In this paper, the current situation of China＇ s Ping-pong referees team is studied using the methods such as document literatures and investigation, and the basic situation of the team is analyzed, and also the leve...In this paper, the current situation of China＇ s Ping-pong referees team is studied using the methods such as document literatures and investigation, and the basic situation of the team is analyzed, and also the level of law enforcement and the existing main problems are summarized, so as to explore the new ideas for the construction of the Ping-pong referees team and also provide a basis for China to train excellent Ping-pong referees. Through investigation, it is found that the problems such as the aging structure, poor English, insufficient training, and less judgment chances of the Ping-pong referee team should be practically solved, and also the artistic judgment quality should be improved.展开更多
This study is looking specifically at the pre- and post-game stresses placed on referees and match officials. The initial research has indicated that although people are aware that referees suffer from stress during m...This study is looking specifically at the pre- and post-game stresses placed on referees and match officials. The initial research has indicated that although people are aware that referees suffer from stress during matches, many of the causes of these stresses can have an ongoing affect leading into pre- and post-game stresses. Identified causes of pre- and post-game stress have included players/coaches, spectators, other referees, commentators, previous results, weather, reputation of the team{s）, and the crowd. Preliminary results of the study have shown that referees suffering from stress are more inclined to ＂drop out＂ of refereeing as well as make mistakes when they are refereeing, including misinterpreting rules, missing incidents in matches which well as the cost/investment could result in players injuries. There is also the concern of the lack of numbers of new referees as in referees who drop out because of the stress and abuse.展开更多
State policies exert a great influence over Chinese civil justice. Article 6 of the General Principles of Civil Law stipulates that state policies are a source of civil law, but the path by which they enter civil just...State policies exert a great influence over Chinese civil justice. Article 6 of the General Principles of Civil Law stipulates that state policies are a source of civil law, but the path by which they enter civil justice is not a rational one and may lead to adjudication difficulties with state policies. State policies are integrated with state law, and the laws and legal interpretations formulated by the National People＇s Congress and its Standing Committee, judicial interpretations, administrative regulations, autonomous regulations and special regulations, administrative rules and other regulatory documents are forms of expression of state policies. Different rules for adjudication apply depending on the different vehicles of state policy. The Supreme People＇s Court can play a role in making public policy and guiding state policy into civil adjudication through ＂open＂ and ＂unseen＂ channels.展开更多
The main significance of witnesses＇ appearing in court to testify in criminal trials is that this practice guarantees the defendant＇s right to confrontation. The issue can thus be framed in another way, as the issue...The main significance of witnesses＇ appearing in court to testify in criminal trials is that this practice guarantees the defendant＇s right to confrontation. The issue can thus be framed in another way, as the issue of the appearance in court of the necessary witnesses. Here, the defendant＇s right to confront is the key point. Since neither China＇s criminal procedural law nor corresponding judicial interpretations have granted the defendant the right to confront, the rate of appearance of the necessary witnesses amounts in practice to only about twenty- five percent. Criminal trials conducted in the absence of the right to confrontation usually conform to the doctrine of positive substantive truth and manifest a lack of care in conviction and sentencing as well as reliance on a single source of legitimacy in reaching judgments. To correct this state of affairs, it is necessary to institute the right to confront and corresponding safeguards.展开更多
The objective phenomenon of reliance on confessions is the source of many problems in the practice of criminal justice in China. Although successive amendments to the law have endeavored to improve the handling of con...The objective phenomenon of reliance on confessions is the source of many problems in the practice of criminal justice in China. Although successive amendments to the law have endeavored to improve the handling of confessions, they have been unable to resolve the dilemma of a rigid management mode, incompatible management strategies, and conflicting attitudes towards management. This paper has made a multi-dimensional reinterpretation of it from the judges＇ perspective, including functional analysis, cultural interpretation and immediate considerations. It reveals that behind its functions of offering moral comfort or allowing evasion of responsibility, confession, as a medium of physical and intellectual management, has the more important function of supplementing and improving the legitimacy of criminal verdicts. The remolding of the legitimacy of criminal verdicts with the coordinated improvement of the management of confessions will change the mode of association between those who currently govern confession and those they govern and will clash with the current closed mode of criminal justice management, thereby promoting a transformation in the governance of criminal justice.展开更多
Ref. [J. High Energy Phys. 1708, 001(2017)] showed that the planar flavored Ahanory-Bergman-Jafferis-Maldacena(ABJM)theory is integrable in the scalar sector at two-loop order using coordinate Bethe ansatz. A salient ...Ref. [J. High Energy Phys. 1708, 001(2017)] showed that the planar flavored Ahanory-Bergman-Jafferis-Maldacena(ABJM)theory is integrable in the scalar sector at two-loop order using coordinate Bethe ansatz. A salient feature of this case is that the boundary reflection matrices are anti-diagonal with respect to the chosen basis. In this paper, we relax the coefficients of the boundary terms to be general constants to search for integrable systems among this class. We found that the only integrable boundary interaction at each end of the spin chain aside from the one in ref. [J. High Energy Phys. 1708, 001(2017)] is the one with vanishing boundary interactions leading to diagonal reflection matrices. We also construct non-supersymmetric planar flavored ABJM theory which leads to trivial boundary interactions at both ends of the open chain from the two-loop anomalous dimension matrix in the scalar sector.展开更多
文摘In this paper, the current situation of China＇ s Ping-pong referees team is studied using the methods such as document literatures and investigation, and the basic situation of the team is analyzed, and also the level of law enforcement and the existing main problems are summarized, so as to explore the new ideas for the construction of the Ping-pong referees team and also provide a basis for China to train excellent Ping-pong referees. Through investigation, it is found that the problems such as the aging structure, poor English, insufficient training, and less judgment chances of the Ping-pong referee team should be practically solved, and also the artistic judgment quality should be improved.
