[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the leaf anatomical structures of P. tunicoides populations under water-limited conditions. [Method] 2-year-old seedlings of herbaceous perennial P. tunicoides that was intr...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the leaf anatomical structures of P. tunicoides populations under water-limited conditions. [Method] 2-year-old seedlings of herbaceous perennial P. tunicoides that was introduced into the experi- mental field were selected as the research objects. Under the well-watered and wa- ter-limited conditions, we conducted the comparative observation of leaf anatomical structure and stomatal characteristics of two populations by using paraffin slice method and imprinting method. [Result] The result showed that the upper cuticle of P. tunicoides leaves were thickened, the palisade tissue/spongy tissue ratio, vascular bundle diameter and number of xylem vessels in main vein had increased, the stomatal opening became smaller and the stomatal density had increased in winter- spring drought period under water-limited conditions. The plasticity of above traits could be regarded as the important indicators for detecting the responses of P. tunicoides populations to water-limited conditions. Meanwhile, variation amplitudes of these indicators were different among populations. Leaf anatomical structure and stomatal characteristics in Lijiang Axi population under water-limited conditions varied significantly, which might cause the stronger adaptability of this population to drought conditions. [Conclusion] This research provided a reference for the selection of drought-resistant P. tunicoides germplasm and exploration of the adaptive differentia- tion of P. tunicoides populations under natural drought conditions.展开更多
The paper presents a kind of transmission system which employs M-ary Position Phase Shift Keying(MPPSK) to send data and Phase Locked Loop(PLL) based techniques for data retrieve.With a single PLL, MPPSK demodulation ...The paper presents a kind of transmission system which employs M-ary Position Phase Shift Keying(MPPSK) to send data and Phase Locked Loop(PLL) based techniques for data retrieve.With a single PLL, MPPSK demodulation is achieved, as well as carrier recovery and symbol synchronization.Firstly, MPPSK modulation method is briefly introduced.2PPSK's PSD expression is given with its optimization result.Orthogonal Phase Detector(PD) and static threshold are used for the purpose of wider phase range and simplicity in demodulation.The data rate is alterable, which is 4.65 kbps for 2PPSK and 9.3 kbps for 4PPSK in the paper.Then some indicative comparisons in Signal to Noise Ratio Symbol Error Rate(SNR-SER) are made among 2PPSK, 3PPSK and 4PPSK, of which 4PPSK has proved to be optimal in ten slots each symbol conditions.And finally, it is demonstrated by system simulations that lower than 10-4 Symbol Error Rate(SER) performance can be obtained at 13 dB symbol SNR.展开更多
Insight problem solving is characterized by mental impasses,states of mind in which the problem solver does not know what to do next.Although many studies have investigated the neural correlates of insight problem sol...Insight problem solving is characterized by mental impasses,states of mind in which the problem solver does not know what to do next.Although many studies have investigated the neural correlates of insight problem solving,however,the question when mental impasses occur during insight problem solving has been rarely studied.The present study adopted high temporal resolution ERPs to investigate the temporal dynamics of an impasse underlying insight problem solving.Time locked ERPs were recorded associated with problems with impasses(PWI) and problems without impasses(POI).The problem types were determined by participants' subjective responses.The results revealed an early frontocentral P2 was linked with the preconscious awareness of mental impasses and a P3a was associated with fixed attention when the impasse formed.These findings suggest the impasse may occur initially at a relatively early stage and metacognition plays an important role in insight problem solving.展开更多
Post-traumatic osteolysis (PTOL) is a very rare disease occurring after acute trauma or repetitive micro-trauma, which is characterized by persistent pain in the injured site. In this study, we reported 7 patients, in...Post-traumatic osteolysis (PTOL) is a very rare disease occurring after acute trauma or repetitive micro-trauma, which is characterized by persistent pain in the injured site. In this study, we reported 7 patients, in whom osteolysis developed in the distal clavicle, pubis and ischium.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30370156)Yunnan Provincial Key Discipline of Ornamental Plants and Horticulture of Southwest Forestry University,Key Laboratories and School Laboratories Sharing Platform of Provincial Colleges~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the leaf anatomical structures of P. tunicoides populations under water-limited conditions. [Method] 2-year-old seedlings of herbaceous perennial P. tunicoides that was introduced into the experi- mental field were selected as the research objects. Under the well-watered and wa- ter-limited conditions, we conducted the comparative observation of leaf anatomical structure and stomatal characteristics of two populations by using paraffin slice method and imprinting method. [Result] The result showed that the upper cuticle of P. tunicoides leaves were thickened, the palisade tissue/spongy tissue ratio, vascular bundle diameter and number of xylem vessels in main vein had increased, the stomatal opening became smaller and the stomatal density had increased in winter- spring drought period under water-limited conditions. The plasticity of above traits could be regarded as the important indicators for detecting the responses of P. tunicoides populations to water-limited conditions. Meanwhile, variation amplitudes of these indicators were different among populations. Leaf anatomical structure and stomatal characteristics in Lijiang Axi population under water-limited conditions varied significantly, which might cause the stronger adaptability of this population to drought conditions. [Conclusion] This research provided a reference for the selection of drought-resistant P. tunicoides germplasm and exploration of the adaptive differentia- tion of P. tunicoides populations under natural drought conditions.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (60472054)
文摘The paper presents a kind of transmission system which employs M-ary Position Phase Shift Keying(MPPSK) to send data and Phase Locked Loop(PLL) based techniques for data retrieve.With a single PLL, MPPSK demodulation is achieved, as well as carrier recovery and symbol synchronization.Firstly, MPPSK modulation method is briefly introduced.2PPSK's PSD expression is given with its optimization result.Orthogonal Phase Detector(PD) and static threshold are used for the purpose of wider phase range and simplicity in demodulation.The data rate is alterable, which is 4.65 kbps for 2PPSK and 9.3 kbps for 4PPSK in the paper.Then some indicative comparisons in Signal to Noise Ratio Symbol Error Rate(SNR-SER) are made among 2PPSK, 3PPSK and 4PPSK, of which 4PPSK has proved to be optimal in ten slots each symbol conditions.And finally, it is demonstrated by system simulations that lower than 10-4 Symbol Error Rate(SER) performance can be obtained at 13 dB symbol SNR.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2010CB833904)Research Innovation Program for College Graduates of Jiangsu Province (CXLX12_0353, CXLX12_0351)the Fourth High-level Personnel Training Project in Jiangsu Province
文摘Insight problem solving is characterized by mental impasses,states of mind in which the problem solver does not know what to do next.Although many studies have investigated the neural correlates of insight problem solving,however,the question when mental impasses occur during insight problem solving has been rarely studied.The present study adopted high temporal resolution ERPs to investigate the temporal dynamics of an impasse underlying insight problem solving.Time locked ERPs were recorded associated with problems with impasses(PWI) and problems without impasses(POI).The problem types were determined by participants' subjective responses.The results revealed an early frontocentral P2 was linked with the preconscious awareness of mental impasses and a P3a was associated with fixed attention when the impasse formed.These findings suggest the impasse may occur initially at a relatively early stage and metacognition plays an important role in insight problem solving.
文摘Post-traumatic osteolysis (PTOL) is a very rare disease occurring after acute trauma or repetitive micro-trauma, which is characterized by persistent pain in the injured site. In this study, we reported 7 patients, in whom osteolysis developed in the distal clavicle, pubis and ischium.
