从“虫证”辨治小儿肠系膜淋巴结炎

"虫证"腹痛时发时止,易于反复,故对小儿肠系膜淋巴结炎患儿进行积极的预防调护尤为重要。小儿应进行适当的体育锻炼以增强体质,同时避免六淫外侵、饮食内伤,形成良好的生活习惯,以使正气强健,虫无所生;"攻虫"之后,应注重脾胃的调护,既可固护因"虫积"而损伤的正气,促进病愈,又可令中焦健运,从而杜绝生虫之源。

脾胃微观“虫证”从“湿”论治

提出脾胃微观“虫证”从“湿”论治的治疗思想 ,并以此丰富“脾胃外感”

Evidence for marine transgression between 7500–5400BC at the Luotuodun Site in Yixing,Jiangsu Province

Based on archaeological excavations, 217 samples were collected from the Luotuodun Site. Of them 63 samples from the section plane of the site layer were used for identification analysis of foraminifera, plant debris and seed fossils, and four samples were used for 14C dating and relevant analysis. Through many kinds of experiments, we have drawn some conclusions. Firstly, benthic foraminifera, such as Ammonia compressiuscula and Ammonia cff. sobrina, are found in the lOth layer, indicating that between 7500 and 5400 BC, i.e. before the emergence of the Majiabang Culture, Luotuodun Site and its nearby regions had ever experienced a marine transgression event. Secondly, we have found 450 plant fossils in this site, such as Polygonum sp., Scripus sp., Najas sp., Physalis sp., which indicated lacustrine or swamp environment.

Status and Prospects of Certification Procedure of Novel Pesticides against Major Cocoa Pests Sahlbergella Sngularis and Phytophthora Megakarya in Nigeria

Sahlbergella singularis （brown cocoa mirid） is responsible for over 30% yield loss of cocoa, while Phytophthora megakarya （causal organism of black pod disease） causes between 70-100% yield loss of cocoa in Nigeria. In all the Nigerian cocoa agroecological zones, the use of pesticides still remains an important component among the strategies for effective control of major insect pests and diseases of cocoa. The Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria （CRIN）, has the national mandate to evaluate and recommend novel pesticides from various groups that fall within the European-Union standards for use on cocoa farms in Nigeria. Such pesticides usually undergo rigorous testing spanning over 3 years to determine correct dose necessary to produce toxic reactions to the targeted pests without any adverse effects on the environment, man and non-target organisms. The screening exercise for candidate pesticides starts with confirmatory test of the constituent active ingredient, laboratory bioassay, phytotoxicity test, first, second and third year field evaluation and residue analysis of beans harvested from the treated plots. This paper critically examines these standard procedures, which must be followed judiciously for novel pesticides certification and recommendation for use in Nigeria.

Status, Impact and Management of Certain Alien Plant Pests Proven to Be Invasive to Thailand＇s Ecology

Introduction of foreign plants and animals into Thailand＇s ecology has a long history, some arrived accidentally and others had a purpose. As global commerce increases, the issue of invasive alien species has become more urgent in Thailand. These agents are increasingly seen as a threat not only to biodiversity and ecosystem, but also to economic development and human well-being. They reduce yields of agricultural crops, forests and fisheries, decrease water availability, cause costly land degradation, block transport routes and contribute to the spread of disease. It is clear that since trade will not stop, dangerous alien species need to be controlled and managed and the strategies and control measures are to prevent, eradicate, contain, or effectively control the invaders. Implementation of these measures requires appropriate legislation, regulation and procedures. The impact of some invasive alien pests and their management on the agricultural sector of Thailand are presented.

