AIM To investigate the effects of sleeve gastrectomy plus trunk vagotomy(SGTV) compared with sleeve gastrectomy(SG) in a diabetic rat model.METHODS SGTV, SG, TV and Sham operations were performed on rats with diabetes...AIM To investigate the effects of sleeve gastrectomy plus trunk vagotomy(SGTV) compared with sleeve gastrectomy(SG) in a diabetic rat model.METHODS SGTV, SG, TV and Sham operations were performed on rats with diabetes induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin. Body weight, food intake, oral glucose tolerance test, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR), hepatic insulin signaling(IR, IRS1, IRS2, PI3 K and AKT), oral glucose stimulatedinsulin secretion, GLP-1 and ghrelin were compared at various postoperative times.RESULTS Both SG and SGTV resulted in better glucose tolerance, lower HOMA-IR, up-regulated hepatic insulin signaling, higher levels of oral glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, higher postprandial GLP-1 and lower fasting ghrelin levels than the TV and Sham groups. No significant differences were observed between the SG and SGTV groups. In addition, no significant differences were found between the TV and Sham groups in terms of glucose tolerance, HOMA-IR, hepatic insulin signaling, oral glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, postprandial GLP-1 and fasting ghrelin levels. No differences in body weight and food intake were noted between the four groups.CONCLUSION SGTV is feasible for diabetes control and is independent of weight loss. However, SGTV did not result in a better improvement in diabetes than SG alone.展开更多
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy(LSG) has reached wide popularity during the last 15 years, due to the limited morbidity and mortality rates, and the very good weight loss results and effects on comorbid conditions. Ho...Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy(LSG) has reached wide popularity during the last 15 years, due to the limited morbidity and mortality rates, and the very good weight loss results and effects on comorbid conditions. However, there are concerns regarding the effects of LSG on gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD). The interpretation of the current evidence is challenged by the fact that the LSG technique is not standardized, and most studies investigate the presence of GERD by assessing symptoms and the use of acid reducing medications only. A few studies objectively investigated gastroesophageal function and the reflux profile by esophageal manometry and 24-h p H monitoring, reporting postoperative normalization of esophageal acid exposure in up to 85% of patients with preoperative GERD, and occurrence of de novo GERD in about 5% of cases. There is increasing evidence showing the key role of the surgical technique on the incidence of postoperative GERD. Main technical issues are a relative narrowing of the mid portion of the gastric sleeve, a redundant upper part of the sleeve(both depending on the angle under which the sleeve is stapled), and the presence of a hiatal hernia. Concomitant hiatal hernia repair is recommended. To date, either medical therapy with proton pump inhibitors or conversion of LSG to laparoscopic Rouxen-Y gastric bypass are the available options for the management of GERD after LSG. Recently, new minimally invasive approaches have been proposed in patients with GERD and hypotensive LES: the LINX? Reflux Management System procedure and the Stretta? procedure. Large studies are needed to assess the safety and long-term efficacy of these new approaches. In conclusion, the recent publication of p H monitoring data and the new insights in the association between sleeve morphology and GERD control have led to a wider acceptance of LSG as bariatric procedure also in obese patients with GERD, as recently stated in the 5^(th) International Consensus Conference on sleeve gastrectomy.展开更多
AIM To evaluate the risks of medical conditions, evaluate gastric sleeve narrowing, and assess hydrostatic balloon dilatation to treat dysphagia after vertical sleeve gastrectomy(VSG).METHODS VSG is being performed mo...AIM To evaluate the risks of medical conditions, evaluate gastric sleeve narrowing, and assess hydrostatic balloon dilatation to treat dysphagia after vertical sleeve gastrectomy(VSG).METHODS VSG is being performed more frequently worldwide as a treatment for medically-complicated obesity, and dysphagia is common post-operatively. We hypothesize that post-operative dysphagia is related to underlying medical conditions or narrowing of the gastric sleeve. This is a retrospective, single institution study of consecutive patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy from 2013 to 2015. Patients with previous bariatric procedures were excluded. Narrowing of a gastric sleeve includes: inability to pass a 9.6 mm gastroscope due to stenosis or sharp angulation or spiral hindering its passage.RESULTS Of 400 consecutive patients, 352 are included; the prevalence of dysphagia is 22.7%; 33 patients(9.3%) have narrowing of the sleeve with 25(7.1%) having sharp angulation or a spiral while 8(2.3%) have a stenosis. All 33 patients underwent balloon dilatation of the gastric sleeve and dysphagia resolved in 13 patients(39%); 10 patients(30%) noted resolution of dysphagia after two additional dilatations. In a multivariate model, medical conditions associated with post-operative dysphagia include diabetes mellitus, symptoms of esophageal reflux, a low whole blood thiamine level, hypothyroidism, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and use of opioids.CONCLUSION Narrowing of the gastric sleeve and gastric sleeve stenosis are common after VSG. Endoscopic balloon dilatations of the gastric sleeve resolves dysphagia in 69% of patients.