《标幽赋》“观部分,而知经络之虚实”辨析

《标幽赋》成书于金元时期,作者为针灸名家窦汉卿,本赋因将深幽晦涩的针灸理论简化,并采用歌赋的形式使其琅琅上口,因而广为流传。《标幽赋》中的内容有着清晰的逻辑顺序,书中“观部分,而知经络之虚实”的后文内容为“且夫先令针耀而虑针损,次藏口内而欲针温”。这句话是在讲述医者进针前的准备工作,意为针刺之前,医者需要通过观察局部的“部分”,以了解经络的“虚实”,从而辨明证型、确定治法治则,进而确定诊疗思路。这里的“观”,不仅仅指用眼观察,可以拓展为通过医者的触诊、听诊、切诊等方法进行诊察。

Multi-object tracking based on behaviour and partial observation

To cope with multi-object tracking under real-world complex situations, a new video-based method is proposed. In the detecting step, the moving objects are segmented with the third level DWT （discrete wavelet transform ）and background difference. In the tracking step, the Kalman filter and scale parameter are used first to estimate the object position and bounding box. Then, the center-association-based projection ratio and region-association-based occlusion ratio are defined and combined to judge object behaviours. Finally, the tracking scheme and Kalman parameters are adaptively adjusted according to object behaviour. Under occlusion, partial observability is utilized to obtain the object measurements and optimum box dimensions. This method is robust in tracking mobile objects under such situations as occlusion, new appearing and stablization, etc. Experimental results show that the proposed method is efficient.

Observation of Currents in the Southern Yellow Sea in the Summers of 2001 and 2003

Long term current observations in the southern Yellow Sea are very scarce because of the intense fishing and trawling activities. Most of the previous studies on tides and circulation were not rigorously validated with direct current measurements. In this study, tidal and sub-tidal currents were examined using current profiles from three bottom-moored Sontek Acoustic Doppler Profilers （ADPs） deployed in the southern Yellow Sea in the summers of 2001 and 2003. The measured current time series were dominated by tidal currents. The maximum velocities were between 40-80 cm s^-1 at the mooring stations. The M2 current was the dominant primary tidal constituent, while the MS4 and M4 components produced the most significant shallow water tidal currents with much weaker amplitudes. The measured mean sub-tidal velocities were less than 5 cmsl. The mean flows in the lower layer implied that an anti-cyclonic circulation pattern might exist in the deeper central Yellow Sea. However, the previously expected cyclonic circulation pattern in the upper layer was not clearly shown by the observations.

On stochastic optimal control of partially observable nonlinear quasi Hamiltonian systems

A stochastic optimal control strategy for partially observable nonlinear quasi Hamiltonian systems is proposed. The optimal control forces consist of two parts. The first part is determined by the conditions under which the stochastic optimal control problem of a partially observable nonlinear system is converted into that of a completely observable linear system. The second part is determined by solving the dynamical programming equation derived by applying the stochastic averaging method and stochastic dynamical programming principle to the completely observable linear control system. The response of the optimally controlled quasi Hamiltonian system is predicted by solving the averaged Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov equation associated with the optimally controlled completely observable linear system and solving the Riccati equation for the estimated error of system states. An example is given to illustrate the procedure and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

Microstructure and tensile properties of AM50A magnesium alloy prepared by recrystallisation and partial melting process

Prior to thixoextrusion, the microstructural evolution of semi-solid AM50A magnesium alloy prepared by the recrystallisation and partial remelting (RAP) route was investigated.The effect of compressive ratio on microstructure of semi-solid AM50A magnesium alloy was studied.Furthermore, tensile properties of thixoextruded components were determined.The results showed that the occurrence of recrystallised grains was closely associated with the location of the first liquid formed above the solidus.With prolonging holding time, deformed microstructure was penetrated, causing fragmentation, which resulted in the decrease of average grain size.Moreover, prolonging holding time was favorable for the improvement of the degree of spheroidization due to the increase in the amount of liquid.With the increase in compressive ratio, the size of solid grain decreased, the degree of spheroidization was improved during partial remelting, and the tensile properties of thixoextruded AM50A components were improved.The tensile properties for AM50A magnesium alloy thixoextruded from starting material produced by the RAP route were better than those of the same alloy produced by die-casting and thixomolding.

