目的与传统方法置入导针比较,分析"触摸和漏斗"法快速置入导针引导股骨近端防旋髓内钉(proximal femoral nail antirotation,PFNA)治疗老年股骨转子间骨折手术的优势。方法 2016年4月至2017年4月收治并符合选择标准的50例Evan...目的与传统方法置入导针比较,分析"触摸和漏斗"法快速置入导针引导股骨近端防旋髓内钉(proximal femoral nail antirotation,PFNA)治疗老年股骨转子间骨折手术的优势。方法 2016年4月至2017年4月收治并符合选择标准的50例Evans分型为Ⅰ~Ⅳ型的股骨转子间骨折老年患者为研究对象。其中26例采用了"触摸和漏斗"法置入导针(A组),男10例,女16例;年龄67~96岁,平均(78.1±7.8)岁;左侧14例,右侧12例;受伤到手术时间平均(3.5±1.1)d;依据Evans分型,Ⅰ型5例,Ⅱ型9例,Ⅲ型10例,Ⅳ型2例。24例采用了传统方法置入导针(B组),其中男8例,女16例;年龄66~92岁,平均(77.8±7.2)岁;左侧10例,右侧14例;受伤到手术时间平均(3.6±1.1)d;依据Evans分型:Ⅰ型4例,Ⅱ型8例,Ⅲ型10例,Ⅳ型2例。两组患者资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、在置入导针步骤平均透视次数,自评优良率情况。统计两组患者术后3个月随访情况。结果 A组手术平均时间较B组少,两组差异有统计学意义(t=-10.342,P=0.000)。A组手术平均出血量较B组的少,差异具有统计学意义(t=-5.133,P=0.000)。在置入导针步骤平均透视次数,A组比B组少,差异有统计学意义(t=-5.858,P=0.000)。置入导针时A组自评优良的例数为21例,优良率80.8%,B组优良的例数为9例,优良率37.5%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.732,P=0.003)。两组患者均获得3个月随访,其中A组有1例、B组有2例发生螺旋刀片切割,其余患者骨折骨愈合。结论对于老年股骨转子间骨折,与传统方法比较,置入导针时采用"触摸和漏斗"法可明显降低手术时间、术中出血量及透视次数,置入导针时自评优良率明显增加。展开更多
Geometrical features of micro-systems can be determined by either tactile or optical profiling techniques, which show different non-linear transfer characteristics. This has to be considered especially, if the instrum...Geometrical features of micro-systems can be determined by either tactile or optical profiling techniques, which show different non-linear transfer characteristics. This has to be considered especially, if the instruments operate close to their physical limitations. Depending on the specific measuring task either point-wise or areal optical measurement may be advantageous. Hence, examples for both approaches are discussed. Furthermore, systematic effects, which are related to the measuring principle have to be taken into account, e.g. if sharp edges or slopes are present on the measuring object. As it is shown, for white-light interferometry these difficulties can be solved by a two-wavelength technique.展开更多
文摘Geometrical features of micro-systems can be determined by either tactile or optical profiling techniques, which show different non-linear transfer characteristics. This has to be considered especially, if the instruments operate close to their physical limitations. Depending on the specific measuring task either point-wise or areal optical measurement may be advantageous. Hence, examples for both approaches are discussed. Furthermore, systematic effects, which are related to the measuring principle have to be taken into account, e.g. if sharp edges or slopes are present on the measuring object. As it is shown, for white-light interferometry these difficulties can be solved by a two-wavelength technique.
