如何设计商业模式——基于“行为-认知”视角的理论综述与整合模型构建

“如何设计商业模式”是商业模式研究的核心问题,从设计者的认知与行为互动视角可以较为全面地解答这一问题。在对行为视角、认知视角及“行为-认知”整合视角商业模式设计研究加以系统述评的基础上,从“认知引导行为”与“行为反馈认知”两个维度出发,构建起商业模式设计的“行为-认知”互动过程整合模型,最后给出了未来研究建议,对于推进商业模式设计研究具有重要理论启示。

“行为-认知”教学法在小学语文阅读教学中的实践探讨

我国新课程改革不断深入,对小学语文阅读教学也提出了更高的要求,传统的小学语文阅读教学方式已经无法很好地满足时代发展的需求。而“行为-认知”教学法能够突出阅读和语言环境的重要性,将其运用到小学语文阅读教学中,能够有效提升学生的阅读能力和水平。基于此,文章主要对“行为-认知”教学法在小学语文阅读教学中的实践应用进行了分析和探讨。

小学语文阅读教学中“行为-认知”教学法的应用

语文教育是一个需要循序渐进的学科,传统的小学语文阅读教育已经不适合新时代背景下的小学生学习习惯和素质发展要求,在这样的背景下,“行为-认知”教学法是从根本上可以改善学生不爱阅读,阅读能力低下的一种阅读教学方法。本文将从小学语文阅读教学现状出发,介绍“行为-认识”教学法的含义,分析如何在小学语文阅读教学中运用该方法,希望能给同仁们提供一些借鉴。

英语教师的乔姆斯基习得理论下的“行为—认知”教学法——大学英语教学的新构想

通过阐释"行为—认知"教学法的理论依据及它在大学英语教学中的运用,旨在让广大教师在中国现阶段高校的英语教学环境下了解"行为—认知"教学法,并且在这种教学方法的指导下提出具体可行的教学方案并落实到日常的英语教学中去。

“行为—认知”教学法在小学语文阅读教学中的实践

小学语文是义务教育的重要组成部分,小学语文阅读教学是语文教学的重点,其承载了培养学生人文素养、提高学生语文综合能力的任务。随着新课程改革的不断推进与深入,在小学语文教学中实施素质化教育已经成为了众多小学语文教学工作者所达成的共识。“行为-认知”教学是在小学语文阅读教学实践中行之有效的方法,其对传统的小学语文阅读教学模式进行了调整,最大程度地发挥了学生语文阅读学习的主观能动性。本文从“行为-认知”教学法的内涵特征出发,结合小学语文阅读教学的现状,对“行为-认知”教学法在小学语文阅读教学中的实践进行探究。

Psychological evaluation and follow-up in liver transplantation

An increasingly number of transplant centers have integrated a psychological assessment within their protocol for evaluation of patients being considered for transplantation.This paper highlights the psychological criteria for inclusion or exclusion for listing,briefly discusses the psychological dynamics of patients,and addresses possible psychotherapy and pharmacological therapy,before and after transplant.

Individual Care Pathways in the Context of Complex Therapeutic System--Therapeutic Model and Case Report

A complex multifactorial therapeutic system was established and developed during the past three years. Here present the basic approach and the individualized therapeutic strategies of this therapeutic system by examples of specific case reports. The aim of the study is to point out to the real mission of our outpatient care, namely psycho-social reintegration that is achieved by a therapy with a unique pattern. Case reports： 1. A 59-year-old female patient suffering from psychosomatic muscular tension, which started two years ago. After a partially effective cognitive-behavioral therapy a severe traumatic event in the patient＇s past in connection with the symptoms was revealed, then the trauma was processed via psychodynamic approach. 2. A 56-year-old female patient suffering from psychosomatic symptoms and depression went through a therapeutic healing process, which focused on the development and maturation of her personality （from a ＂child＂ to an ＂adult＂）. Conclusion： All the processes of the complex group-centered dynamic therapy proved more effective compared to the classic static relationship between the psychiatrist and the patient. The multifocal therapy is appreciated more and more in parallel to the experiences gained, making it easier to establish and strengthen the therapeutic alliance. The patients have positive feelings about the help given and the possibilities offered. The author＇s therapeutic team is appreciated by the patients and they regard the author＇s center as a peaceful location of their lives being under cover, where voluntarily and willingly they can participate in the individualized therapy with great success.