Contemporary Analytic Philosophy and Bayesian Subjectivism： Why Both Are Incoherent

My purpose in this paper is to argue for two separate, but related theses. The first is that contemporary analytic philosophy is incoherent. This is so, I argue, because its methods contain as an essential constituent a non-classical conception of intuition that cannot be rendered consistent with a key tenet of analytic philosophy unless we allow a Bayesian-subjectivist epistemology. I argue for this within a discussion of two theories of intuition： a classical account as proposed by Descartes and a modem reliabilist account as proposed by Komblith, maintaining that reliabilist accounts require a commitment to Bayesian subjectivism about probability. However, and this is the second thesis, Bayesian subjecfivism is itself logically incoherent given three simple assumptions： （1） some empirical propositions are known, （2） any proposition that is known is assigned a degree of subjective credence of 1, and （3） every empirical proposition is evidentially relevant to at least one other proposition. I establish this using a formal reductio proof. I argue for the t-u-st thesis in section 1 and for the second in section 2. The final section contains a summary and conclusion.

Microstructure of partially remelted billet of AM60 alloy prepared with self-inoculation method

The billets of AM60 alloy, prepared with self-inoculation method, were partially remelted into semisolid state. Effects of process parameters on remelting microstructure of semisolid billet were investigated. Experimental results show that the solid particles obtained with self-inoculation method are in smaller grain size and globular shape after partial remelting, compared with those prepared with other casting methods. In the optimized process conditions, the average size of solid particles of partially remelted billet is 65 μm, and the shape factor is 1.12. The process parameters, i.e. pouting temperature, addition amount of self-inoculants, and the slope angle of multi-stream mixing cooling chalmel have influence on the microstructure of partially remelted billet. The optimized temperature is from 680 ℃ to 700 ℃, addition amount of self-inoculants is between 5% and 7% （mass fraction）, slope angle of multi-stream mixing cooling channel is between 30° and 45°, with which the dendritic microstructure of as-cast billet can be avoided, and the size of solid particles ofremelted billet is reduced.

Evolution of globular microstructures during processing of aluminium slurries

Slurry processing experiments were performed with AlSi7Mg0.6 to identify the globularization mechanisms.The melt sample water quenched slightly above the liquidus point is predominantly dendritic while that cooled into the semi-solid temperature range internally via stirring the melt with a rotating cylindrical block of the alloy itself becomes fully globular.The globules are much smaller when internal cooling and stirring are employed longer to achieve higher solid fractions before casting.Coarse dendrite fragments of various sizes are revealed,in the case of stirring after an initial fraction of solid is first formed without the benefit of additional internal cooling.

Gorgeous Transformation Analysis on Influence of Doctors＇ Clothes on Patients

Doctors＇ clothes have bidden farewell to the historical limitation of only being used as the working clothes, which have become an important part of hospital image. In the eyes of patients, the appearance image of doctors is the image which is most concerned by patients. Doctors＇ clothes beauty reflects the inner beauty of doctors in working, giving the patients the warmth and comfort, which is of great importance to both the physical and mental therapy.

Significance and Microscopic Analysis of Deformation in the Cultural Remains of Western Zhou Dynasty-Late Spring and Autumn Period at Daijiayuan Ruins in Huoshan,Anhui Province,China

During an excavation survey to the Daijiayuan vestige of the Western Zhou Dynasty-Late Spring and Autumn Period at Huoshan in Western Anhui,a ground crack related to tectonic movement and filled with silty fine sand was found. This phenomenon was initially confirmed to be due to seismic liquefaction. Many microscopic seismic relics,such as load structure,flow structure,cutoff plane and flotation of organic matter were found in the directional microscopic analysis of deformation. These discoveries and cognitions prove that there were two earthquake events taking place in the Western Zhou Dynasty-Late Spring and Autumn Period in this area. Above-mentioned works enrich and develop the research methods to identify prehistoric earthquake event in eastern China area to a certain extent.

Microscopic dynamic simulation model for pedestrian at signalized intersection

Pedestrian's road-crossing model is the key part of micro-simulation for mixed traffic at signalized intersection.To reproduce the crossing behavior of pedestrians,the microscopic behaviors of the pedestrians passing through the crosswalk at signalized intersection were analyzed.A pedestrian's decision making model based on gap acceptance theory was proposed.Based on the field data at three typical intersections in Beijing,China,the critical gaps and lags of pedestrians were calibrated.In addition,considering pedestrian's required space,a modification of the social force model that consists of a self-deceleration mechanism prevents a simulated pedestrian from continuously pushing over other pedestrians,making the simulation more realistic.After the simple change,the modified social force model is able to reproduce the fundamental diagram of pedestrian flows for densities less than 3.5 m-2 as reported in the literature.

