“表决票”和“选票”

近日,笔者在某县人大常委会选工委办公室看到一张空白'表决票'。

Data-driven methods for predicting the representative temperature of bridge cable based on limited measured data

Cable-stayed bridges have been widely used in high-speed railway infrastructure.The accurate determination of cable’s representative temperatures is vital during the intricate processes of design,construction,and maintenance of cable-stayed bridges.However,the representative temperatures of stayed cables are not specified in the existing design codes.To address this issue,this study investigates the distribution of the cable temperature and determinates its representative temperature.First,an experimental investigation,spanning over a period of one year,was carried out near the bridge site to obtain the temperature data.According to the statistical analysis of the measured data,it reveals that the temperature distribution is generally uniform along the cable cross-section without significant temperature gradient.Then,based on the limited data,the Monte Carlo,the gradient boosted regression trees(GBRT),and univariate linear regression(ULR)methods are employed to predict the cable’s representative temperature throughout the service life.These methods effectively overcome the limitations of insufficient monitoring data and accurately predict the representative temperature of the cables.However,each method has its own advantages and limitations in terms of applicability and accuracy.A comprehensive evaluation of the performance of these methods is conducted,and practical recommendations are provided for their application.The proposed methods and representative temperatures provide a good basis for the operation and maintenance of in-service long-span cable-stayed bridges.

Rescheduling Problems with Bicriteria

In the rescheduling on a single machine,a set of original jobs has already been scheduled to minimize some cost objective,when a new set of jobs arrives and creates a disruption.The decision maker needs to insert the new jobs into the existing schedule without excessively disrupting it.In this paper,we consider hierarchical optimization between the scheduling cost of all the jobs and the degree of this disruption.For every problem,we provide either a polynomial time algorithm or an intractable result.

Prediction method of rock burst proneness based on rough set and genetic algorithm

A new method based on rough set theory and genetic algorithm was proposedto predict the rock burst proneness. Nine influencing factors were first selected, and then,the decision table was set up. Attributes were reduced by genetic algorithm. Rough setwas used to extract the simplified decision rules of rock burst proneness. Taking the practical engineering for example, the rock burst proneness was evaluated and predicted bydecision rules. Comparing the prediction results with the actual results, it shows that theproposed method is feasible and effective.

Expression Detection of DMRTs and Two sox9 Genes in Takifugu rubripes (Tetraodontidae, Vertebrata)

Sex determination and sex differentiation are important phenomena in fish, but the mechanisms of sex determination in Takifugu rubripes are poorly understood. In our study, the expression patterns of genes for DMRTs （DMRT1, DMRT2 and DMRT3）,sox9a and sox9b in T. rubripes tissues were verified with the Reverse Transcription （RT）-PCR detection. It is showed that DMRT1 expressions in testis and ovaries were much lower, and no expressions were fotmd in muscle, blood and tailfin. However, expressions for DMRT2 and DMRT3 were not found in the tissues stated above. Transcripts of sox9a were detected in muscle, fin, ovary and testis, but not in blood, whereas sox9b expression was only detected in ovary. The expression patterns of DMRTs, sox9a and sox9b in T. rubripes gonads suggest that these genes may not be sex-specific.

Construction of prokaryotic expression system of TGF-β1 epitope gene and identification of recombinant fusion protein immunity