Interventional effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer patients: A systematic review

Objective:To evaluate the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer patients.Methods:Computer search for CNKI,VIP,Wanfang database,CBM,PubMed,Embase,CINAHL,The Cochrane library as of 2019 randomized controlled trials on October 20 for cognitive behavioral therapy intervention for breast cancer due to fatigue.Results:A total of 6 RCTs were included,472 patients.Cognitive Behavioral Therapy has a strong effect on cancer related fatigue compared with the usual care[SMD=-1.19,95%CI(-1.86,-0.53),P=0.0004].Results:Available evidence suggests that CBT can alleviate cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer patients,and the above studies still need to continue to conduct relevant studies for validation.

Web-based cognitive interventions on subjective cognitive impairment in cancer survivors:A systemic review

Objective:Cancer survivors have experienced subjective cognitive impairment(SCI)when they received cancer diagnoses or treatments.Their psychosocial and emotional statuses were also impacted.With the advancement of web technologies,web-based cognitive interventions have been implemented in the management and the alleviation of the SCI,the psychosocial distress,and the emotional distress in cancer survivors.This review aimed to summarize the intervention contents of web-based cognitive interventions for SCI,and to explore the effects of the interventions on SCI,psychosocial status,and emotional health.Methods:Six databases(CINAHL Plus,Cochrane Library,Embase,APA PsycInfo,PubMed and CNKI)were searched from the establishment of databases up to December 2023.Literature references were also manually searched for related articles.Results:This review contained 21 studies that covered the contents of web-based cognitive interventions,such as computer-assisted cognitive training,online cognitive rehabilitation,cognitive behavior therapy with the Internet,telehealth physical exercise,and web-based mindfulness interventions.The effects of web-based cognitive interventions positively impacted SCI for cancer survivors.Also,these interventions showed varying degrees of effectiveness in alleviating psychosocial and emotional distresses.Conclusion:By summarizingfive types of cognitive intervention contents delivered via web technology,this review demonstrated that web-based cognitive interventions optimized SCI and overall psychosocial and emotional statuses for the cancer survivors.It is recommended that future research focus on the development of customized web-based cognitive interventions for individuals with SCI,along with their psychosocial and emotional statuses.

APPLICATION OF HUMAN COGNITIVE MODEL FOR TIME DEPENDENT OPERATOR BEHAVIOR IN CHINESE NPP

This paper discusses some issues on human reliability model of time dependent human behavior. Some results of the crew reliability experiment on Tsinghua training simulator in China are given, Meanwhile, a case of calculation for human error probability during anticipated transient without scram (ATWS) based on the data drew from the recent experiment is offered.

The impact of synapsins on synaptic plasticity and cognitive behaviors

Synapsins are a family of phosphoproteins specifically associated with the cytoplasmic surface of the synaptic vesicle membrane, appearing to regulate neurotransmitter release, the formation and maintenance of synaptic contacts. They could induce the change of the synaptic plasticity to regulate various adaptation reactions, and change the cognitive behaviors. So we presume that if some cognitive behavior are damaged, synapsins would be changed as well. This gives us a new recognition of better diagnosis and therapy of cognitive disorder desease.

Religion as Conscious Cognition and Behavior

Cognitive and behavioral research on religion has focused most in the last years on aspects which could be deemed ＂unconscious＂： inner mechanisms, innate patterns, or hidden cognitive structures broadly shared by humans. Very often, the ongoing research programs resort to computational models of mind in which the conscious side of that experience is mainly ignored. It becomes urgent to fill in the perceived gap, suggesting some lines of study that are able to account for the conscious dimensions of religion. An opportunity is offered by the new paths recently opened by extensive experimental research on conscious aspects of human experience and the value that leads authors to attribute to these features. Seizing on this opportunity, the paper reviews the state of the question and the available literature on conscious and unconscious aspects of mind and behavior. Taking it a step further, the paper tries to apply these general principles to the specific study of religious mind and behavior. Furthermore, some lines for future research are proposed as a result of the suggested program.