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate a newly developed hand-held confocal probe for in vivo microscopic imaging of the complete gastrointestinal tract in rodents. METHODS: A novel rigid confocal probe (diameter 7 mm) was designed wit...AIM: To evaluate a newly developed hand-held confocal probe for in vivo microscopic imaging of the complete gastrointestinal tract in rodents. METHODS: A novel rigid confocal probe (diameter 7 mm) was designed with optical features similar to the flexible endomicroscopy system for use in humans using a 488 nm single line laser for fluorophore excitation, Light emission was detected at 505 to 750 nm. The field of view was 475 μm × 475 μm. Optical slice thickness was 7 μm with a lateral resolution of 0.7 μm. Subsurface serial images at different depths (surface to 250 μm) were generated in real time at 1024 × 1024 pixels (0.8 frames/s) by placing the probe onto the tissue in gentle, stable contact. Tissue specimens were sampled for histopathological correlation.RESULTS: The esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine and meso, liver, pancreas and gall bladder were visualised in vivo at high resolution in n = 48 mice. Real time microscopic imaging with the confocal minimicroscopy probe was easy to achieve. The different staining protocols (fluorescein, acriflavine, FITC-labelled dextran and L. esculentum lectin) each highlighted specific aspects of the tissue, and in vivo imaging correlated excellently with conventional histology. In vivo blood flow monitoring added a functional quality to morphologic imaging.CONCLUSION: Confocal microscopy is feasible in vivo allowing the visualisation of the complete GI tract at high resolution even of subsurface tissue structures. The new confocal probe design evaluated in this study is compatible with laparoscopy and significantly expands the field of possible applications to intra-abdominal organs. It allows immediate testing of new in vivo staining and application options and therefore permits rapid transfer from animal studies to clinical use in patients.展开更多
AIM To examine the changes of the ghrelin/ghrelin O-acyltransferase(GOAT) axis and the mammalian target of rapamycin(m TOR) pathway in the hypothalamus after sleeve gastrectomy.METHODS A total of 30 obese type-2 diabe...AIM To examine the changes of the ghrelin/ghrelin O-acyltransferase(GOAT) axis and the mammalian target of rapamycin(m TOR) pathway in the hypothalamus after sleeve gastrectomy.METHODS A total of 30 obese type-2 diabetes Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats, 6 wk of age, fed with high-sugar and highfat fodder for 2 mo plus intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin were randomly divided into three groups: non-operation group(S0 group, n = 10), sham operation group(Sh group, n = 10) and sleeve gastrectomy group(SG group, n = 10). Data of body mass, food intake, oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT), acylated ghrelin(AG) and total ghrelin(TG) were collected and measured at the first day(when the rats were 6 wk old), preoperative day 3 and postoperative week 8. The m RNA expression of preproghrelin, GOAT and neuropeptide Y(NPY), and protein expression of ghrelin, GOAT, GHSR and the m TOR pathway(p-Akt, p-m TOR and p-S6) were measured in the hypothalamus.RESULTS SG can significantly improve metabolic symptoms by reducing body mass and food intake. The obese rats showed lower serum TG levels and no change in AG, but the ratio of AG/TG was increased. When compared with the S0 and Sh groups, the SG group showed decreased TG(1482.03 ± 26.55, 1481.49 ± 23.30 and 1206.63 ± 52.02 ng/L, respectively, P < 0.05), but unchanged AG(153.06 ± 13.74, 155.37 ± 19.30 and 144.44 ± 16.689 ng/L, respectively, P > 0.05). As a result, the ratio of AG/TG further increased in the SG group(0.103 ± 0.009, 0.105 ± 0.013 and 0.12 ± 0.016, respectively, P < 0.05). When compared with the S0 group, SG suppressed m RNA and protein levels of preproghrelin(0.63 ± 0.12 vs 0.5 ± 0.11, P < 0.05) and GOAT(0.96 ± 0.09 vs 0.87 ± 0.08, P < 0.05), but did not change NPY m RNA expression(0.61 ± 0.04 vs 0.65 ± 0.07, P > 0.05) in the hypothalamus. The protein levels of p-Akt, p-m TOR and p-S6 were higher in the SG group, which indicated that the hypothalamic m TOR pathway was activated after SG at the postoperative week 8. CONCLUSION The reduction of ghrelin expression and activation of the m TOR pathway might have opposite effects on food intake, as SG improves obesity and T2 DM.展开更多
