequence and its structural control of Yingcheng Formation in Songliao Basin,in this work,dividing of the volcanic sequence and dating of the sequence boundaries were finished firstly,then displacement and displacement rate of faults were calculated.The results show that,sample ages of top of the first member,the seconde member,and the third member are 127 Ma,115 Ma,110.7 Ma,respectively and sample age of the bottom of the third member is 114.7 Ma.The maximum displacement and displacement rate of the fault 1 are 3 km and 300 m/Ma,respectively,and those of the fault 2 are 3 km and 1000 m/Ma.Studies suggest that,the cooling unit of lava rock or pyroclastic rock is a basic genetic stratigraphic unit in volcanic sequence stratigraphy.Cooling units can construct a parasequence reflecting a volcanic eruption stage.A sequence was superimposed by some parasequences,responding to a volcanic active cycle.There are three types of volcanic sequences in Yingcheng Formation: type of explosion,type of effusion and type of mixed explosion-effusion.The surface of the volcanic sequence,an unconformity surface widely spread and traced in seismic profiles,is a base for analysis of volcanic sequence.The development of volcanic sequence was controlled by faulting,and the curves of fault displacement(rate)can reflect this control.The preservation of volcanic sequence was controlled by the type of volcanic structure and the regional subsidence,also different from that of the sedimentary.The type of volcanic structure of Xujiaweizi was a volcanic depression during the forming of Yingcheng Formation,and the breakdowns of volcanoes and structural subsidence were key factors in the volcanic sequences preservation.

The Role of Nuclear Regulators in Reviewing Population Growth Projections

One of the roles of nuctear regulators is to review population projections calculated by applicants for populations lying in the vicinity of nuclear power plants. This paper examines methods of calculating rates of growth and thus calculating future population growth. This paper is concerned about regulators making sure that nuclear power plants are not located near densely populated centers and that population centers located near nuclear power plants do not become densely populated. In the case of El Dabaa city in the north coast of Egypt, south west of the nominated plant site, three rates of growth 1.5%, 2.5% and 3% were identified. The first is the current population growth rate of the city, the second is the average national growth rate and the third is the expected growth rate of the city when the nuclear power plant gets constructed and operated. In all three cases, this city is a population center and rules of distance from the nuclear power plant shall apply. Thus the further natural growth of this city should be controlled and directed away from the downwind of the plant.

Nature and Operation of Kost Private Rental Housing in Urban Settlement Development of Jakarta, Indonesia

As one type of the highly sought after housing facilities in Indonesia, Kosts have formed unique heterogeneous living environment while also been a part of fast growing urban settlement developments in Indonesia＇s capital, Jakarta. This paper investigates the nature and operation of Kost private rental housing developed with various conditions and arrangements, as well as its position among other dwelling types, based on on-site investigations, literature reviews and statistical analyses. It is necessary to understand the development of Kost as it shows potentials to overcome the lack of affordable and adequate housing in the country. An accurate checking process during the application of building permit may early identify Kosts. Undefined standard of operation and arrangement may hinder improvement opportunities to its quality of services. Efforts to educate the community and easy access to related regulations are necessary for improvement and compliance awareness. Moreover, increased collaborative design and public education may improve the knowledge of self-builders on building design, planning and construction. Associations of self-organized housing and platforms offering affordable design services that meet the guidelines and standards are promising ootions.

Diagenesis characteristics and their influence on porosity and permeability of sandstone from Yingcheng Formation in Jinshan field

In order to understand the diagenesis and its influence on porosity and permeability of sandstones from Yingcheng Formation in Jinshan field,applying thin sections,casting and scanning electron microscope,the authors studied petrography,diagenesis,porosity and permeability of Yingcheng Formation sandstone reservoir. The results show that the reservoir of Yingcheng Formation is mainly composed of lithic arkoses. Sandstones experienced compaction,pressolution,cementation,metasomatism and dissolution. The primary pores of the sandstones are undeveloped; most of pores are the secondary pores,which are mainly intragranular dissolution pores in feldspar and debris. The compaction and cementation reduced the primary pores in sandstones,the porosity and permeability decreased; while the dissolution formed the secondary pores,resulting in the porosity and permeability increase. Due to compaction and cementation,the porosity and permeability are reduced with increasing of depth. There exists an abnormal enlargement of porosity and permeability within a depth range 2310--2450 m. In combination with analysis of petrology,the dissolution of feldspar and debris is most developed in the depth range. Therefore,compaction,cementation and dissolution are the important factors which affect the porosity and permeability of sandstones.

