南朝“行事”考

"行事"是南朝地方行政制度中一项特殊的设置,产生于东晋末年,在刘宋初年已出现相对固定的称呼。它除"行府州事"之外,还有"行郡事"、"行国事"等类型,与以前的"行某官(事)"及北朝的"行某州事"有明显的区别。"行事"是在南朝出镇宗王普遍年幼的情况下设置的,对出镇幼王兼有辅佐和防范的职能。"行事"的设置,对皇权具有两面性的影响。

“便宜行事”与中央集权——以南宋川陕宣抚处置司的运行为中心

建炎三年五月至绍兴三年,南宋在川陕地区设置宣抚处置司,以张浚为川陕宣抚处置使,赋予川陕宣抚处置司“便宜行事”的权力,导致地方权力强大,触及中央集权统治。川陕宣抚处置司“便宜”之权的授予、运作、废除的过程,为我们提供了一个认识南宋中央集权体制下地方行政运行的绝佳个案,从中展现出了南宋中央与地方之间权力互动的演变轨迹。

《四分律行事钞批》引《说文》考

汉译佛经注疏,在浩如烟海的佛经语料之中,属于独特的知识挖掘标注类型。勘正佛经注疏中的讹误,对深化佛典注疏的研究工作有积极意义。该文以唐代汉译佛经注疏《四分律行事钞批》引《说文》的内容为考察对象,利用出土文献和传世文献,考证梳理了《四分律行事钞批》中的11处讹误,讨论了其异文形成的可能原因。

金朝后期行省官制考

金朝后期设置的行省,由其最高长官行省事开府置官。行省机构职官有行政机构左右司职官、军事职官、监察御史等。行省事通常需要具有中央尚书省宰执身份,其职掌包括军事事务和地方行政事务两方面,体现出行省官制极强的军政合一性。其中行省行政机构的设置,为行省最终转化为地方统治机构奠定了基础。

Selection of optimal U-turn locations for indirect driveway left-turn treatments on urban streets

The location of U-turn bays is an important consideration in indirect driveway left-turn treatments.In order to improve the performance of right-turns followed by U-turns（RTUTs）,this study evaluates the impacts of the separation distances between driveway exits and downstream U-turn locations on the safety and operational performance of vehicles making RTUTs.Crash data are investigated at 179 selected roadway segments,and travel time data are measured using video cameras at 29 locations in the state of Florida,USA.Crash rate models and travel time models are developed based on data collected in the field.It is found that the separation distance between driveway exits and downstream U-turn locations significantly impacts the safety and operational performance of vehicles making right turns followed by U-turns.Based on the research results,the minimum and optimal separation distances between driveways and U-turn locations under different roadway conditions are determined to facilitate driver use of RTUTs.The results of this study can be used for future intersection improvement projects in China.

Relationship between number of passing events and operating parameters in mixed bicycle traffic

This paper investigates the passing events between electric bicycles and conventional bicycles and explores the relationships between passing events and traffic parameters in bicycle facilities.Three exclusive bicycle paths in Nanjing, China,were observed with cameras.Then,the field data including vehicle number,velocity characteristics and passing event features were analyzed in detail.Data analysis and fitting reveal that the speed difference has little impact on the passing event number,as does the bicycle ratio.The Gaussian function can better describe the relationship between the passing event number and bicycle volume （density）.The valid use level of bicycle path width influences the inflexion of the passing events-density fitting curve.The conclusions can be applied for estimating the passing events in mixed bicycle flows and for choosing a suitable width of separate bicycle path.

Coordination of Urbanization and Water Ecological Environment in Shayinghe River Basin,China

During the rapid industrialization and urbanization of China,urban agglomeration in river basin areas raises the problems of over-use of water resources and pollution of the water environment.Related research in China has mainly focused on the conflicts among economic growth,urban expansion and water resource shortages within admin-istrative boundaries.However,water environments are much more dependent on their physical boundaries than their administrative boundaries.Consistent with the nature of water environment,this study aims at analyzing coordination relationships between urban development and water environment changes within physical river basin boundaries.We chose the Shayinghe River Basin,China,as our case study area which is facing serious challenges related to water en-vironment protection.Then we classified 35 county-level administrative units into upstream,midstream and down-stream regions based on their physical characteristics;analyzed the coordination degree of urban agglomeration using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method;and constructed cooperative models using the Linear Programming (LP function) to simulate four scenarios of the coordination relationship be-tween urban population increase and water environment protection based on existing water resources and water pollu-tion data.The results show that the present coordinative situation in Shayinghe River Basin is not sustainable.In gen-eral,more than 50% administrative units are in the bad coordinative situation.In particular,the downstream region is under worse condition than the upstream and midstream regions.Cooperative models in scenario analyses indicate that the population scale set in existing urban master plannings is not coordinated with the water environment protection.To reach the goal of regional sustainable development,the total population needs to be controlled such that it will re-main at 4.5×10 7 or below by 2020 given the capacity of water environment.