[Objecdve] The aim was to observe the puff-by-puff transfer ratios of some flavors in cigarettes. [Method] Based on national stand- ards, the puff-by-puff transfer of tobacco of carbonyl flavors was analyzed. In the m...[Objecdve] The aim was to observe the puff-by-puff transfer ratios of some flavors in cigarettes. [Method] Based on national stand- ards, the puff-by-puff transfer of tobacco of carbonyl flavors was analyzed. In the meantime, by dint of simultaneous distillation and extraction equip- ment coupled to GC and GC/MS, the puff-by-puff transfer ratios to TPM of smoke were expounded and compared. [ Result] The puff-by-puff deliv- ery profiles of NFDPT,nicotine and carbon monoxide increased with increasing puff number. This trend was similar to that of particulate matters. The transfer ratio of flavored tobacco was increasing in general, but partial flavors augmented to the maximum value and then decreased slowly. [ Conclusion] The study provided reference for the application of carbonyl compounds in tobacco.展开更多
This study presents the possibilities and particularities of political communication subject Slovak Democratic and Christian Union-Democratic Party (SDKU-DS) convergence during Slovak premature elections in 2012. Th...This study presents the possibilities and particularities of political communication subject Slovak Democratic and Christian Union-Democratic Party (SDKU-DS) convergence during Slovak premature elections in 2012. The significance is being drawn to the identification of formal and informal political party leader personalization of effectivity. By using semantic differential method, we are identifying how students from internal and external study programmes of mass media studies specialization perceive political candidates of SDKU-DS, with the emphasis on gender differentiation of perception展开更多
We live in an increasingly postmodern society. American Christianity, however, is imbued in a modem---even pre-modern--paradigm. As a result, many contemporary religious leaders find it difficult to communicate with t...We live in an increasingly postmodern society. American Christianity, however, is imbued in a modem---even pre-modern--paradigm. As a result, many contemporary religious leaders find it difficult to communicate with their postmodern constituents, as evidenced by declining attendance rates and religious affiliation. The present study explores this dilemma by offering potential implications for contemporary religious leaders to communicate more effectively with emerging/emergent generation(s). The author begins this exploration, first, by outlining the philosophical tenants of postmodemism: its epistemological, ontological, and axiological assumptions. Second, the author delineates several key characteristics of postmodern religious communication. Next, the author offers three practical implications for organizational leaders: (1) increased use of personal narrative, (2) removal of hierarchal boundary structures, and (3) increased awareness and appreciation for divergent perspectives. The author concludes this study with directions for future research.展开更多
Opinion leaders play a critical role in network public opinion transmission, their perspectives can shape public opinion and influence policy formulation and implementation. The paper is based on SINA micro-blog, by s...Opinion leaders play a critical role in network public opinion transmission, their perspectives can shape public opinion and influence policy formulation and implementation. The paper is based on SINA micro-blog, by structural equation model, as Fudan Poisoning Event for example, On the basis of in-depth analysis of opinion leaders effect on network public opinion transmission characteristics, Explore the opinion leaders on the influence of network public opinion transmission mechanism, in order to better play a role of opinion leader's guidance of public opinion.展开更多
Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of sinew-regulating and bone-setting manipulation combined with functional exercise to treat mild to moderate rotator cuff injury (RCI).Methods:Forty patients with mild to mo...Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of sinew-regulating and bone-setting manipulation combined with functional exercise to treat mild to moderate rotator cuff injury (RCI).Methods:Forty patients with mild to moderate RCI were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group,with 20 cases in each group.The treatment group was given sinew-regulating and bone-setting manipulation combined with functional exercise,and the control group was given the same manipulation as the treatment group.The therapeutic effect on the functional improvement was assessed after treatment according to pain threshold,shoulder range of motion (ROM) including flexion,abduction,internal rotation and external rotation,and the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder rating score.Results:Compared with the same group before treatment,the pain threshold,shoulder flexion,abduction,internal and external rotations increased after the treatment in the two groups (all P<0.05).The UCLA shoulder rating score increased (both P<0.05).The improvement in the treatment group is significantly better than that in the control group with a statistical significance (P<0.05).The total effective rate was 95.0% in the treatment group,was higher than 65.0% in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion:The sinew-regulating and bone-setting manipulation combined with functional exercise relieve the pain of patients with mild to moderate RCI,increase the motion of shoulder joints,and improve the quality of life of patients.The curative effect is better than the treatment of simple sinew-regulating and bone-setting manipulation.展开更多