Chemical Criteria to Assess Risk of Phosphorus Leaching from Urban Soils

Soils from urban and suburban areas are normally enriched with phosphorus (P). Sixteen urban soils with a wide range of total P concentrations under typical urban land uses were sampled and analyzed for extractable P concentrations using water, sodium bicarbonate and citric acid. Meanwhile the soils were artificially leached in columns and P concentrations in the leachates were determined. With linear regression a two-stage linear relationship was found to exist between concentrations of P in the leachates …

Strategic Path for the Development of Live Pig Healthy Breeding Industry in China

The objective of study in the paper was to analyze advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and threats of development of pig healthy agriculture in China, using systematic analysis and SWOT strategic analysis, as well as to show severe diseases, abnormal fluctuation, misplaced way and versatile environment confronted by pig breeding in China. The paper establishes ＂double-hug mode＂, from which pig breeding industry transforms and upgrades to modern breeding industry. Combing with the designed multi-party cooperation mechanism of advantageous regions, urban sale areas and group corporations, it sets up three paths for development of pig healthy agriculture in China, i.e., strategic paths of advantageous regions, urban sale areas and group corporations oriented, with an attempt to provide strategic path reference for transformation and upgrading of pig breeding in China and mode reference for breakthrough of development strategy for pig healthy industry.

Small Land Promotion Through Their Culture, Language and Individuality： The Importance of Culture Heritage for the Community Development

Promotion is becoming one of the most commonly and intentionally used by local government element of marketing mix. It can be either internal （addressed to the inhabitants of the unit） or external （aimed at people who are not residents of the unit）. The subject of the presented studies will be culture promotion of the region. One of the areas of promotion, little appreciated in Poland so far, is culture and culture heritage which are of greater and greater importance for the regional development. Culture heritage can be a resource to strengthen the region and improve the conditions for economic growth. Culture goods constitute an important factor in the development of socio-economic region. They increase tourist attractiveness contributing to the development of tourism and agro-tourism in the area. The rich history, multi-layered and diverse culture heritage, both tangible and intangible, can be one of the main assets of raising the competitiveness of the given region in the country and the European Union （EU）. It should be assumed that in a market economy town or municipality operate in a manner similar to enterprise, they produce products and services offered to the internal market （municipality） as well as to external one （surrounding of the municipality）. Competitive conditions require the use of all tools to increase the effectiveness of the operation, including marketing tools. Being a marketing issue a product, which is offered by a city/town, can be considered in two aspects： first as a mega-product （i.e., a city/town as a whole）, second as a distribution of a mega-product for individual municipal sub-products. Presented concept of a product offered by a city in its two distinctions can be also applied to a municipality. Market-based approach in relation to territorial units is usually called ＂territorial marketing＂. Alternatively, they can be also called ＂spatial marketing＂ and ＂area marketing＂. Depending on the type of territorial units and the scope of marketing activities various concepts are used （e.g., urban marketing and municipal marketing）. Currently in Poland these concepts are generally related to basic units of the administrative division of the country namely to urban and rural municipalities. Therefore, for this type of activities one can suggest the term ＂municipal marketing＂.

Research Characterized the Physical Properties of Recycled Aggregate of Civil Construction Wastes

One of the big problems of the urban centres of the cities in Brazil is the growth of the generation of the Civil Construction Waste （CCW）. A disturbing concern for the public and private sectors is to find proper disposal of Urban Solid Waste （USW） in large cities, since suitable dumping sites for this waste are increasingly scarce due to the spread and development of large urban centres. In general, recycling is currently one of the procedures most studied by researchers for disposal of such waste. In this context and aiming a new application for recycled CCW aggregates, the research characterized the physical properties of the material to use in fill compaction piles in soil improvement. The analysis shows results from laboratorial tests executed in CCW recycled samples, which came from works in different construction stages from Recife-PE, and natural aggregate, adopted as a reference. Characterization tests were performed with samples CCW recycled CLue aggregates and samples of natural fine aggregate （stone powder）. The results of characterization tests showed similarities between the CCW samples tested and the reference samples, indicating that the civil construction wastes has potcntial use as material for consolidation piles in foundation works.

Assessment of Exposure to Toxic Metals through Food with Reference to Some Towns in Russia

In big countries, nutrition profiles and foodstuffs chemical contamination may differ significantly between different regions and even between areas within a region. Thus one should assess toxic exposure through food on not only national but also local level. We have developed and distributed a personal questionnaire for estimating average daily consumption of 44 types of foodstuffs, and for 12 of them-the percentage contribution of the main sources of supply. Depending on data analysis results, we choose the most important foodstuffs for determining their chemical contamination. We tested this approach in 7 industrial towns and found differences among them, as well as among children and adults, with regard to toxic exposure through food. People with a relatively high income consume more milk, cheese, meat, fish, poultry and fruit but less bread and potatoes than those with medium or low income. About 80% of consumed potatoes are grown locally and thus depend on each area＇s contamination. Although daily intakes of toxicants do not exceed WHO tolerable levels, their contribution to the total environmentally dependent dose is important. The approach developed by us can be used in epidemiological and risk assessment studies when they are performed on regional or local level.

Construction and Upgrade of Urban Power Grids:Achievements and Tasks

The significant achievements in construction and upgrade of China’s urban grids in the past two years and more are enumerated with respect to scale of grids, configuration of medium-and high-voltage grids, technical and localizing level of equipment, as well as social and economic benefits. At the same time, the new tasks for the year 2001 is put forth for volume of investment to be completed, projects progressing and operating benefit indexes, etc.

