Nowadays, KOU(蔻) is very popular among people of a new generation.KOU(蔻) is the transliteration of cute,at the same time,the meaning of DOUKOUNIANHUA(豆蔻年华) is activated.The paper is about the ancient meaning of ...Nowadays, KOU(蔻) is very popular among people of a new generation.KOU(蔻) is the transliteration of cute,at the same time,the meaning of DOUKOUNIANHUA(豆蔻年华) is activated.The paper is about the ancient meaning of KOU(蔻), the etymology and the meaning of catchword KOU(蔻).展开更多
Stearic acid (67.83℃) and myristic acid (52.32℃) have high melting temperatures that can limit their use as phase change material (PCM) in low temperature solar heating applications such as solar space and greenhous...Stearic acid (67.83℃) and myristic acid (52.32℃) have high melting temperatures that can limit their use as phase change material (PCM) in low temperature solar heating applications such as solar space and greenhouse heating in regard to climatic requirements. However, their melting temperatures can be adjusted to a suitable value by preparing a eutectic mixture of the myristic acid (MA) and the stearic acid (SA). In the present study, the thermal analysis based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique shows that the mixture of myristic acid (MA) and stearic acid (SA) in the respective composition (by mass) of 64% and 36% forms a eutectic mixture having melting temperature of 44.13℃ and the latent heat of fusion of 182.4J·g-1. The thermal energy storage characteristics of the MA-SA eutectic mixture filled in the annulus of two concentric pipes were also experimentally established. The heat recovery rate and heat charging/discharging fractions were determined with respect to the change in the mass flow rate and the inlet temperature of heat transfer fluid. Based on the results obtained by DSC analysis and by the heat charg- ing/discharging processes of the PCM, it can be concluded that the MA-SA eutectic mixture is a potential material for low temperature thermal energy storage applications in terms of its thermo-physical and thermal characteristics.展开更多
This work presents a method to solve the weak solubility of zinc chloride(ZnCl_2) in the ethanol by adding some reasonable water into an ethanol electrolyte containing ZnCl_2 and myristic acid(CH_3(CH_2)_(12)COOH).A r...This work presents a method to solve the weak solubility of zinc chloride(ZnCl_2) in the ethanol by adding some reasonable water into an ethanol electrolyte containing ZnCl_2 and myristic acid(CH_3(CH_2)_(12)COOH).A rapid one-step electrodeposition process was developed to fabricate anodic(2.5 min) and cathodic(40 s) superhydrophobic surfaces of copper substrate(contact angle more than 150°) in an aqueous ethanol electrolyte.Morphology,composition,chemical structure and superhydrophobicity of these superhydrophobic surfaces were investigated by SEM,FTIR,XRD,and contact angle measurement,respectively.The results indicate that water ratio of the electrolyte can reduce the required deposition time,superhydrophobic surface needs over 30 min with anhydrous electrolyte,while it needs only 2.5 min with electrolyte including 10 mL water,and the maximum contact angle of anodic surface is 166° and that of the cathodic surface is 168°.Two copper electrode surfaces have different reactions in the process of electrodeposition time,and the anodic copper surface covers copper myristate(Cu[CH_3(CH_2)_(12)COO]_2) and cupric chloride(CuCl);while,zinc myristate(Zn[CH_3(CH_2)_(12)COO]_2) and pure zinc(Zn) appear on the cathodic surface.展开更多
Seaweeds are one of the largest producers of biomass in the marine environment. It has been well known that marine algae, especially brown algae was a rich source of biogeinc compounds with antifouling potential that ...Seaweeds are one of the largest producers of biomass in the marine environment. It has been well known that marine algae, especially brown algae was a rich source of biogeinc compounds with antifouling potential that could be ideal alternatives of tributyltin （TBT）. In this paper, antifouling potential of the brown algae Laminaria ＇sanhai＇ was explored. Firstly, the dried alga was extracted and the antialgal and antilarval activities were investigated. The EC50 and LC50 values of crude extract of Laminaria ＇sanhai＇ against diatom （Skeletonema costatum） and barnacle larval （Chthamalus challengeri） were 8.9 μg·mL -1 and 12.0 μg·mL -1 respectively. Then, guided by bioassay, the bioactive substances were isolated by liquid-liquid extraction. The antialgal and antilarval activities of isolated fraction were improved with the EC50 value of 7.4 μg· mL -1 against S. costatum and LC50 value of 9.7 μg mL 1 against C. challengeri larvae. Identification by IR, Q-TOFMS and GC-MS of the isolated bioactive substances revealed the abundance of fatty acids. These fatty acids, most with 16, 18 or 20 carbon atoms, contained myristic, hexadecanoic, oleic, linolenic, arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids. The results indicated that both the crude extract and the isolated bioactive substances had high antialgal and antilarval activities with no highlighted cytotoxicity which made the brown algae Laminaria ＇sanhai＇ a promising source of the environmentally friendly antifoulants.展开更多
