古诗词歌曲演唱中的“行腔”与琵琶的左手技法

中国古诗词歌曲演唱中十分注重"腔""词"和"韵","腔"是指唱腔曲调,"词"是指唱词的简称,"腔词关系"就是指在同一乐曲中唱腔与唱词的关系,即在同一内容范围内,唱腔自行规律与唱词自行规律的结合关系。

High Speed VCSEL-Based Parallel Optical Transmission Modules

Design and fabrication of a parallel optical transmitter are reported. The optimized 12 channel parallel optical transmitter,with each channel＇s data rate up to 3Gbit/s,is designed, assembled, and measured. A top-emitting 850nm vertical cavity surface emitting laser（VCSEL） array is adopted as the light source,and the VCSEL chip is directly wire bonded to a 12 channel driver IC. The outputs of the VCSEL array are directly butt coupled into a 12 channel fiber array. Small form factor pluggable （SFP） packaging technology is used in the module to support hot pluggable in application. The performance results of the module are demonstrated. At an operating current of 8mA, an eye diagram at 3Gbit/s is achieved with an optical output of more than 1mW.

Remote Three-Party Quantum State Sharing Based on Three-Atom Entangled States Assisted by Cavity QED and Flying Qubits

We present a remote three-party quantum state sharing （QSTS） scheme with three-atom Greenberger- Horne-Zeilinger （GHZ） states assisted by cavity QED and flying qubits. It exploits some photons to act as the flying qubits for setting up the quantum channel securely with three-atom systems in a GHZ state, which maybe make this remote QSTS scheme more practical than some other schemes based on atom systems only or ion-trap systems as photons interact with their environments weakly. The coherence of the stationary atom qubits in cavities provides the convenience for the parties in QSTS to check eavesdropping, different from entangled photon systems. Moreover, the present scheme works in a collective-noise condition and it may be more practical than others in applications in future.

Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma,nasal type:epidemiology study

Extranodal natural killer （NK）IT-cell lymphoma, nasal type （ENKTCL） is a rarely kind of non-Hodgkin lymphoma （NHL）. It is much more frequent in Asian and Latin American countries than other part of the world. It typically affects nasal cavity. In China, one of its endemically places, ENKTCL accounts for 74%-96% of nasal NHL. Patients with ENKTCL usually show a highly aggressive clinical course, and its etiology is unclear. However, it is already proved that ENKTCL is associated with Epstein-Barr virus （EBV） infection, regardless patients＇, ethnicity and areas. Some studies show that the risk will increase among several occupations, such as farmer, who are frequently exposure to pesticides and chemical solvent and risk can be cut down if taking some protective measures.

A functional variant in the CD209 promoter is associated with DQ2-negative celiac disease in the Spanish population

AIM： To address the role of CD209 in celiac disease （CD） patients. Non-human leukocyte antigen （HLA） genetic factors in CD predisposition are poorly understood, and environmental factors like infectious pathogens may play a role. CD209 is a dendritic and macrophage surface molecule involved in pathogen recognition and immune activation. Recently, a functional variant in the promoter of the CD209 gene （-336A/G） has been shown to affect the transcriptional CD209 activity in vitro and it has been associated with a higher susceptibility to/or severity of infection. METHODS： The study population was composed of two case-control cohorts of 103 and 386 CD patients and 312 y 419 healthy controls as well as a panel of 257 celiac families. Genotyping for the -336A/G CD209 promoter polymorphism was performed using a TaqMan 5＇ allelic discrimination assay. HLA-DQ was determined by hybridization with allele specific probes. RESULTS： Initially, the case-control and familial studies did not find any association of the -336 A/G CD209 genetic variant with CD susceptibility. However, the stratification by HLA-DQ2 did reveal a significant association of CD209 promoter polymorphism in the HLA-DQ2 （-） group （carrier A vs GG in DQ2 （-） vs DQ2 （＋） patients （P = 0.026, OR = 3.71）. CONCLUSION： The -336G CD209 allele seems to be involved in CD susceptibility in HLA-DQ2 （-） patients. Our results might suggest a possible role of pathogens in the onset of a minor group of CD patients.

Dynamic Behavior of Lambda-Type Three-Level Atoms and Two-Mode Cavity Field

A system comprising of Lambda-type three-level atoms and the two-mode cavity field is considered in this paper. Under the acliabatical approximation and the large detuning condition, the effective Hamiltonian of the system in the interaction picture can be given out. If the two identical three-level atoms pass through the cavity in turn, the entangled state atoms can be generated. When the interaction time is taken to an appropriate value, the maximally entangled states are created. At the same time, the dynamic behaviors of the system are studied in detail.

Analysis of characteristics of a pneumatic miniature robotic system

This paper described the structure of a flexible miniature robotic system which can move in human cavities, and then analyzed the characteristics of the robotic system in detail. The mobile mechanism of the miniature robotic system is soft; it makes inchworm-like movement driven by a 3-DOF pneumatic rubber actuator and holds its positions by air chambers. The driving characteristic models in axial and bending directions of the actuator were set up and the kinemics equations of the robotic system were set up. Experiments had been done through an electro-pressure control system, by which the pneumatic robotic system can be controlled with high accuracy. It is suitable for moving in human cavities for medical inspection.

