书写高“言值”乡土读本--以扬州晚报《大家说》版面为例

作为《扬州晚报》推出的首个“纯专栏”特色版,《大家说》利用名人名家、专家学者优势,通过文字“言值”力量,谱写时代,传播思想,滋养人心,增强人们的乡土认同、文化自信。创办近两年来,已形成品牌效应。

班主任提高自身“言值”的有效策略

语言是班主任管理班级最简单、最直接、最有效的工具。如果班主任的“言值”低,那么语言在管理班级方面的作用也就会降低。更有甚者,还会让一些暴力语言对学生的身心健康成长产生严重的影响。小学班主任应采取一些有效策略,努力使自己成为一名“高言值”的班主任。语言无“指责”有“指引”,无“威逼”有“威严”,无“童惧”有“童趣”等,都是班主任提高自身“言值”的有效策略。

Classification methods of association rules with linguistic terms

A partition of intervals method is adopted in current classification based on associations (CBA), but this method cannot reflect the actual distribution of data and exists the problem of sharp boundary problem. The classification system based on the longest association rules with linguistic terms is discussed, and the shortcoming of this classification system is analyzed. Then, the classification system based on the short association rules with linguistic terms is presented. The example shows that the accuracy of the classification system based on the association rules with linguistic terms is better than two popular classification methods: C4.5 and CBA.

A Kind of Information Processing Method in Linguistic-Value Appraisement of Enterprise Human Resource

Linguistic-value appraisement extensively exists in artificial intelligence and social system. In the appraisement of enterprise human resource, there is a great amount of linguistic-value information. In order to improve the reasonability of the result of appraisement of enterprise human resource, we need to study the methods for processing the linguistic-value information. In this paper, a 2-stages method is proposed for processing the linguistic-value appraisement of enterprise human resource. At the first stage, we choose the experts familiar with the related field according to the appraisement goal and problem. At the second stage, we combine the appraisement results by D-S evidence theory or LOWA operator according to the nature of linguistic variable.

On Normalization of Comprehensive Evaluation System with Complex Uncertain Information

This paper systematically proposes basic requirements on normalization of comprehensive evaluation system with complex uncertain information due to human participation. Four basic academic ideas are as follows: 1) It is necessary to normalize conditions of information acquisition. 2) The effectiveness of comprehensive evaluation depends on the correctness of information acquisition. 3) Any evaluation results can be transformed into linguistic satisfactory degrees. 4) Linguistic values can include a great deal of information. This paper mainly deals with how to select objects to be evaluated, evaluators (panelists) and the methods of information processing, how to construct criteria of evaluation, how to normalize terms of evaluation, the results of evaluation, and the procedure of evaluation.

Headedness in Yorǘhbá： An Examination of the Deviant Value of Determiner Phrase

The issue of ＂headedness＂ is a product of Chomsky＇s （1988） notion of UG （Universal Grammar） that led to the development of a framework known as P＆P （Principles and Parameters） theory. It is this theory we have adopted for our analysis in this paper. The purpose of this paper is to examine the inconsistency in the value of Head Parameter with reference to the value of DP （determiner phrase） in Yorfib^i. As a native speaker of Yorfib~, the author has adopted an introspective method of data collection and used the intuitive knowledge of other native speakers of the language for necessary clarifications. Despite the fact that English and Yorfib~ are both head-initial, the structure of the NPs （noun phrases） in English shows that the head noun is always pre-modified, making the NP ＂head-final＂--a violation of the value of Head Parameter in the language. This necessitated the need for Abney＇s （1987） DP hypothesis; in which the determiner heads its own phrase, thereby making a NP in English head-initial. This solves the problem of Head Parameter in English. However, since nouns in Yor/lb^i are post-modified, adopting ＂DP-analysis＂ will automatically produce head-final--a violation of the value of Head Parameter in the language. Given the inconsistency in the specification of head-complement order among the noun phrases in English and Yorfib~, this paper proposes to set a parameter for SVO （Subject-Verb-Object） languages with pre-modification （like English） to adopt ＂DP-analysis＂, and those with post-modification （like Yorfib^t） to adopt ＂NP-analysis＂. This will ensure ＂head-initial＂ value for the two categories of SVO languages

Trope, Reason, and Affirmation in Nietzsche＇s and Novalis＇ Theories of Language

This paper analyzes the role of six tropes （metonymy, synecdoche, metaphor, analogy, allegory, and irony） in Nietzsche＇s and Novalis＇ writings on language and cognition, using the comparison to show how a negative element in Nietzsche＇s attitude towards the tropic nature of cognition underlies well-known problems in his response to nihilism. These problems include ambiguities in Nietzsche＇s attitude to truth, and the question of how well he can carry through his project of affirming the individual on the basis of a creative reinterpretation of experience. I maintain that Novalis understands language and cognition to be tropic in a similar way as Nietzsche does, and that these writers provide similar critiques of discursive reason on the basis of what they view as its stultifying rigidity and misleading claims to a ＂literal＂ form of objectivity. However, I argue that Novalis avoids Nietzsche＇s difficulties by maintaining that a creative element in cognition does not rule out a variant of a correspondence notion of truth. Although Novalis＇ account thus falls foul of Nietzsche＇s goal of providing an immanent affirmation of human experience, the comparison shows that a Nietzschean attempt to provide a convincing model of individual self-affirmation should integrate a more positive role for trope, which can support a satisfying conception of the value of human creativity.