Malabaricone C （1）, isolated from the seeds ofMyristicafragrans Houtt., belongs to a kind of diarylnonanoid compounds that are only found in Myristicaceae till now. In this study, biotransformation of 1 was investig...Malabaricone C （1）, isolated from the seeds ofMyristicafragrans Houtt., belongs to a kind of diarylnonanoid compounds that are only found in Myristicaceae till now. In this study, biotransformation of 1 was investigated using rat hepatic microsomes for the first time and the main biotransformation product was elucidated as malabaricone B （2） according to the spectroscopic data. Further evaluation on human gastric cancer cell lines showed that the cytotoxic effects of malabaricone C and its metabolite malabaricone B were comparable to those of vinorelbine, with the values of IC50 of （42.62±3.10） and （19.80±1.70） μg/mL on NCI-N87, and （22.94±1.33） and （19.60±2.21） μg/mL on MGC803, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed that malabaricone B had significantly stronger cytotoxicity than the parent compound （P〈0.01 on NCI-N87 and P〈0.05 on MGC803）, which may indicate a bioactivation of malabaricone C by hepatic microsomes. These results suggest that malabaricone C has a simple biotransformation pathway by hepatic microsomes and provide valuable information for further investigation on both the parent compound and its biotransformation product as anti-gastric cancer agents or lead compounds.展开更多
It is believed that amyloid-βpeptide（Aβ）plays a central role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease（AD）.Thus,the process of amyloid precursor protein（APP）cleavage is a key event and has raised much attent...It is believed that amyloid-βpeptide（Aβ）plays a central role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease（AD）.Thus,the process of amyloid precursor protein（APP）cleavage is a key event and has raised much attention in the field of AD research.It is proposed that APP,β-andγ-secretases are all located on the lipid raft,and the meeting of them is an indispensable step for Aβgeneration.Endocytosis can lead to clustering of APP,β-andγ-secretases from separate smaller lipid rafts into a larger one.On the other hand,for myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate（MARCKS）,phosphorylation by protein kinase C（PKC）or interaction with Ca2＋can lead to its release from membrane into cytoplasm.This process induces the release of actins and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate（PIP2）,which are important factors for endocytosis.Thus,the present review proposes that MARCKS may be implicated in Aβgeneration,by modulating free PIP 2 level and actin movement,causing endocytosis.展开更多
Methyleugenol （1）, one of the main bioactive constituents of the seeds of Myristicafragrans Houtt. （family： Myristicaceae）, was incubated with rat hepatic microsomes from rats pretreated with sodium phenobarbital...Methyleugenol （1）, one of the main bioactive constituents of the seeds of Myristicafragrans Houtt. （family： Myristicaceae）, was incubated with rat hepatic microsomes from rats pretreated with sodium phenobarbital. Eight biotransformation products named （R）-l＇-methoxymethyleugenol （2）, 3-（3,4-dimethoxyphenyl）-l-methoxyprop-2-ene （3）, cis-3,4-dimethoxycinnamyl acetate （4）, trans-3,4-dimethoxycinnamyl acetate （5）, （R）-I hydroxymethyleugenol （6）, trans-3,4-dimethoxycinnamyl alcohol （7）, cis-3,4-dimethoxycinnamyl alcohol （8）, and （R）-3-（3,4-dimethoxyphenyl）-propane-l,2-diol （9） were obtained and their structures were elucidated by NMR and MS data analysis and by comparison with the previously reported data. The biotransformation of 1 may provide valuable information for the use of methyleugenol. The NMR data of compounds 4 and 6 were reported for the first time.展开更多
文摘Nowadays, KOU(蔻) is very popular among people of a new generation.KOU(蔻) is the transliteration of cute,at the same time,the meaning of DOUKOUNIANHUA(豆蔻年华) is activated.The paper is about the ancient meaning of KOU(蔻), the etymology and the meaning of catchword KOU(蔻).