The oldest known larva and its implications for the plesiomorphy of metazoan development

There has been a century-long debate in evolutionary developmental biology about whether the ancestral metazoan was a larva or an adult. Two competing hypotheses have been proposed: the ‘‘terminal addition''theory, which assumes the primitiveness of larvae, and the‘‘intercalation'' theory, which assumes the primitiveness of adults. A consensus has not yet been reached, but the‘‘terminal addition'' theory appears to be more widely accepted. However, in contrast to the majority of larvae among living metazoans, all currently known fossil invertebrate embryos such as Markuelia and Olivooides are direct developers. Here, we describe Eolarva kuanchuanpuensis gen. et sp. nov., the oldest known larva, from the early Cambrian(*535 Ma) of South China. Eolarva kuanchuanpuensis lacks a mouth or any other type of feeding apparatus, which is non-feeding or lecithotrophic.It possesses a distinct body plan and might represent a cnidarian-grade animal. This is the first fossil evidence indicating that indirect development is the plesiomorphy of metazoan development.

Conflictive management of small mammals considered as pests： A long way to evidence-based policy making

This paper discusses the controversial management decisions made by policy-makers worldwide regarding poisoning campaigns aimed to control small mammal populations, often considered harmful economic pests. Aside from considerations re- garding the biological consequences of these campaigns, we argue that when society rejects all values of science and expertise then only badly supported and negligent decisions will be made about conservation and management issues. The extermination of small mammal species, some of which play crucial ecological roles in several regions of the world, is just an example of such discredit and misinformation. Without a strong commitment towards evidence-based policy-making, economic investments in re- search and development could be entirely compromised

Trace back the origin of recent insect orders——evidence from the Middle Jurassic Daohugou Biota

The Middle Jurassic Daohugou Biota has yielded very rich fossil plants, vertebrates, and inver tebrates. The particularly famous fossil insects are represented by at least 24 orders, revealing one of the most diverse Mesozoic insect communities. Among them, the occurrence of Emhioptera, Mantophasma- todea, and Siphonaptera increased respectively as supported by fossil evidence from Daohugou. Moreover, the early co-evolution of ectoparasites and their hosts may be analyzed by the presence of various giant fleas and the co-occurred potential hosts such as mammals, feather dinosaurs, and pterosaurs from Daohugou.

Evolution of the Southern Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass during the last 7 kyr from benthic foraminiferal evidence

The Southern Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass(YSCWM) is closely related to the modern circulation system of the east China shelf seas, which has significantly influenced regional marine environmental changes. The study of the Holocene evolution of the YSCWM will greatly improve our understanding of the mechanisms of regional environmental change. Benthic foraminifera are sensitive to bottom water environmental changes and can serve as useful indicators in bottom water environmental reconstruction. In this study, benthic foraminifera were analyzed in core N02 from the northwestern margin of the southern Yellow Sea Mud to decipher the phase evolution of the YSCWM during the last 7 kyr. Benthic foraminifera census counts and Q-mode factor analysis indicate that the Holocene sedimentary environment can be divided into three stages: From6.9–5.0 ka, the fauna was dominated by Ammonia ketienziensis, indicating that the YSCWM was at its strongest during the last 7 kyr, while the Yellow Sea Coastal Current(YSCC) had a weak influence on the bottom water of the study area. From 5.0–2.9 ka,the relative abundance of Hanzawaia nipponica remarkably increased while the abundance of A. ketienziensis decreased significantly, reflecting that the strength of the YSCWM was relatively weak and the range of the YSCWM might have contracted. The influence of the YSCC on the bottom water might have slightly increased, although its influence was still weak during this time. A notable increase in low-temperature and low-salinity species, such as Protelphidium tuberculatum and Buccella spp. has occurred since 2.9 ka, indicating that the YSCC has had a strong influence on bottom water during this period,while the strength of the YSCWM has been at its weakest during the last 7 kyr. Generally, the influence of the YSCWM and the YSCC on the bottom water properties of the study area show an obvious seesaw pattern, with one's influence increasing while the other's influence decreases and vice versa. The fluctuations in the strength of YSCWM during the Holocene may be caused by the different effect allocations of regional climatic factors(i.e. El Ni?o Southern Oscillation, East Asian Winter Monsoon,summer insolation in the northern hemisphere, etc.) acting on the circulation system during different periods.