An Analysis of the Cognitive Constraints of Parody in the Context of Network Media

The language used in the context of network media features variation, flexibility, and comprehensiveness, in which parody is one of the most employed devices. Modern cognitive science prefers to take parody as a cognitive act rather than a sheer linguistic modification act, which has provided a new prospective for further research about parody in the context of network media. This paper aims to probe into the cognitive constraints in the mechanism of parody in the context of network media, in hope to make a detailed explanation of the cognitive process of it and to strengthen the comprehension and appreciation of it.

Driving rule extraction based on cognitive behavior analysis

In order to make full use of the driver’s long-term driving experience in the process of perception, interaction and vehicle control of road traffic information, a driving behavior rule extraction algorithm based on artificial neural network interface(ANNI) and its integration is proposed. Firstly, based on the cognitive learning theory, the cognitive driving behavior model is established, and then the cognitive driving behavior is described and analyzed. Next, based on ANNI, the model and the rule extraction algorithm(ANNI-REA) are designed to explain not only the driving behavior but also the non-sequence. Rules have high fidelity and safety during driving without discretizing continuous input variables. The experimental results on the UCI standard data set and on the self-built driving behavior data set, show that the method is about 0.4% more accurate and about 10% less complex than the common C4.5-REA, Neuro-Rule and REFNE. Further, simulation experiments verify the correctness of the extracted driving rules and the effectiveness of the extraction based on cognitive driving behavior rules. In general, the several driving rules extracted fully reflect the execution mechanism of sequential activity of driving comprehensive cognition, which is of great significance for the traffic of mixed traffic flow under the network of vehicles and future research on unmanned driving.

Research on the Current Foreign State of Interact Public Opinion

This paper analyzes the current situation of the research on Intemet public opinion from the four aspects of the dissemination and evolution of network public opinion, detection and control, audience cognitive behavior and group polarization, in order to provide a reference for the research of network public opinion in China.

Mathematical Modeling and Computational Semiotics： Methodological Approach to Formalization of Semiotic Concepts

This paper aims to conduct a research on the state of the art of artificial intelligence techniques to investigate the relationships between cognitive actions addressed in steps of mathematical modeling and computational semiotics activities. It also briefly reviews the main techniques of artificial intelligence, with particular emphasis on intelligent systems techniques. Such analysis uses semiotic concepts in order to identify the use of new techniques for modeling intelligent systems through the integrated use of mathematical and computational tools. At last, once understood that semiotics can bring contributions to the study of intelligent systems, a methodology for modeling computational semiotics based on the semiotic concepts formalization extracted from the semiotic theory of Charles Sanders Peiree is proposed.

Pointing gesture in a bird- merely instrumental or a cognitively complex behavior？

Gestures, particularly pointing, are regarded as important pre-speech acts. Intentional and referential pointing has been shown previously in humans and apes but not in songbirds, although some avian species show cognitive abilities rivaling those of apes, and their brain structures and functions show putative preconditions for referential gestural signaling （i.e. mirror neurons, links of vocal learning nuclei to discrete brain areas active during limb and body movements）. The results reported are based on trials testing predator detection and responses to a taxidermic model of a wedge-tailed eagle by Australian magpies Gymnorhina tibicen. Magpies were subjected to three conditions of finding this model in their territory （open, sheltered and hidden）. In the sheltered and bidden conditions, the discoverer simultaneously engaged in alarm calls and beak pointing, a behavior that has not been described previously. Other group members at once assembled and, after watching the first bird, adopted the same posture by pointing to the location of the intruder. The question is whether beak and body movements orienting towards important stimuli or events are instances of arousal, imitation or intentional communication. The latter presupposes that onlookers interpret the signal and respond by altering their own behavior appropriate to the original stimulus and not merely by imitating the first signaler. Evidence presented here indicates that the act of pointing may well be a complex cognitive behavior, i.e., an intentional and referential signal, showing that pointing is not limited to having hands and arms [Current Zoology 57 （4）： 453-467, 2011].