基金Supported by the Research Fund of Gaziosmanpasa University (No.2003/42).
文摘Stearic acid (67.83℃) and myristic acid (52.32℃) have high melting temperatures that can limit their use as phase change material (PCM) in low temperature solar heating applications such as solar space and greenhouse heating in regard to climatic requirements. However, their melting temperatures can be adjusted to a suitable value by preparing a eutectic mixture of the myristic acid (MA) and the stearic acid (SA). In the present study, the thermal analysis based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique shows that the mixture of myristic acid (MA) and stearic acid (SA) in the respective composition (by mass) of 64% and 36% forms a eutectic mixture having melting temperature of 44.13℃ and the latent heat of fusion of 182.4J·g-1. The thermal energy storage characteristics of the MA-SA eutectic mixture filled in the annulus of two concentric pipes were also experimentally established. The heat recovery rate and heat charging/discharging fractions were determined with respect to the change in the mass flow rate and the inlet temperature of heat transfer fluid. Based on the results obtained by DSC analysis and by the heat charg- ing/discharging processes of the PCM, it can be concluded that the MA-SA eutectic mixture is a potential material for low temperature thermal energy storage applications in terms of its thermo-physical and thermal characteristics.
基金Projects(11304243,11102164)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2014JQ1039)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shannxi Province,China+3 种基金Project(12JK0966)supported by the Shaanxi Provincial Education Department,ChinaProject(2013QDJ037)supported by the Xi’an University of Science and Technology Dr Scientific Research Fund,ChinaProject(3102016ZY027)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of ChinaProject(13GH014602)supported by the Program of New Staff and Research Area Project of NPU,China
文摘This work presents a method to solve the weak solubility of zinc chloride(ZnCl_2) in the ethanol by adding some reasonable water into an ethanol electrolyte containing ZnCl_2 and myristic acid(CH_3(CH_2)_(12)COOH).A rapid one-step electrodeposition process was developed to fabricate anodic(2.5 min) and cathodic(40 s) superhydrophobic surfaces of copper substrate(contact angle more than 150°) in an aqueous ethanol electrolyte.Morphology,composition,chemical structure and superhydrophobicity of these superhydrophobic surfaces were investigated by SEM,FTIR,XRD,and contact angle measurement,respectively.The results indicate that water ratio of the electrolyte can reduce the required deposition time,superhydrophobic surface needs over 30 min with anhydrous electrolyte,while it needs only 2.5 min with electrolyte including 10 mL water,and the maximum contact angle of anodic surface is 166° and that of the cathodic surface is 168°.Two copper electrode surfaces have different reactions in the process of electrodeposition time,and the anodic copper surface covers copper myristate(Cu[CH_3(CH_2)_(12)COO]_2) and cupric chloride(CuCl);while,zinc myristate(Zn[CH_3(CH_2)_(12)COO]_2) and pure zinc(Zn) appear on the cathodic surface.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41376106)the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2016YFC1402101)the research program from National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service(No.2014AA060)
文摘Seaweeds are one of the largest producers of biomass in the marine environment. It has been well known that marine algae, especially brown algae was a rich source of biogeinc compounds with antifouling potential that could be ideal alternatives of tributyltin （TBT）. In this paper, antifouling potential of the brown algae Laminaria ＇sanhai＇ was explored. Firstly, the dried alga was extracted and the antialgal and antilarval activities were investigated. The EC50 and LC50 values of crude extract of Laminaria ＇sanhai＇ against diatom （Skeletonema costatum） and barnacle larval （Chthamalus challengeri） were 8.9 μg·mL -1 and 12.0 μg·mL -1 respectively. Then, guided by bioassay, the bioactive substances were isolated by liquid-liquid