汽车“视觉”技术的应用及展望

随着汽车工业的快速发展,以及各种相关技术的日趋完善,汽车的性能也日益增强,日趋全面,不仅完全发挥了其基本的行走功能,而且在此基础上更向"视觉"功能迈进,从而把"视觉"技术引进汽车领域,从提供最基本的视觉信息开始,向超越视觉,甚至代替视觉等更高更广的方向发展,使得汽车的安全性、舒适性和可靠性得到进一步的提高和完善.

Application of Computer Vision Technology in Agriculture

With the development of image processing technology and computer, computer vision technology has been widely used in the production of agriculture,and has made many important achievements. This paper reviews its-research progress on diagnosis of agricultural products, water diagnosis, weed identification,product quality testing and grading, agricultural picking and sorting and other as- pects, and finally put forward its existing problems and prospects for the future.

Weed Recognition Using Image-Processing Technique Based on Leaf Parameters

Weeds normally grow in patches and spatially distributed in field. Patch spraying to control weeds has advantages of chemical saving, reduced cost and environmental pollution. Advent of electro-optical sensing capabilities has paved the way of using machine vision technologies for patch spraying. Machine vision system has to acquire and process digital images to make control decisions. Proper identification and classification of objects present in image holds the key to make control decisions and use of any spraying operation performed. Recognition of objects in digital image may be affected by background, intensity, image resolution, orientation of the object and geometrical characteristics. A set of 16, including 11 shape and 5 texture-based parameters coupled with predictive discriminating analysis has been used to identify the weed leaves. Geometrical features were indexed successfully to eliminate the effect of object orientation. Linear discriminating analysis was found to be more effective in correct classification of weed leaves. The classification accuracy of 69% to 80% was observed. These features can be utilized for development of image based variable rate sprayer.

New method for capturing arc of moving on switching apparatus

The switching arc that occurs in contact gap when contact of low voltage apparatus closes or breaks in electric circuit is harmful to the contacts, insulation, and reliability of electrical gear because of its very high temperature. As arcing time is very short in switching gear, it is very difficult to observe arc phenomena directly for researchers. Therefore, visualization of switching arc is important for understanding arc phenomena, to analyze the arc features, and to improve the design and reliability of switching gear. Based on analyzing the visualization methods proposed by researchers, a new switching arc capturing approach is introduced in this paper. Arc image acquisition, and image processing techniques were studied. A switching arc image acquisition and visual simulation software based on high speed CCD camera hard ware system was designed and implemented to yield en- hanced arc image with good visual effect.

A PERSONALIZED IMAGE RETRIEVAL BASED ON VISUAL PERCEPTION

A new scheme named personalized image retrieval technique based on visual perception is proposed in this letter, whose motive is to narrow the semantic gap by directly perceiving user's visual information. It uses visual attention model to segment image regions and eye-tracking technique to record fixations. Visual perception is obtained by analyzing the fixations in regions to measure gaze interests. Integrating visual perception into attention model is to detect the Regions Of Interest (ROIs), whose features are extracted and analyzed, then feedback interests to optimize the results and construct user profiles.

Machine vision system for visual defect inspection of TFT-LCD

To improve the identification for visual defect of TFF-LCD, a new machine vision system is proposed, which is superior to human eye inspection. The system respectively employs a CCD camera to capture the image of TFT-LCD panel and an image processing system to identify potential visual defects. Image pre-processing, such as average filtering and geometric correction, was performed on the captured image, and then a candidate area of defect was segmented from the background. Feature information extracted from the area of interest entered a fuzzy rule-based classifier that simulated the defect inspection of TFT-LCD undertaken by experienced technicians. Experiment results show that the machine vision system can obtain fast, objective and accurate inspection compared with subjective and inaccurate human eye inspection.

OBJECT-BASED SUPER RESOLUTION FOR INTELLIGENT VISUAL SURVEILLANCE VIDEO

Construction of high resolution images from low resolution sequences is often im- portant in surveillance applications. In this letter, an affine based multi-scale block-matching image registration algorithm is first proposed. The images to be registered are divided into overlapped blocks of different size according to its motions. The Least Square (LS) image reg- istration algorithm is extended to match the blocks. Then an object based Super Resolution (SR) scheme is designed, the Maximum A Priori (MAP) super resolution algorithm is extended to enhance the resolution of the interest objects. Experimental results show that the proposed multi-scale registration method provides more accurate registration between frames. Further more, the object based super resolution scheme shows an enhanced performance compared with the traditional MAP method.