文摘This study is looking specifically at the pre- and post-game stresses placed on referees and match officials. The initial research has indicated that although people are aware that referees suffer from stress during matches, many of the causes of these stresses can have an ongoing affect leading into pre- and post-game stresses. Identified causes of pre- and post-game stress have included players/coaches, spectators, other referees, commentators, previous results, weather, reputation of the team{s）, and the crowd. Preliminary results of the study have shown that referees suffering from stress are more inclined to ＂drop out＂ of refereeing as well as make mistakes when they are refereeing, including misinterpreting rules, missing incidents in matches which well as the cost/investment could result in players injuries. There is also the concern of the lack of numbers of new referees as in referees who drop out because of the stress and abuse.
文摘State policies exert a great influence over Chinese civil justice. Article 6 of the General Principles of Civil Law stipulates that state policies are a source of civil law, but the path by which they enter civil justice is not a rational one and may lead to adjudication difficulties with state policies. State policies are integrated with state law, and the laws and legal interpretations formulated by the National People＇s Congress and its Standing Committee, judicial interpretations, administrative regulations, autonomous regulations and special regulations, administrative rules and other regulatory documents are forms of expression of state policies. Different rules for adjudication apply depending on the different vehicles of state policy. The Supreme People＇s Court can play a role in making public policy and guiding state policy into civil adjudication through ＂open＂ and ＂unseen＂ channels.
文摘The main significance of witnesses＇ appearing in court to testify in criminal trials is that this practice guarantees the defendant＇s right to confrontation. The issue can thus be framed in another way, as the issue of the appearance in court of the necessary witnesses. Here, the defendant＇s right to confront is the key point. Since neither China＇s criminal procedural law nor corresponding judicial interpretations have granted the defendant the right to confront, the rate of appearance of the necessary witnesses amounts in practice to only about twenty- five percent. Criminal trials conducted in the absence of the right to confrontation usually conform to the doctrine of positive substantive truth and manifest a lack of care in conviction and sentencing as well as reliance on a single source of legitimacy in reaching judgments. To correct this state of affairs, it is necessary to institute the right to confront and corresponding safeguards.
文摘The objective phenomenon of reliance on confessions is the source of many problems in the practice of criminal justice in China. Although successive amendments to the law have endeavored to improve the handling of confessions, they have been unable to resolve the dilemma of a rigid management mode, incompatible management strategies, and conflicting attitudes towards management. This paper has made a multi-dimensional reinterpretation of it from the judges＇ perspective, including functional analysis, cultural interpretation and immediate considerations. It reveals that behind its functions of offering moral comfort or allowing evasion of responsibility, confession, as a medium of physical and intellectual management, has the more important function of supplementing and improving the legitimacy of criminal verdicts. The remolding of the legitimacy of criminal verdicts with the coordinated improvement of the management of confessions will change the mode of association between those who currently govern confession and those they govern and will clash with the current closed mode of criminal justice management, thereby promoting a transformation in the governance of criminal justice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11575202, and 11447613)
文摘Ref. [J. High Energy Phys. 1708, 001(2017)] showed that the planar flavored Ahanory-Bergman-Jafferis-Maldacena(ABJM)theory is integrable in the scalar sector at two-loop order using coordinate Bethe ansatz. A salient feature of this case is that the boundary reflection matrices are anti-diagonal with respect to the chosen basis. In this paper, we relax the coefficients of the boundary terms to be general constants to search for integrable systems among this class. We found that the only integrable boundary interaction at each end of the spin chain aside from the one in ref. [J. High Energy Phys. 1708, 001(2017)] is the one with vanishing boundary interactions leading to diagonal reflection matrices. We also construct non-supersymmetric planar flavored ABJM theory which leads to trivial boundary interactions at both ends of the open chain from the two-loop anomalous dimension matrix in the scalar sector.