extraction. The antialgal and antilarval activities of isolated fraction were improved with the EC50 value of 7.4 μg· mL -1 against S. costatum and LC50 value of 9.7 μg mL 1 against C. challengeri larvae. Identification by IR, Q-TOFMS and GC-MS of the isolated bioactive substances revealed the abundance of fatty acids. These fatty acids, most with 16, 18 or 20 carbon atoms, contained myristic, hexadecanoic, oleic, linolenic, arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids. The results indicated that both the crude extract and the isolated bioactive substances had high antialgal and antilarval activities with no highlighted cytotoxicity which made the brown algae Laminaria ＇sanhai＇ a promising source of the environmentally friendly antifoulants.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30973863.81161120429)National Key Technology R&D Program of China(Grant No.2011BAI07B08)
文摘Malabaricone C （1）, isolated from the seeds ofMyristicafragrans Houtt., belongs to a kind of diarylnonanoid compounds that are only found in Myristicaceae till now. In this study, biotransformation of 1 was investigated using rat hepatic microsomes for the first time and the main biotransformation product was elucidated as malabaricone B （2） according to the spectroscopic data. Further evaluation on human gastric cancer cell lines showed that the cytotoxic effects of malabaricone C and its metabolite malabaricone B were comparable to those of vinorelbine, with the values of IC50 of （42.62±3.10） and （19.80±1.70） μg/mL on NCI-N87, and （22.94±1.33） and （19.60±2.21） μg/mL on MGC803, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed that malabaricone B had significantly stronger cytotoxicity than the parent compound （P〈0.01 on NCI-N87 and P〈0.05 on MGC803）, which may indicate a bioactivation of malabaricone C by hepatic microsomes. These results suggest that malabaricone C has a simple biotransformation pathway by hepatic microsomes and provide valuable information for further investigation on both the parent compound and its biotransformation product as anti-gastric cancer agents or lead compounds.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30701137)
文摘It is believed that amyloid-βpeptide（Aβ）plays a central role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease（AD）.Thus,the process of amyloid precursor protein（APP）cleavage is a key event and has raised much attention in the field of AD research.It is proposed that APP,β-andγ-secretases are all located on the lipid raft,and the meeting of them is an indispensable step for Aβgeneration.Endocytosis can lead to clustering of APP,β-andγ-secretases from separate smaller lipid rafts into a larger one.On the other hand,for myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate（MARCKS）,phosphorylation by protein kinase C（PKC）or interaction with Ca2＋can lead to its release from membrane into cytoplasm.This process induces the release of actins and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate（PIP2）,which are important factors for endocytosis.Thus,the present review proposes that MARCKS may be implicated in Aβgeneration,by modulating free PIP 2 level and actin movement,causing endocytosis.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.3097386381161120429)National Key Technology R&D Program of China(Grant No.2011BAI07B08)
文摘Methyleugenol （1）, one of the main bioactive constituents of the seeds of Myristicafragrans Houtt. （family： Myristicaceae）, was incubated with rat hepatic microsomes from rats pretreated with sodium phenobarbital. Eight biotransformation products named （R）-l＇-methoxymethyleugenol （2）, 3-（3,4-dimethoxyphenyl）-l-methoxyprop-2-ene （3）, cis-3,4-dimethoxycinnamyl acetate （4）, trans-3,4-dimethoxycinnamyl acetate （5）, （R）-I hydroxymethyleugenol （6）, trans-3,4-dimethoxycinnamyl alcohol （7）, cis-3,4-dimethoxycinnamyl alcohol （8）, and （R）-3-（3,4-dimethoxyphenyl）-propane-l,2-diol （9） were obtained and their structures were elucidated by NMR and MS data analysis and by comparison with the previously reported data. The biotransformation of 1 may provide valuable information for the use of methyleugenol. The NMR data of compounds 4 and 6 were reported for the first time.