Quantifying of Paraplegic Patient Facial Agitation Based on Fuzzy k-NN

A non-specific symptom of one or more physical, or psychological processes in which screaming, shouting, complaining, moaning, cursing, pacing, fidgeting or wandering pose risk or discomfort, become disruptive or unsafe or interfere with the delivery of care are called agitation. Individuals in agitation manifest their condition through ＂pain behavior＂, which includes facial expressions. Clinicians regard the patient＇s facial expression as a valid indicator for pain and pain intensity. Hence, correct interpretation of the facial agitation of the patient and its correlation with pain is a fundamental step in designing an automated pain assessment system. Computer vision techniques can be used to quantify agitation in sedated patients in Intensive Care Unit （ICU）. In particular, such techniques can be used to develop objective agitation measurements from patient motion. In the case of paraplegic patients, whole body movement is not available, and hence, monitoring the whole body motion is not a viable solution. Hence in this case, the author measured head motion and facial grimacing for quantifying facial patient agitation in critical care based on Fuzzy k-NN.

Study of Web-based integration of pneumatic manipulator and its vision positioning

Pneumatic driven system is widely used in industrial automation, mainly for relatively simple tasks with open-loop control. Because of the pneumatic system’s compressibility and few stop positions, it was considered hard to control in a precise motion control system. With the help of newly developed pneumatic servo control technology, using servo-pneumatic positioning controller now is just as easy as using electro-servo system. This article discusses Web-based servo-pneumatic manipulator control and object recognition and positioning. The authors built a three-degrees-of-freedom (3 DOF) pneumatic manipulator with a servo-pneumatic closed-loop control system and machine vision system in their lab. Web-based tele-operation was a basic ability in this experimental system. After installing a CCD camera, video capture card, and related software developed by the authors, the robot could recognize the user specified object through the Web page and find its position. The remote user could command the robot to move to the position and to grab the object. The critical issues of Web-based control are to integrate hybrid open-architecture mechatronic system through the Web and develop a software language environment characterized by the script. The authors’ experiment showed that pneumatic devices could serve as accurate position control and be controlled through the Web.

Computer Vision Applied to Recognition Barcodes

The bar code is one of the identification technologies used more successfully in the world. This technology was first developed as the second half of the twentieth century and quickly achieved acceptance in both industry and commerce. In this paper studies are discussed on the design, development and printing of one-dimensional barcodes of the symbologies Code 39 and Interleaved 2 of 5. There are also discussed techniques for recovering the information encoded in the bar code, which can be extended to other symbologies. The purpose of the paper is the development of an open solution with the objective to make the decoding of barcodes using computer vision techniques possible, which will be divided into four basic stages： acquisition, pre-processing, processing and presentation of results. Practical tests conducted with samples show satisfactory results, validating the operating principles of the elements involved. The proposed objective was achieved and practical tests validated the operating principles of the elements addressed by providing contribution to that segment decoding barcodes.

Technology Makes it Happen -But it Doesn＇t Tell the Story by Itself

Technology we used in order to tell visual stories is constantly improving, newer technology superseding the old one at a breathtaking rate. Yet, video technology is a means and does not do the storytelling itself. However, visual storytellers must keep themselves updated with technology in order to get the best of their work. DSLR cameras are now leading the visual storytelling pack and some respected visual storytellers share conclusions of their experiences.

Application of computer technology in fruit science

This paper summarized the application of computer technology in fruit science, including crop modelling, expert system, decision support system (DSS), computer vision (CV), the Internet, 3 “S”technology, etc. The existing problems and prospects are also discussed in the paper.

Using Computer Vision and Intelligent Classification Techniques for the Classification and Selection of Brazilian Nuts

Aiming to improve the processes involved in the industrial beneficiation of the Brazilian nuts, this work used a new methodology based on concepts of computer vision and intelligent classification, with a focus on two of the various stages of the processing： classification according to the origin and selection. Using the proposed methodology for the selection of the nuts it was possible to distinguish between intact and broken nuts and between good and spoiled nuts with a very high percentage of correct identifications. Also to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed methodology, visual tests by human subjects were performed for the classification of the nuts, the results demonstrated that the intelligent techniques performed the same or better than the visual classification.

Method for Signals Detection in Single Crystal Diffraction Patterns through a Diffraction Pattern Indexing Software

The correct use of information in science and technology is very important for its progress. Nowadays, the equipment used for the scientific and technological development provides results that are later interpreted by the researchers, in most of the above mentioned equipment the results are images full of information which has to be analyzed. A powerful stage with multiple benefits in this field is the image pre-processing by means of intelligent systems, which are capable to do image analysis throwing very useful results that enhance the scientific and technological information. There are currently more than 500 functions in the computational vision specialized open source library OpenCV, which associated with the C＋＋ programming language. These functions are used for application development in many areas of computer vision such as products inspection, medical images, safety, user＇s interfaces, camera calibration, stereoscopic vision and robotics. In this development and research work, by using the available functions and modifying the exposed methods, we present a proposal for signal detection in images originated in the transmission electron microscope （known as diffraction patterns）, which are attached to the detailed analysis of crystalline structures used in the study of the materials science, the results show a profit of at least 18% in the detection of signs by means of the method proposed in this work.