Since reconciliation was first described more than 20 years ago, a large number of postconflict be- haviors have been observed among females in many polygynous primate species. However, few studies have been conducted...Since reconciliation was first described more than 20 years ago, a large number of postconflict be- haviors have been observed among females in many polygynous primate species. However, few studies have been conducted among males, perhaps due to the rarity with which they maintain friendly relationships with one another and their aggressive competition for resources. Although this is true for many primate males, Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus roxellana represent a potential exception as male cooperation has been known to occur. In this study, using postconfiict/ matched-control(PC-MC) and time-rule methods, we analyzed postconflict behavior among males and the possible occurrence of bystander affiliation or reconciliation. A total of 246 PC-MC pairs among leader males were obtained. On average, each leader male exhibited only 0.04 aggressive be- haviors per observation hour, and conciliation among leader males occurred at a low rate (2.03%) relative to other primate species. The occurrence of consolation-affiliation interactions between focal males and group members other than former opponents differed significantly between PCs and MCs, which is the first time this has been confirmed among R. roxellana males. We discuss the results in light of recent theories concerning consolation in primates. The patterns of postconflict contact demonstrated that R. roxellana may be a unique species among colobines.展开更多
This paper investigates both the robust semi-global leaderless consensus problem and the robust semi-global containment control problem for a group of identical linear systems with imperfect actuators. The imperfect a...This paper investigates both the robust semi-global leaderless consensus problem and the robust semi-global containment control problem for a group of identical linear systems with imperfect actuators. The imperfect actuators are characterized by nonlinearities such as saturation and dead zone and there input output relationships are not precisely known. The dynamics of follower agents are also affected by the input additive disturbances. Low-and-high gain feedback consensus protocols are constructed to solve these problems. More specifically, it is shown that robust semi-global leaderless consensus can be achieved over a connected undirected graph and robust semi-global containment control can be achieved when each follower agent has access to the information of at least one leader agent. Numerical simulation illustrates the theoretical results.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81471019(to Hu SY)and No.81300286(to Liu SZ)Foundation for Outstanding Young Scientist in Shandong Province,No.BS2013YY031(to Liu SZ)+1 种基金Science and Technology Development Program of Shandong Province,No.2014GGE27485(to Liu SZ)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China,No.20130131120069(to Liu SZ)
文摘AIM To investigate the effects of sleeve gastrectomy plus trunk vagotomy(SGTV) compared with sleeve gastrectomy(SG) in a diabetic rat model.METHODS SGTV, SG, TV and Sham operations were performed on rats with diabetes induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin. Body weight, food intake, oral glucose tolerance test, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR), hepatic insulin signaling(IR, IRS1, IRS2, PI3 K and AKT), oral glucose stimulatedinsulin secretion, GLP-1 and ghrelin were compared at various postoperative times.RESULTS Both SG and SGTV resulted in better glucose tolerance, lower HOMA-IR, up-regulated hepatic insulin signaling, higher levels of oral glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, higher postprandial GLP-1 and lower fasting ghrelin levels than the TV and Sham groups. No significant differences were observed between the SG and SGTV groups. In addition, no significant differences were found between the TV and Sham groups in terms of glucose tolerance, HOMA-IR, hepatic insulin signaling, oral glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, postprandial GLP-1 and fasting ghrelin levels. No differences in body weight and food intake were noted between the four groups.CONCLUSION SGTV is feasible for diabetes control and is independent of weight loss. However, SGTV did not result in a better improvement in diabetes than SG alone.