Estimation of Antropogenenic Pressure on Landscapes of Oasises （on Example of Mid and Lower Part of Zarafshan River）

The paper discusses about anthropogenic pressure classification system on landscape oasises. As a result, based on designed criteria rates a thematic map titled ＂Anthropogenic pressure and its consequences on landscapes oasises of mid and lower part of Zarafshan River Basin＂ was developed. The thematic map depicts realthionship between ecological conditions and population diseases along various landscape oasises of the Zarafshan river valley.

Existence of Linear Strategy Equilibrium in Insider Trading with Partial Observations

This paper investigates a linear strategy equilibrium in insider trading in continuous time allowing market makers to know some information on the value of a stock. By the use of filtering theory,the authors prove that in a monopoly market, there exists a unique equilibrium of linear strategy of intensity in a closed form, such that the insider can make positive profits and at which, all of the private information on the value of the stock is released; and the more accurate the information on the value of the stock observed by the market makers, the less the positive profits are made by the insider, and even go to zero. However, there is no Nash equilibrium in a Cournot competition market between two insiders if they both adopt a linear strategy of intensity.

Maximum Principle for Partially-Observed Optimal Control Problems of Stochastic Delay Systems

This paper is concerned with partially-observed optimal control problems for stochastic delay systems. Combining Girsanov's theorem with a standard variational technique, the authors obtain a maximum principle on the assumption that the system equation contains time delay and the control domain is convex. The related adjoint processes are characterized as solutions to anticipated backward stochastic differential equations in finite-dimensional spaces. Then, the proposed theoretical result is applied to study partially-observed linear-quadratic optimal control problem for stochastic delay system and an explicit observable control variable is given.

Evolution of the ductile shear zone of the Paishanlou gold deposits,western Liaoning,China

The combination of field surveys with analysis of microstructure of tectonite and Electron Backscatter Diffraction(EBSD) on quartz fabric indicated that three periods of ductile shear events developed in the Paishanlou gold deposits and the E-W and NE-striking ductile shear zones were formed during each event.The E-W-striking ductile shear zone,accompanied by compressional and dextral shear slip,was shear-cut by the NE-striking shear zones,accompanied by compressional-sinistral shear slip and sinistral-normal shear slip,successively.An E-W-striking ductile shear zone developed at a deeper tectonic level and at middle- to high-temperatures,accompanied by abundant microstructures,including microlayering between a polycrystal quartz belt and mica,and quartz deformation was depended on cylinder(10-10) or <c> glide.The development of an E-W-striking shear zone can be seen as a tectonic pattern in the region of the Paishanlou gold deposits of the collision between the Mongolian tectonic belt and the North Archean Craton from Suolun to the Linxi suture zone during the Indosinian.The NE-striking ductile shear zone developed approximately 160 Ma during the early Yianshanian at middle to shallow tectonic levels and at middle- to low-temperatures,accompanied by typical microstructures,including polycrystal quartz aggregation and quartz subgrain rotation recrystallization,etc.,and quartz deformation was depended on prismatic(1011) glide.The last ductile shear event around the NE-striking shear zone developed at low temperatures and shallow tectonic levels,yielding to a pre-existing NE-striking shear zone,accompanied by abundant microstructures,including low-temperature quartz grain boundary migration and bulging recrystallization.The last ductile shear movement may be related to lithosphere thinning and the destruction of the North China Craton from approximately 130-120 Ma,and this shear event resulted directly in the mineralization in the Paishanlou region.

Landscape design method for a green community based on green building design theory

Landscape design for a green community should be favorable for the ambient ecological environment and for enhancement of both the local climate of a residential area and the environmental quality of life. This paper presents optimization methods for plant landscape design that take account of results of comparisons of noise reduction effects, heat island temperature decreases and effects on ventilation. These methods are based on different plant configurations and various luminous environments, such as exterior sunshine and shaded areas after the simulation of exterior luminous, acoustic and thermal environments of a residential area using the analytic software ECOTECT, CADNA/A, and PHEONICS. Three different types of residential buildings are simulated including a faculty apartment in the Xixi Campus of Zhejiang University, the Huaqing Villa and the Gangwan Jiayuan faculty apartment of Zhejiang University, China, based on green building design theory. In addition, the methods and process flow of landscape design of green residential areas are also described for the improvement of the exterior physical living environment.