Path Planning of Planar Kinked Line Seam by Visual Servoing for Robotic Welding

Welding path planning can substitute for the manual teaching process of the robot and can promote the autonomous level of the robotic welding. A path planning method by visual servoing was presented, in which the optimal angle of charge-coupled device (CCD) camera was also planned. Aiming at planning two forms of kinked line seams, obtuse angle seam and right angle seam, a practicable solution was put forward. In this solution, the intersection of two adjacent straight segments is detected in each local seam image, and if intersection is found, the seam errors are calculated using the next straight segment. The experimental results show that kinked line seam can be well planned using this solution.

Virtual Political Communication in Bulgaria

Social networks are the result of a couple of circumstances such as the current development of communication technology and the improvement of the opportunities for communication, access to new ideas, web-based information, electronic resources and database serving millions of people all over the world. Social networks have increased their public influence, which contain videotaped speeches and presentations. Multimodality has become a characteristic feature of contemporary political virtual communication. Bulgarian politicians appreciate the Internet as a tool for building popularity in its wealth of features, forms, and modes. Communicative tools and techniques have changed. The forms of the Bulgarian political communication found in the virtual environment such as sites, blogs, social networks, video clips, virtual forums, etc. are heterogeneous. Bulgarian citizens accept the Internet as a tool for increased political and social activities. Civil oratory, which is seen as a mechanism for efficient organizing of public events during election campaigns, protests, and demonstrations, is also present in the social networks. The citizens use a combination of verbal and visual elements; they are bloggers and participants in virtual political forums and actively participate in the spread of all kinds of forms of the social networks. They take part in the street demonstrations and organize performances; they ridicule politicians through posters and cartoons published online. Verbal and visual messages of the citizens come to real life during the protests and to virtual life in the social networks. The polyphony of social networks is a manifestation of virtual civil communication where the citizens in their virtual projection as netizens build up a new complex model of communication.

A Novel Robot Motion Planning Model based on Visual Navigation and Fuzzy Control

In this paper, we propose the novel robot motion planning model based on the visual navigation and fuzzy control. A robot operating system can be viewed as the mechanical energy converter from the joint space to the global operation space, and the fiexibility of the robot system refi ects the global transformation ability of the whole system. Fuzzy control technology is a kind of fuzzy science, artificial intelligence, knowledge engineering and other disciplines interdisciplinary fields, the theory of strong science and technology, to achieve this fuzzy control technology theory, known as the fuzzy control theory. Besides this, this paper integrates the visual navigation system to construct the better robust methodology which is meaningful.

Face Detection Technology Based on Robot Vision

One being developed automatic sweep robot, need to estimate if anyone is on a certain range of road ahead then automatically adjust running speed, in order to ensure work efficiency and operation safety. This paper proposed a method using face detection to predict the data of image sensor. The experimental results show that, the proposed algorithm is practical and reliable, and good outcome have been achieved in the application of instruction robot.

Mastering Presenters by Means of Visual Aids： Assessing Students＇ Oral Presentations

The introduction of the ICTs （Information and Communication Technologies） in education has set a new paradigm in knowledge acquisition. The Internet, overhead projectors and interactive boards, presentation and animation software, and online databases are only some resources that teachers use in order to present information in a more dynamic, immediate, and stunning way, transforming and revitalizing the teaching-learning process. The ICTs have been established in the university classroom and nowadays, they have become an essential part in this teaching-learning process. Lecturers make use of them in the same proportion as they make of traditional materials. At the same time, students have to be acquainted with these new technologies and they also have to be able to deal with them. The objective of this paper is twofold： On the one hand, we study and show how our students make use of the technologies when they have to face their oral presentations in the subject Advanced English： Professional Settings （English Studies Degree at Universitat Jaume I in Castellen, Spain）. It is acknowledged that visual aids can be helpful to support a speech, but we want to analyze if the visual aids are successfully applied, how and to which extent. On the other hand, we want to make out the opinions of their classmates about the use of these graphical resources （students fill in a questionnaire about the effectiveness of the visual aids in their classmates＇ presentations and how they would improve them）. Results demonstrate that not only teachers make advantage of the new technological resources, we show, based on the students＇ oral presentations and their peer-reviews, that also our university students are increasingly aware of the advantage and importance of the ICTs in the classroom.

Based on the visual communication design under the influence of the digital media research

The visual communication design is mainly ~om the perspective of people, heard with the help of media technology to convey the information to the design form of object. Visual communication design on people＇s behavior and lifestyle has obvious effect, due to the widespread attention of people. The development of modem social economy and science and technology has changed the way of information extraction, requires designers must be under the influence of digital media technology with more diverse forms of design of visual communication design research. In this paper, on the basis of the brief analysis of the visual communication characteristics and under the influence of digital media design language features, and studies the influence of digital media under the trend of the development of visual communication design several opinions are put forward.