文摘Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy(LSG) has reached wide popularity during the last 15 years, due to the limited morbidity and mortality rates, and the very good weight loss results and effects on comorbid conditions. However, there are concerns regarding the effects of LSG on gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD). The interpretation of the current evidence is challenged by the fact that the LSG technique is not standardized, and most studies investigate the presence of GERD by assessing symptoms and the use of acid reducing medications only. A few studies objectively investigated gastroesophageal function and the reflux profile by esophageal manometry and 24-h p H monitoring, reporting postoperative normalization of esophageal acid exposure in up to 85% of patients with preoperative GERD, and occurrence of de novo GERD in about 5% of cases. There is increasing evidence showing the key role of the surgical technique on the incidence of postoperative GERD. Main technical issues are a relative narrowing of the mid portion of the gastric sleeve, a redundant upper part of the sleeve(both depending on the angle under which the sleeve is stapled), and the presence of a hiatal hernia. Concomitant hiatal hernia repair is recommended. To date, either medical therapy with proton pump inhibitors or conversion of LSG to laparoscopic Rouxen-Y gastric bypass are the available options for the management of GERD after LSG. Recently, new minimally invasive approaches have been proposed in patients with GERD and hypotensive LES: the LINX? Reflux Management System procedure and the Stretta? procedure. Large studies are needed to assess the safety and long-term efficacy of these new approaches. In conclusion, the recent publication of p H monitoring data and the new insights in the association between sleeve morphology and GERD control have led to a wider acceptance of LSG as bariatric procedure also in obese patients with GERD, as recently stated in the 5^(th) International Consensus Conference on sleeve gastrectomy.
文摘AIM To evaluate the risks of medical conditions, evaluate gastric sleeve narrowing, and assess hydrostatic balloon dilatation to treat dysphagia after vertical sleeve gastrectomy(VSG).METHODS VSG is being performed more frequently worldwide as a treatment for medically-complicated obesity, and dysphagia is common post-operatively. We hypothesize that post-operative dysphagia is related to underlying medical conditions or narrowing of the gastric sleeve. This is a retrospective, single institution study of consecutive patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy from 2013 to 2015. Patients with previous bariatric procedures were excluded. Narrowing of a gastric sleeve includes: inability to pass a 9.6 mm gastroscope due to stenosis or sharp angulation or spiral hindering its passage.RESULTS Of 400 consecutive patients, 352 are included; the prevalence of dysphagia is 22.7%; 33 patients(9.3%) have narrowing of the sleeve with 25(7.1%) having sharp angulation or a spiral while 8(2.3%) have a stenosis. All 33 patients underwent balloon dilatation of the gastric sleeve and dysphagia resolved in 13 patients(39%); 10 patients(30%) noted resolution of dysphagia after two additional dilatations. In a multivariate model, medical conditions associated with post-operative dysphagia include diabetes mellitus, symptoms of esophageal reflux, a low whole blood thiamine level, hypothyroidism, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and use of opioids.CONCLUSION Narrowing of the gastric sleeve and gastric sleeve stenosis are common after VSG. Endoscopic balloon dilatations of the gastric sleeve resolves dysphagia in 69% of patients.