The Realization Condition of the Construction of the Urban Vagrants＇ Accurate Assistance System

The rescue work of our country is facing with huge moral risk, the problem that the waste and the lack of resistance resources exist at the same time commands the realization of the accurate allocation of assistance resources. Basing on the analysis of the characteristics and hazards of this population, the writer puts forward the suggestions to construct the urban vagrants＇ accurate rescue system with the relevant suggestions： perfecting the relief systern, fulfilling the basic functions of the relief management station, setting up an environment of sound laws and regulations. Take the temporary solution as the way and the permanent cure as the goal, not only achieve the resolve of the matter on surface, but also the matter of essence, enhance the overall viability of the urban wandering population.

External versus Internal Loads of Nutrients of an Urban Eutrophic Tropical Reservoir （Southeastern Brazil）

This study aimed to evaluate the external and internal fluxes of nutrients of an urban eutrophic reservoir （lbirit6 reservoir, SE-Brazil）. External loads were estimated in the tributaries （Pintados and Ibirit6 creeks） through nutrient concentrations and discharge measurements. Using Fick＇s law, internal loads were estimated in the reservoir from fluxes across sediment-water interface from nutrient concentration gradients between the pore water and the water. The Ibirit6 creek （urban sewage recipient） contributes with 72%-47% of ammonium （NH4^＋） and 100%-8% of SRP （soluble reactive phosphorus） of the total quantity entering the reservoir, whereas the Pintados creek （oil refinery effluent recipient） contributions are 20%-19% and 44%-100%, respectively. Despite the high external loads （130 and 2.2 ton-yr^-1 of NH4＋ and SRP, respectively）, internal loads （average flux of 120 and 2 mg·cm^-2yr^-1, respectively） correspond to 25% of the total external loads which may sustain a high productivity in the reservoir for a long time even if the external loads are controlled. The stocks of ammonium and SRP of the interstitial water （100 cm of sediment） would be released to the water in six years and five months, respectively, The release time would be extremely larger （〉 3,000 years） considering the stocks of total N and bioavailable P.

Rethinking Iranian Urban Housing -- A Review on the Housing Attributes under the Current Development of Tehran

Housing in the private sector in the metropolitan of Tehran in the past decades has been very much tied to the economical considerations, The current urban and building standards and regulations are believed to have very much contributed to the undermining the many social, environmental and visual potentials of the neighborhoods and to what we face today as congested apartment atmosphere where and the monotonous character of most of the neighborhoods as a result of the very same plans and regulations applied to their development namely the setbacks, land coverage ratios and floor to land area ratios with no regard to the very different characters many of these neighborhoods once had, either traditional and long-established or scenic and natural. The purpose of this paper is to briefly review the current state and trend of urban housing in Tehran and search for practical measures to improve the environment and character of urban housing in the city.

Methodology for Defining of Eligible Capacity for Wood Fuel Based Cogeneration Plants in Small Towns in Estonia

There is a high potential for small-scale and medium scale wood-fired cogeneration in Estonia. The purpose of this research is to define the eligible capacity for wood fuel based cogeneration plant operating on the base of district heating systems in small towns. Results were checked and approbated by economical and environmental factors. Two optimal sizing methods were used maximizing of amount of heat year-round while working at full installed capacity and maximizing of amount of heat year-round while working with partial loads. Results of defining optimal capacities for wood-fired cogeneration plants in small Estonian towns showed that method of maximizing of amount of heat year-round while working with partial loads is more adequate to real situation.

Nutrients and Trace Elements in a Pig Farm in Beijing： Chinese and German Recommendations

Emergence of Chinese economy together with the current Livestock Revolution in Asia have led to an increase of meat demands, specially pork that is reflected in the growth of commercial pig farms in peri-urban areas of Beijing, capital of People＇s Republic of China. In the framework of the International Research Training Group and of the Sino-Project Recycling of Organic Residues from Agricultural and Municipal Origin in China, the status quo of a large pig farm is researched. The first phase of the project was focused on a detailed description of the nutrients and trace elements contained in the main inputs （water, feed） and outputs （manure, wastewater） of the pig farm. The compliance with the Chinese national standards or often referred to as GB standards （in Chinese ＂GuoBiao＂） and, current German recommendations were included. The analysis of nutrients and trace minerals followed the natural structure of the pig life cycle, i.e., gestation, farrowing, weaning and fattening. The main results showed that the pig drinking water met the recommendations for livestock drinking water, ground water and human drinking water. Concentrations of Zn, Cu, Mn and As in the pig feeds samples displayed higher values compared to the Chinese and German recommendations. Average values of trace elements in the pig manure did not surpass the Chinese and German recommendations of biowastes, however, some manure samples showed excessive concentrations of Cd, Cu and Zn. Likewise, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn concentrations in the wastewater surpassed the recommendations for irrigation water.

The research on the standard and measure of the efficiency of the generalization performance of privatization of public utilities

The transformation of the development China＇s privatization of city public utilities？ vigorously promote the government function, however, the relative monopoly administrative operation system, functions decentralized system of government regulation and legal system construction is lagging behind, can making the privatization process easily lead to the emergence of efficient generalization, must be identified and avoided. This paper presents efficient generalization of privatization of public utility of our country city in measure, and analyzes the performance efficiency of the three resulting generalization.