Nested Transaction Concurrency Control in Parallel Real-Time Dat-abases

An integrated method for concurrency control in parallel real-time databases has been proposed in this paper. The nested transaction model has been investigated to offer more atomic execution units and finer grained control within in a transaction. Based on the classical nested locking protocol and the speculative concurrency control approach, a two-shadow adaptive concurrency control protocol, which combines the Sacrifice based Optimistic Concurrency Control (OPT-Sacrifice) and High Priority two-phase locking (HP2PL) algorithms together to support both optimistic and pessimistic shadow of each sub-transaction, has been proposed to increase the likelihood of successful timely commitment and to avoid unnecessary replication overload.

Analysis of bicyclist-vehicle crash at intersection area considering behavior prior to crash:A random parameter ordinal probit approach

In order to analyze the risky factors that affect vehicle-cyclist crash injury severity at the intersection area,especially the factors relating to the road users behaviors,an empirical study was conducted by collecting accident records from 2011 to 2015 from the General Estimates System.After preliminary screening,the variables were classified into 5 main categories including cyclists characteristic and behavior,drivers characteristic and behavior,vehicle characteristic,intersection condition,and time.The random parameter ordinal probit(RPOP)was used to study the significant influencing factors and corresponding heterogeneity.The results show that failing to obey traffic signals,failing to yield to right-of-way,dash and drinking before cycling can increase the injury severity for cyclists,and the corresponding fatal injury likelihoods increase by 53.2%,40.0%,86.3%,and 211.5%,respectively.Moreover,drivers inattention,speeding,going straight and left turning increase the risk of crashing for cyclists.The corresponding fatal injury likelihoods increase by 134.5%,186.5%,69.3%,and 22.7%,respectively.Other indicators such as age,gender,vehicle type,traffic signal and intersection type can also affect injury severity.

Current status of medical support in military operations other than war in domestic and overseas

Objective: To investigate the current status of medical support in military operations other than war (MOOTW) in domestic and overseas. Methods: This paper mainly adopts the descriptive, comparative and induction research methods. The current status of medical support in MOOTW in China, America, Russia, Israel, Canada, had been studied through some official papers, and series of professional books by analysis the precise date in various kinds of emergency event. Results: The contrast shows that there is still a quite huge development in medical support in MOOTW, no matter in China, or in other countries. Conclusion: In order to strengthen the forces, besides building professional rescue teams, it is necessary to take a regular revise of plans, according to missions` needs.

在教学常态中实现“和乐”教学管理

为了提升常态课的教学质量,上海闵行区华坪小学在教学常态中实现"和乐"教学管理,努力从多方面创新、优化教学管理制度与机制,较好地实现了学校的内涵发展。

New Concept Design for an Event Cruise Ship

This paper presents a new concept for the cruise ship, which has been developed from a thesis work discussed at the master＇s degree in Yacht and Cruise Vessel Design, at La Spezia, Italy. A typical cruise ship docked at port does not interact with the city, but remains a guest in transit. Why not then take on the challenge of designing a functional entity that transports events, culture and entertainment？ The ship would then become an extension of the city, offering a different experience each time to suit the tastes of all the family. Ira ship can be ＂inhabited＂, a city can be ＂inhabited on the water＂. The ship does not have a particularly residential facade but it has a multifunctional body.

An Approach to Event-Driven Software Testing

In this paper, the testing technology of event-driven software is focused. It is first analyzed the difference between event-driven software and the traditional procedure-oriented software, and based on the above analysis, the mechanism of event-driven and the effect of introduction of event-driven mechanism on software testing are unveiled. Then based on the characteristic of the event-driven software, the traditional software testing method is improved, and testing policy of event based test is presented in this paper.Moreover the event coverage criteria are defined and given here. At the same time the event executing rule are further uncovered, such as ordinal event, non-ordinal event, predecessor event and concurrent event etc., and also the methods of testing according to event executing rule are studied.