基金Supported by Group for Minimal-invasive Chirurgie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat, Mainz, Germany
文摘AIM: To evaluate a newly developed hand-held confocal probe for in vivo microscopic imaging of the complete gastrointestinal tract in rodents. METHODS: A novel rigid confocal probe (diameter 7 mm) was designed with optical features similar to the flexible endomicroscopy system for use in humans using a 488 nm single line laser for fluorophore excitation, Light emission was detected at 505 to 750 nm. The field of view was 475 μm × 475 μm. Optical slice thickness was 7 μm with a lateral resolution of 0.7 μm. Subsurface serial images at different depths (surface to 250 μm) were generated in real time at 1024 × 1024 pixels (0.8 frames/s) by placing the probe onto the tissue in gentle, stable contact. Tissue specimens were sampled for histopathological correlation.RESULTS: The esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine and meso, liver, pancreas and gall bladder were visualised in vivo at high resolution in n = 48 mice. Real time microscopic imaging with the confocal minimicroscopy probe was easy to achieve. The different staining protocols (fluorescein, acriflavine, FITC-labelled dextran and L. esculentum lectin) each highlighted specific aspects of the tissue, and in vivo imaging correlated excellently with conventional histology. In vivo blood flow monitoring added a functional quality to morphologic imaging.CONCLUSION: Confocal microscopy is feasible in vivo allowing the visualisation of the complete GI tract at high resolution even of subsurface tissue structures. The new confocal probe design evaluated in this study is compatible with laparoscopy and significantly expands the field of possible applications to intra-abdominal organs. It allows immediate testing of new in vivo staining and application options and therefore permits rapid transfer from animal studies to clinical use in patients.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81270969(to Wei Zhang)and No.81300723(to Cheng-Xiang Shan)Shanghai Science and Technology Commission,No.12ZR1439100(to Wei Zhang)
文摘AIM To examine the changes of the ghrelin/ghrelin O-acyltransferase(GOAT) axis and the mammalian target of rapamycin(m TOR) pathway in the hypothalamus after sleeve gastrectomy.METHODS A total of 30 obese type-2 diabetes Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats, 6 wk of age, fed with high-sugar and highfat fodder for 2 mo plus intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin were randomly divided into three groups: non-operation group(S0 group, n = 10), sham operation group(Sh group, n = 10) and sleeve gastrectomy group(SG group, n = 10). Data of body mass, food intake, oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT), acylated ghrelin(AG) and total ghrelin(TG) were collected and measured at the first day(when the rats were 6 wk old), preoperative day 3 and postoperative week 8. The m RNA expression of preproghrelin, GOAT and neuropeptide Y(NPY), and protein expression of ghrelin, GOAT, GHSR and the m TOR pathway(p-Akt, p-m TOR and p-S6) were measured in the hypothalamus.RESULTS SG can significantly improve metabolic symptoms by reducing body mass and food intake. The obese rats showed lower serum TG levels and no change in AG, but the ratio of AG/TG was increased. When compared with the S0 and Sh groups, the SG group showed decreased TG(1482.03 ± 26.55, 1481.49 ± 23.30 and 1206.63 ± 52.02 ng/L, respectively, P < 0.05), but unchanged AG(153.06 ± 13.74, 155.37 ± 19.30 and 144.44 ± 16.689 ng/L, respectively, P > 0.05). As a result, the ratio of AG/TG further increased in the SG group(0.103 ± 0.009, 0.105 ± 0.013 and 0.12 ± 0.016, respectively, P < 0.05). When compared with the S0 group, SG suppressed m RNA and protein levels of preproghrelin(0.63 ± 0.12 vs 0.5 ± 0.11, P < 0.05) and GOAT(0.96 ± 0.09 vs 0.87 ± 0.08, P < 0.05), but did not change NPY m RNA expression(0.61 ± 0.04 vs 0.65 ± 0.07, P > 0.05) in the hypothalamus. The protein levels of p-Akt, p-m TOR and p-S6 were higher in the SG group, which indicated that the hypothalamic m TOR pathway was activated after SG at the postoperative week 8. CONCLUSION The reduction of ghrelin expression and activation of the m TOR pathway might have opposite effects on food intake, as SG improves obesity and T2 DM.
文摘[Objecdve] The aim was to observe the puff-by-puff transfer ratios of some flavors in cigarettes. [Method] Based on national stand- ards, the puff-by-puff transfer of tobacco of carbonyl flavors was analyzed. In the meantime, by dint of simultaneous distillation and extraction equip- ment coupled to GC and GC/MS, the puff-by-puff transfer ratios to TPM of smoke were expounded and compared. [ Result] The puff-by-puff deliv- ery profiles of NFDPT,nicotine and carbon monoxide increased with increasing puff number. This trend was similar to that of particulate matters. The transfer ratio of flavored tobacco was increasing in general, but partial flavors augmented to the maximum value and then decreased slowly. [ Conclusion] The study provided reference for the application of carbonyl compounds in tobacco.