AIM： To insert the constructed TGF-β1 epitope gene into the el loop of C-terminus of truncated hepatitis B core antigen to increase TGF-β1 antigenicity in its prokaryotic expression system and to identify immunity of the expressed recombinant protein in order to exploit the possibility for obtaining anti- TGF-β1 vaccine. METHODS： The TGF-β1 encoding epitope gene （the mature TGF-β1 from 78-109 amino acid residues, TGF-β1^32） was amplified by polymerase chain reaction from the recombinant pGEM-7z/ TGF-β1 ^32 vector. The HBcAg gene fragments （encoding HBcAg from 1-71 and 89-144 amino acid residues） were amplified from PYTAI- HBcAg vector. The recombinant vector pGEMEX-1 was used to insert HBcAg1-71, TGF-β1^32 and HBcAg89-144 into restrictive endonuclease enzyme and ligated with T4 Ugase. The fusion gene fragments HBc.Ag1-71-TGF-β1^32 HBcAg89-144 were recloned to pET28a（＋） and the DNA sequence was confirmed by the dideoxy chain termination method. The recombinant vector pET28a （＋）/ CTC was transformed and expressed in E. coli BL21 （DE3） under induction of IPTG. After purification with Ni^＋2 NTA agarose resins, the antigenicity of purified protein was detected by ELISA and Western blot and visualized under electron microscope. RESULTS： Enzyme digestion analysis and sequencing showed that TGF-β1 epitope gene was inserted into the el loop of C-terminus of truncated hepatitis B core antigen. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that relative molecular mass （Mr） of the expressed product by pET28a （＋）/CTC was Mr 24 600.The output of the target recombinant protein was approximately 34.8% of the total bacterial protein,mainly presented in the form of inclusion body. Western blotting and ELISA demonstrated that the fusion protein could combine with anti-TGF-β1 polyclonal IgG but not with anti-HBcAg. The purity of protein was about 90 % and the protein was in the form of self-assembling particles visualized under electron microscope. This fusion protein had good anti-TGF-β1 antigenicity and could be used as anti-TGF-β1 vaccine. CONCLUSION： A recombinant prokaryotic expression system with high expression efficiency of the target TGF-β1 epitope gene was successfully established. The fusion protein is in the form of self-assembling particles and HBcAg can increase the antigenicity of TGF-β1. The expressed TGF-β1 epitope gene shows good immunogenicity and antigenicity.

Credit Risk （Based on Analysis of Financial Statements） as the Decisive Factor Influencing the Risk of Investors

Banks as the key subjects in the financing of investment have a strong influence on the risk of investors. Hence, the solvency of the bank is of crucial importance for the risk management in the investment process. Given the fact of underdevelopment of financial markets and the lack of trading activities in securities, it is evident that the investments of banks in the developing countries mostly include lending investments. Looking at the key categories of risk that influence the overall risk of the banking business in such conditions, it can be concluded that credit risk presents the dominant and decisive factor. The aim of the paper is to select the bank determinant key factors of credit risk and to determine the extent to which non-performing loans （NPL） of bank credits affect the solvency of banks, and therefore also the risk of investors. This selection of the main determinants will be based on the analysis of financial statements. This is essential, especially taking into account the impact of the global financial crisis and the increasingly frequent falling into insolvency customers. Finally, liquidity of customers is that of the bank, and it is crucial for investors to timely identify possible risks associated with bank loans in order to proactively manage risk investment.

Prognostic significance of PTEN,Ki-67 and CD44s expression patterns in gastrointestinal stromal tumors

AIM:To develop a prognostic approach for gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs) using a cluster of indicators and follow-up information.METHODS:One hundred and four GISTs that had not been subjected to targeted therapies were collected and classified by NIH risk assessment and anatomic location.By immunohistochemistry,the expressions of PTEN,Ki-67,CD44s matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-9 and TIMP-1 were detected on tissue microarray.Univariate and multimarker survival analyses were performed and then a COX hazard proportion model was constructed to evaluate a cluster of predictors of GIST.RESULTS:Our data showed small intestinal GIST are more aggressive than gastric GIST.The NIH risk assessment correlated with disease-free survival foreither gastric GIST or small intestinal GIST.Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that Ki-67 labeling indexes(LIs) < 5% predicted higher disease-specific survival(DSS) in gastric and small intestinal GIST.CD44s positivity and PTEN LIs ≥ 50% correlated with higher DSS in gastric GIST.MMP-9 and TIMP-1 had no correlation with survival.Multimarker analysis revealed that the expression pattern of PTEN LIs ≥ 50% combined with Ki-67 LIs < 5% and CD44s positivity reliably predicted favorable outcomes for gastric GIST(P = 0.009),as did the combination of PTEN LIs ≥ 50% and Ki-67 LIs < 5% for small intestinal GIST(P = 0.011).Authors also found that high NIH risk grade was correlated with DSS in patients with gastric GIST and disease-free survival in patients with small intestinal GIST.CONCLUSION:PTEN LIs ≥ 50%,Ki-67 LIs < 5% and CD44s positivity provides an accurate,favorable prognosis for gastric GIST.PTEN LIs ≥ 50% and Ki-67 LIs < 5% does the same for small intestinal GIST.Ki-67 LIs enhances the NIH assessment.