Clinical Study on Treatment of the Earthquake-caused Post-traumatic Stress Disorder by Cognitive-behavior Therapy and Acupoint Stimulation

Objective： To study the curative effect of acupoint stimulation on the earthquake-caused post-traumatic stress disorder （PTSD）. Methods： The 91 PTSD patients in Wenchuan hit by a strong earthquake were randomly divided into a control group of 24 cases treated by the cognitive-behavior therapy, and a treatment group of 67 cases treated by both cognitive-behavior therapy and acupoint stimulation. The scores were evaluated according to Chinese version of the incident effect scale revised （IES-R） and the self-compiled questionnaire for the major post-traumatic psychological condition, and the curative effect was compared between the two groups. Results： The total scores of IES-R, the scores of all factors and the total scores of the questionnaire in the two groups after treatment were much lower than those before treatment （P〈0.01）. The comparison of reduction in the factor scores between the two groups showed that the curative effect inthe treatment group was better that of in the control group. Conclusion： The acupoint stimulation is effective for the PTSD patients, with better results than that of cognitive-behavior therapy used alone

Discussion of the promising effect of electroacupuncture on cognitive improvement in D-galactose-induced aging rats based on NLRP3-ASC-Caspase-1 signaling pathway

Objective:To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture(EA)on cognitive function in D-galactose(D-gal)-induced aging rats,and the correlation between the effect and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)-ASC-Caspase-1 signaling pathway.Methods:Forty-six male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into a control group(n=10),a model group(n=12),an EA-7 d group(n=12)and an EA-21 d group(n=12).Except the control group,the other three groups received 42 consecutive days of intraperitoneal injection of D-gal to establish aging rat models with cognitive dysfunction.The control group received the same amount of normal saline via intraperitoneal injection.Two EA groups were given EA therapy for 21 consecutive days(began from the 22nd day of modeling)or 7 consecutive days(began from the 36th day of modeling)accordingly at Dazhui(GV 14),Baihui(GV 20),Shenshu(BL 23)and Zusanli(ST 36).After modeling/intervention,all four groups received behavioral evaluations by Morris water maze(MWM)test,novel object recognition(NOR)test and step-down passive avoidance(SDPA)test followed by the Western blot(WB)detection of the expression levels of hippocampal NLRP3 inflammasome-associated proteins NLRP3,ASC and Caspase-1.Results:MWM(place navigation test,PNT)results showed that the escape latency in the model group was significantly longer than that in the other three groups(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference among the other three groups on the 1st day of the test(P>0.05).From the 2nd day to the 4th day of the test,there was no significant difference between the EA-21 d group and the control group(P>0.05)in the escape latency;the escape latency was significantly shorter in the EA-21 d group than in the model group and the EA-7 d group(P<0.05).MWM(spatial probe test,SPT)results showed that the time spent in the target quadrant was significantly shorter and platform crossover number was significantly lower in the model group than in the other three groups(P<0.05).The time spent in the target quadrant was longer in the EA-7 d group than in the model group(P<0.05),but was shorter than that in the control group and the EA-21 d group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the swimming speed among the four groups(P>0.05).NOR results showed that there was no significant difference in the recognition ratio between the EA-7 d group and the EA-21 d group(P>0.05),and the recognition ratio was significantly higher in the two EA groups than in the model group(P<0.05),but was lower than in the control group(P<0.05).SDPA results showed that the electric shock number was higher in the model group than in the other three groups(P<0.05),and the differences among the other three groups were statistically insignificant(P>0.05).The model group had the shortest step-down latency,followed by the EA-7 d group,the EA-21 d group and the control group in order(P<0.05).The WB results indicated that the expression level of NLRP3 was significantly lower in the control group and the EA-21 d group than in the model group and the EA-7 d group(P<0.05).The expression levels of ASC and Caspase-1 were significantly higher in the model group than in the other three groups(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference among these three groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:NLRP3 inflammasome may be involved in the development of cognitive decline in aging rats;7 consecutive days of EA intervention can partially improve the cognitive impairment in aging rats though the effect is rather limited;21 consecutive days of EA intervention may improve the learning and memory abilities in aging rats via downregulating the expression levels of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated proteins in hippocampus.

LEARNING THEORIES AND SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING

This article critically examines three most influential learning theories that underlie the instruction and learning environments in second language learning (SLL). Evaluation follows the description of each theory. The point is to understand the impacts of different theories on second language learning. The paper argues that an integrated approach, which combines the three theories, is needed.