An Introduction to the Standardization of China Oral Care Products (Toothpaste) Industry

Oral care products industry is an important part of the daily chemical products industry, which includes toothpaste, toothbrushes and gargle, etc. In 2010, the National Oral Care Products Standardization Technical Committee was founded along with three subcommittees. The period of ＂12th Five-Year Plan＂ is not only an important period for the development of oral cleansing products industry, but also the critical time to promote the strategy of fully promotion on the industry standardization. The oral cleansing products standard includes three products： oral care products, oral care appliances and the raw material of oral care products. Toothpaste, as an important product of the oral care products, the earliest toothpaste standard in China can be traced back to 1956, and it became the first national toothpaste draft standard until 1987： GB 8372-1987 ＂Toothpaste＂. The standard was officially approved to be carried out on March 1, 1988. The technical index of GB 8372-2008 includes： net content, quality of toothpaste, pH vaule, stability, superhard particle, soluble and free fluoride, total fluoride, arsenic, mercury, etc.

Cold-Test Experimental Research of an S-Band Broadband High Power CCTWT

Cold-test experiment of an S-band broadband high power coupled-cavity traveling-wave tube(CCTWT)is introduced in this paper.The dispersion characteristic,the synchronous voltage and the interaction impedance of this S-band CCTWT are measured.The experimental results are in agreement with the numerical simulation values.

Epidemiological study of community- and hospital-acquired intraabdominal infections

Purpose： To investigate and analyze the clinical and etiological characteristics of community-acquired intraabdominal infections （CIAIs） and hospital-acquired or nosocomial intraabdominal infections （NIAIs） in a comprehensive hospital, to understand the characteristics, pathogen composition, and drug resistance of CIAls as well as NIAIs, and to provide a reference for clinical treatment. Methods： We collected the clinical data of patients with intraabdominal infections admitted to our hospital from June 2013 to June 2014. In vitro drug sensitivity tests were conducted to separate pathogens, and the data were analyzed using the WHONET 5.4 software and SPSS 13.0 software. Results： A total of 221 patients were enrolled in the study, including 144 with CIAls （55 mild-moderate and 89 severe） and 77 with NIAIs. We isolated 322 pathogenic strains, including 234 strains of gramnegative bacteria, 82 strains of gram-positive bacteria, and 6 strains of fungi. Based on clinical features, NIAIs and severe ClAls presented significantly higher values in age, length of hospital stay, mortality, and the incidence of severe intra-abdominal infection than mild-moderate CIAIs （p 〈 0.05）. There was no significant difference in the prognosis between NIAIs and severe CIAIs. Primary diseases leading to CIAIs and NIAIs mostly were hepatobiliary diseases and gastrointestinal diseases respectively. Bacteria isolated from various types of IAls mainly were Enterobacteriaceae; mild-moderate CIAIs mostly were mono-infection of gram-negative bacteria; NIAIs mostly were mixed infections of gram-negative and grampositive bacteria; and severe CIAls were from either type of infection. The rate of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase-producing Escherichia coil and Klebsiella pneurnoniae was much higher in NIAIs than in CIAIs （p 〈 0.05）. The antimicrobial drug sensitivity of gram-negative bacteria isolated from NIAIs was significantly lower than that of CIAIs. Conclusion： CIAIs and NIAIs have their own unique clinical features and epidemiological features of pathogens which should be considered during the initial empiric therapy for the rational use of anti- microbial drugs. Regional IAls pathogenic bacteria have their own features in drug resistance, slightly different from some recommendations of 2010 Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines.

Phase Transition and Superfluid of Photons and Photon Pairs in a Two-Dimensional Optical Microcavity

We analyze the ground-state properties and the excitation spectrum of Bose-Einstein condensates of photons and PPs in a two-dimensional optical microcavity. First, using the variational method, we discuss the ground-state phase transition of the two-component system. We also investigate the energy gap between the ground state and the first excited state. Moreover, by investigating the excitation spectrum, we also illustrate how the superfluid behavior of photons and PPs can be associated with the phase transition of the system.

Temporal Behavior of Rabi Oscillation in Nanomechanical QED System with a Nonlinear Resonator

In nanomechanical QED system,consisting of a charge qubit and a nanomechanical resonator with intrinsic nonlinearity,we study the temporal behavior of Rabi oscillation in the nonlinear Jaynes-Cummings model.Using microscopic master equation approach,we solve time evolution of the density operator describing this model.Also,the probability of excited state of charge qubit is calculated.These analytic calculations show how nonlinearity parameter and decay rates of two different excited states of the qubit-resonator system affect time-oscillating and decaying of Rabi oscillation.

Effect of Cavities inside Tube Banks on Acoustic Resonance

In the present paper the attention is focused on the effect of small cavities inside in-line tube banks on acoustic resonance which occurred in the two-dimensional model of boiler. We measured the sound pressure level, the amplitude and the phase delay of acoustic pressures and the gap velocity. As a result, we found many peak frequencies of sound pressure level with different Strouhal numbers, mainly about S1=0.15, 0.26 and 0.52. The variation of SPL for S,=0.26, 0.52 components in the tube banks with cavities was the same as the result of no cavities. The existence of cavities inside in-line tube banks caused the resonance of St=0.15. And the acoustic resonance of the first mode in the transverse direction was generated if the small cavities existed inside the tube banks. This resonance was not generated from the tube banks of no cavities. The resonance onset velocity in the transverse mode was fairly slower than that of no cavities. It was easy to generate acoustic resonance when there were small cavities inside in-line tube banks.