A CLOUD-RESOLVING MODELING STUDY OF SURFACE RAINFALL PROCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH LANDFALLING TYPHOON KAEMI(2006)

The detailed surface rainfall processes associated with landfalling typhoon Kaemi（2006） are investigated based on hourly data from a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model simulation. The model is integrated for 6 days with imposed large-scale vertical velocity, zonal wind, horizontal temperature and vapor advection from National Center for Environmental Prediction （NCEP） / Global Data Assimilation System （GDAS） data. The simulation data are validated with observations in terms of surface rain rate. The Root-Mean-Squared （RMS） difference in surface rain rate between the simulation and the gauge observations is 0.660 mm h^-1, which is smaller than the standard deviations of both the simulated rain rate （0.753 mm h^-1） and the observed rain rate （0.833 mm h^-1）. The simulation data are then used to study the physical causes associated with the detailed surface rainfall processes during the landfall. The results show that time averaged and model domain-mean Ps mainly comes from large-scale convergence （QWVF） and local vapor loss （positive QWVT）. Large underestimation （about 15%） of Ps will occur if QWVT and QCM （cloud source/sink） are not considered as contributors to Ps ,QWVF accounts for the variation of P during most of the integration time, while it is not always a contributor to Ps,Sometimes surface rainfall could occur when divergence is dominant with local vapor loss to be a contributor to Ps - Surface rainfall is a result ofmulti-timescale interactions. QWVE possesses the longest time scale and the lowest frequeney the second and QCM of variation with time and may exert impact on P on longer time scales. QWVF possesses longest time scale and lowest frequency and can explain most of the variation of Ps. QWVT possess shorter time scales and higher frequencies, which can explain more detailed variations in Ps. Partitioning analysis shows that stratiform rainfall is dominant from the morning of 26 July till the late night of 27 July. After that, convective rainfall dominates till about 1000 LST 28 July. Before 28 July, the variations of QWVT in rainfall-free regions contribute less to that of the domain-mean QWVT while after that they contribute much, which is consistent to the corresponding variations in their fractional coverage. The variations of QWVF in rainfall regions are the main contributors to that of the domain-mean QWVF, then the main contributors to the surface rain rate before the afternoon of 28 July.

Expression and immunoreactivity of an epitope of HCV in a foreign epitope presenting system

AIM: To construct and highly express an epitope of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in a foreign epitope presenting vector based on an insect virus, and to study the antigenicity of the epitope. METHODS: The HCV epitope sequence (amino acid residues 315 to 328: EGHRMAWDMMMNWS) of the El region was constructed at different positions of a foreign epitope presenting vector based on an insect virus, flock house virus (FHV) capsid protein encoding gene as a vector, and expressed in E. coli cells. Western blotting and ELISA were used to detect the immunoreactivity of these recombinant proteins. RESULTS: The gene encoding of the concerned B-cell epitope of HCV El envelope protein was expressed on FHV capsid carrier protein at positions I1 (aa 106), 12 (aa 153) and 13 (aa 305), respectively, on the surface of FHV capsid protein. The recombinant proteins in this system could be highly expressed in more than 40% of total cell protein of E. coli BL21. All the expressed recombinant proteins were in inclusion body form, and showed obvious immunoreactivity by Western blotting. Further purified recombinant proteins were detected by indirect ELISA as coating antigen respectively. All recombinant proteins could still show immunoreactivity. CONCLUSION: The epitope of HCV El envelope protein can be highly expressed in FHV carrier system as a chimeric protein with high immunoreactivity. This system has multiple entry sites conferring many possible conformations closer to the native one for a given sequence.

Information on Financial Statements for Loan Decision-Making of Commercial Banks in Vietnam

Financial statements （FS） are tools which provide information to users for making business decisions. Among the organizations, banks are the firms which conducted and did business with risks. In particular, commercial banks continue to play a dominant role in the whole system, and local commercial banks still have an edge in its widespread network across the country over foreign banks. This article is going to present the survey which clarifies the role of FS in commercial banks＇ loan decisions in Vietnam. Moreover, this paper also discusses FS＇s quality currently, thereby making suggestions for enterprises to enhance the usefulness of accounting information in borrowing activities. This paper has taken performance with 74 official employees in commercial banks in Vietnam. The results indicated the qualitative characteristics of banks when disclosing the financial statements. This article also gave the six oriented solutions to improvement of the loan decision-making by banks.