Challenges and prospects in research on military epidemiology

Epidemiology studies infectious diseases as primary objects, and has formed a scientific system. With the continuous expansion of the scope in epidemiological studies, the development of research methods and the mutual penetration of related disciplines, epidemiology gradually differentiates into many branches. Military epidemiology is just a branch which serves military health and prevention works with epidemic theory. Its study objects are the officers and soldiers in the armed forces, and its mission is to focus not only on peace time, but also on war time and fighting time to prevent from infectious diseases, or even to smash the enemy＇s biological war, which is basically different from the general epidemiology. In recent years, with the policy of reform and opening up, and owing to the improvement of people＇s living standard, the military has significantly improved its living conditions. Meanwhile, because strategic policy and military training has been updated technical diff^culty and intensity in the army have been increased, and disease spectrum has greatly changed. And especially as the theories and methods of modem epidemiology have been introduced into the army, the military epidemiology has been rapidly developed and improved. In short, the military epidemiology has made great achievements in prevention and treatment of common diseases and frequently occurring diseases, in order to guarantee the military members＇ physical and mental health. In the study we review the challenges and prospects for military epidemiology

Television Sports News Between Performance, Violence and Spectacle

The purpose of this paper is to analyze today＇s construction of sports news, and to see the way that media present the live sports events and how do livc sports events become global breaking news. We started with the theoretical background and we analyzed the audiences of the TV channels dedicated to sports. Media and violence is a well-known subject, and many theorists have analysed it but little research has been conducted about the effects that violence in sport news may have on people or society. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide insights into these effects, to try to demonstrate that today＇s sports news does not focus on pcrformancc any more, but they have become a spectacle of violence and gossip. After reviewing the literature in order to gain a perspective on this topic, we focused on the complex reconstructive and subjective nature of news rcception, the different ways the audience constructs meaningful intcrpretations from the news, exposure to news and the construction of violent images of reality.

Primary Approach to Water(Natural Monopoly) Industry Remodeling

Natural monopoly,because of its spontaneous or natural characteristics, must have some mysterious causes of reasonableness.Thus,the regulations to its efficiency loss would have a different way compared to other monopolies. That the characteristics of natural monopoly,in the case of water industry, are that the infrastructure investments are very large,most of which are used to build the transportation system? The webs for transporting their products to their customers,and the products are identity goods or services.By examining the characteristics of natural monopoly,this paper proposed away to break upand remodel the industry of“natural monopoly”.The main clue of remodeling is that the governments,who represent the public and who have the power to control over public resources,should build and maintain a public web platform for the goods’ transportation uses, and break up the barrier ofthe entry so as to produce a market-oriented competitive structure.The running modeland the condition of remodeling are put forward and the cost-revenue analysis of the operation is briefly under consideration.

Research of problems and solutions in financial management of administrative institutions

In recent years, with the deepening of financial reform, administrative institutions continue to strengthen the reforms of financial management, and gradually established a relatively sound system of budge management, revenue and expenditure management. However, in the current system of financial management, there are still many problems that can not be ignored.

ANALYSISOFOPERATIONALCAUSESOFAIRPLANETAKEOFFACCIDENTS

The possibility and causes of flight accidents by operational error/deviation in takeoff are analyzed in this paper. The following three stages are each described individually: before liftoff, near liftoff and initial climb. Relations of accident/incident causal factors by operational error with intrinsical flight mechanics are discussed.

The Practice and Impacts of Russian-style Hybrid Warfare

The term hybrid warfare was first coined by US military scholars and later widely adopted in the West to refer to Russian military operations in the Ukrainian and Syrian crises. In Russia, it is called"Gerasimovism". Russia adapted the idea of hybrid warfare for its military operations in Ukraine and Syria into a Russian-style hybrid warfare that has seen successful results so far. This model is likely to impact future military developments.

Public Accounting and IPSAS in Portugal： The Accounting Standardization System for Public Administrations

The Accounting Standardization System for Public Administrations （SNC-AP） was approved by Decree-Law No. 192/2015, of September 11 and constituted the new accounting system for public administrations in Portugal, which will take effect from January 1, 2017, although there were pilot entities that are already applying it in the year 2016. The reasons for the approval of these accounting regulations are presented in the approval diploma itself, the existence of a strong fragmentation and outdated accounting standardization for the public sector. This paper intends to analyze the public accounting reform in Portugal based on the SNC-AP and the impacts that it will determine in public institutions in terms of accounting in relation to the previous POC-P regime and sectoral plans as well as the resources involved in the Implementation. Likewise, it is intended to assess whether all public bodies subject to its adoption will proceed to its implementation on January 1, 2017, as planned. For this purpose, the data available on this subject will be used, in particular those of the Directorate-General for the Budget of the Ministry of Finance.