文摘This study presents the possibilities and particularities of political communication subject Slovak Democratic and Christian Union-Democratic Party (SDKU-DS) convergence during Slovak premature elections in 2012. The significance is being drawn to the identification of formal and informal political party leader personalization of effectivity. By using semantic differential method, we are identifying how students from internal and external study programmes of mass media studies specialization perceive political candidates of SDKU-DS, with the emphasis on gender differentiation of perception
文摘We live in an increasingly postmodern society. American Christianity, however, is imbued in a modem---even pre-modern--paradigm. As a result, many contemporary religious leaders find it difficult to communicate with their postmodern constituents, as evidenced by declining attendance rates and religious affiliation. The present study explores this dilemma by offering potential implications for contemporary religious leaders to communicate more effectively with emerging/emergent generation(s). The author begins this exploration, first, by outlining the philosophical tenants of postmodemism: its epistemological, ontological, and axiological assumptions. Second, the author delineates several key characteristics of postmodern religious communication. Next, the author offers three practical implications for organizational leaders: (1) increased use of personal narrative, (2) removal of hierarchal boundary structures, and (3) increased awareness and appreciation for divergent perspectives. The author concludes this study with directions for future research.
文摘Opinion leaders play a critical role in network public opinion transmission, their perspectives can shape public opinion and influence policy formulation and implementation. The paper is based on SINA micro-blog, by structural equation model, as Fudan Poisoning Event for example, On the basis of in-depth analysis of opinion leaders effect on network public opinion transmission characteristics, Explore the opinion leaders on the influence of network public opinion transmission mechanism, in order to better play a role of opinion leader's guidance of public opinion.
文摘Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of sinew-regulating and bone-setting manipulation combined with functional exercise to treat mild to moderate rotator cuff injury (RCI).Methods:Forty patients with mild to moderate RCI were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group,with 20 cases in each group.The treatment group was given sinew-regulating and bone-setting manipulation combined with functional exercise,and the control group was given the same manipulation as the treatment group.The therapeutic effect on the functional improvement was assessed after treatment according to pain threshold,shoulder range of motion (ROM) including flexion,abduction,internal rotation and external rotation,and the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder rating score.Results:Compared with the same group before treatment,the pain threshold,shoulder flexion,abduction,internal and external rotations increased after the treatment in the two groups (all P<0.05).The UCLA shoulder rating score increased (both P<0.05).The improvement in the treatment group is significantly better than that in the control group with a statistical significance (P<0.05).The total effective rate was 95.0% in the treatment group,was higher than 65.0% in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion:The sinew-regulating and bone-setting manipulation combined with functional exercise relieve the pain of patients with mild to moderate RCI,increase the motion of shoulder joints,and improve the quality of life of patients.The curative effect is better than the treatment of simple sinew-regulating and bone-setting manipulation.
文摘Since reconciliation was first described more than 20 years ago, a large number of postconflict be- haviors have been observed among females in many polygynous primate species. However, few studies have been conducted among males, perhaps due to the rarity with which they maintain friendly relationships with one another and their aggressive competition for resources. Although this is true for many primate males, Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus roxellana represent a potential exception as male cooperation has been known to occur. In this study, using postconfiict/ matched-control(PC-MC) and time-rule methods, we analyzed postconflict behavior among males and the possible occurrence of bystander affiliation or reconciliation. A total of 246 PC-MC pairs among leader males were obtained. On average, each leader male exhibited only 0.04 aggressive be- haviors per observation hour, and conciliation among leader males occurred at a low rate (2.03%) relative to other primate species. The occurrence of consolation-affiliation interactions between focal males and group members other than former opponents differed significantly between PCs and MCs, which is the first time this has been confirmed among R. roxellana males. We discuss the results in light of recent theories concerning consolation in primates. The patterns of postconflict contact demonstrated that R. roxellana may be a unique species among colobines.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61733018Shanghai Natural Science Foundation under Grant No.17ZR1445400+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant Nos.2017M610233 and 2016T90373the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities under Grant No.222201714030the US Army Research Office under Grant No.W911NF-17-1-0535
文摘This paper investigates both the robust semi-global leaderless consensus problem and the robust semi-global containment control problem for a group of identical linear systems with imperfect actuators. The imperfect actuators are characterized by nonlinearities such as saturation and dead zone and there input output relationships are not precisely known. The dynamics of follower agents are also affected by the input additive disturbances. Low-and-high gain feedback consensus protocols are constructed to solve these problems. More specifically, it is shown that robust semi-global leaderless consensus can be achieved over a connected undirected graph and robust semi-global containment control can be achieved when each follower agent has access to the information of at least one leader agent. Numerical simulation illustrates the theoretical results.