An Integrated Approach for Decision Support through Multi-objective Optimization with Application to an Ill-posed Design Problem

In the current scenario of global competition and short product life cycles, customer-defined satisfaction has attracted interest in artifact design. Accordingly, intelligent decision-making through multi-objective optimization has been proposed as an efficient method for human-centered manufacturing. However, previous vast researches on optimization have been mainly focused on optimization theory and optimization techniques and paid little interests on the process of problem formulation itself. In this paper, therefore, the authors present a total framework for supporting multi-objective decision making. Then, the authors try to solve the formulated multi-objective optimization problem that involves both qualitative and quantitative performance measures as a general consequence from the above procedure. Taking especially quality as a qualitative measure, the authors gave a new idea to evaluate the quality quantitatively. Additionally, to facilitate the portability of the proposed method in multidisciplinary decision-making environments, the authors implement the proposal algorithm in an Excel spreadsheet and validate the effectiveness of the approach through a case study.

Full process of recommendation formulation for clinical practice guidelines:Taking World Federation of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Societies Clinical Practice Guideline on Acupuncture and Moxibustion:Allergic Rhinitis as an example

The formulation of recommendations is a crucial step in the development of clinical practice guidelines,which requires tools provided by the GRADE methodology.These tools include the evidence quality assessment tool,the evidence summary tool,and the evidence-to-decision(EtD)framework.Although there is a methodologically guided standard pathway for formulating recommendations in clinical practice guidelines,it remains unclear how to translate this theoretical pathway into the practical process for formulating recommendations and what the specific steps in this process entail.Therefore,this paper takes the World Federation of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Societies Clinical Practice Guidelines on Acupuncture and Moxibustion:Allergic Rhinitis as an example to detail the full process of formulating recommendations and summaries it into a three-step method.Step one:Collect original materials from different sources to create EtD table.Step two:Distribute and collect EtD table,and preliminarily gather the recommendation voting results.Step three:Organize"salami-slicing pattern"guideline development group consensus meeting to formulate recommendations.The three-step method for formulating recommendations in clinical practice guidelines fully utilizes the GRADE EtD table to provide guideline development group with decision-making foundation and reference from multiple dimensions,including the importance of clinical questions,balance of benefits and harms,quality of evidence,resource required,values and preferences,health equity,acceptability,and feasibility.This approach enhances the scientific and practical nature of guideline recommendations.This paper provides a standard operating procedure to formulate recommendations for the incoming clinical practice guidelines,which aims to establish a standard pathway for the formulation of acupuncture clinical practice guideline recommendations.

Filling the Gap between Voters and Cryptography in e-Voting

Cryptography is an important tool in the design and implementation of e-voting schemes since it can provide verifiability, which is not provided in the traditional voting. But in the real life, most voters can neither understand the profound theory of cryptography nor perform the complicated cryptographic computation. An e-voting system is presented in this paper to leverage the use of cryptography. It combines the advantages of voting scheme of Moran-Naor and voting scheme based on homomorphic encryption. It makes use of the cryptographic technique, but it hides the details of cryptographic computation from voters. Compared with voting scheme of Moran-Naor, the new system has three advantages: the ballots can be recovered when the voting machine breaks down, the costly cut-and-choose zero-knowledge proofs for shuffling votes made by the voting machine are avoided and the partial tally result in each voting machine can be kept secret.

Natal dispersal in a social landscape： Considering individual behavioral phenotypes and social environment in dispersal ecology

Natal dispersal, the movement of an organism from its birthplace to the site of first reproduction, is fundamental to many ecological and evolutionary processes. Mechanistically, individual dispersal decisions can depend on both individual phe- notype and environmental cues. In particular, many established evolutionary theories of dispersal highlight the importance of the social environment. More recent research in behavioral ecology has focused on the importance of individual behavioral pheno- types. We reviewed the literature on individual behavioral phenotypes and dispersal and suggest that how individual behavioral phenotypes interact with the immediate social environment experienced by individuals in influencing dispersal is still poorly un- derstood, despite growing interest. We found that very few studies had examined the interaction of individual behavioral pheno- types and social factors, and behavioral phenotypes related to social tendencies were less commonly measured than were beha- vioral phenotypes related to exploration or response to risk. Further, and unsurprisingly, studies on social behavioral phenotypes and dispersal behaviors during the transience stage of dispersal were underrepresented compared to the departure or settlement stages. Future studies in this area should aim to＂ a） make explicit links between behavioral traits and their proposed effects on dispersal decisions throughout multiple stages of dispersal, b） integrate more continuous dispersal variables, and c） consider the effects of the spatial distribution and phenotypes of conspecifics （i.e., the social landscape） encountered by individual dispersers