Research on natural language recognition algorithm based on sample entropy

Sample entropy can reflect the change of level of new information in signal sequence as well as the size of the new information. Based on the sample entropy as the features of speech classification, the paper firstly extract the sample entropy of mixed signal, mean and variance to calculate each signal sample entropy, finally uses the K mean clustering to recognize. The simulation results show that： the recognition rate can be increased to 89.2% based on sample entropy.

Speech Acts and the Truth-Conditional Analysis of Temporal Expressions

Truth-conditional approaches to tense and other temporal expressions have relied on both linear-time and branching-time frameworks as needed. However, in the truth-conditional enterprise generally, it seems advisable to settle on a single depiction of time. Linear time is the simpler framework, and branching time faces difficulties for which we seem to have no immediate solutions. This paper defends the applicability of linear time. The apparent branching of time results from the use of speech acts other than factual assertion. Truth in correspondence with specific conditions is relevant when making factual assertions. However, we are in no epistemic position to advance factual assertions about the future, but only suppositions and predictions. For these, the truth-conditional content is employed differently. For suppositions and predictions, we only ＂pretend＂ to reference things, to assert facts, and to accept them as ＂true.＂ There is a wide array of alternatives about what we can suppose or predict, giving the impression of branching options. Suppositions and predictions under active consideration are often marked with present tense, whereas those that are inactive （not presently under active consideration but nonetheless relevant） are often marked with past tense.

Study on College English Teaching from the Perspective of Humanism

In the eyes of humanists, the value of people is the most important. This view corresponds with modern education values and development direction, which has profound influence on university English teaching. It introduces humanism theory into language teaching field, and humanism emphasizes that language teaching is not only to teach language, but also to help students obtain their own development. This paper tries to take humanism as the perspective, talking about the current college English teaching, hoping to have a certain enlightening significance.

Conversation Table as an Environment for Re-Signification of Subjectivity and Identities in Portuguese as a Foreign Language

As foreign language teachers, we always wondered about the silence of our students during the lessons. However, after we started the project ＂Conversation Table in Portuguese＂ （CTP）, we realized that the students assumed a more active role during the interactions, probably due to the less hierarchical situation they were in. The CTP provided the students the opportunity to express themselves in a foreign language without the interdiction they felt inside the classroom. Within this new context, the lack of confidence they might have been facing when communicating in a foreign language started to disappear, giving place to a motivation to express what they felt in this ＂new＂ language. Therefore, the target language started to become a new locus, a new way that made them not feel scared, but free and curious to say things that they would not say in similar situations when communicating in their mother tongue. In other words, the foreign language can be the place where everything seems to be possible as we do not have the control or interdiction imposed by the social values presented in our society and manifested in our mother tongue. In this study, we analyze some discursive situations taken from a session of CTP in which the students show their new identities in the foreign language. The results show that acquiring another language is much more than acquiring new linguistic aspects of communication, but also giving birth to new identities that make us become new subjects.

Study on Chinese painting freehand brushwork

In art of the canvas, the brush stroke in Chinese painting and calligraphy is one of the important behavior means of the canvas, have independent aesthetic value at the same time, contemporary, one that is with pluralism, varied painting idea and painting skill and technique of art is great and abundant, traditional in the canvas works ＂ The brush stroke in Chinese painting and calligraphy ＂ Already not merely can be spoken to the limit by the simple scribbling and wiping of pen, and Chinese comfortable brush stroke in Chinese painting and calligraphy, technique of writing incorporate visual language and spiritual intension created that can enrich the picture greatly in the canvas is created. This text attempts to canvass the canvas and create the feasibility that incorporated into comfortable brush stroke in Chinese painting and calligraphy and expansionary from two respect factors of cultural idea and skill and technique and tool material.

The Normative Value of Truth and the Problem of Lie

The article concerns the normative value of truth in relation to lie. Based on arguments derived primarily from ancient philosophers （Eubulides, Plato, Aristotle）, medieval philosophers （St. Augustine, St. Thomas Aquinas）, the thinker of the Renaissance---Machiavelli, the main philosopher of the Enlightenment--Kant, the 19th-century author of Beyond Good and Evil （Nietzsche）, and contemporary thinkers such as Derrida and Lacan, the author considers here truth as a normative value. Lying is relative to the truth, and it has no ontological legitimacy, even it cannot exist without truth itself. In the final part of the article, the author concludes that the truth, however, cannot lead to clearly had effects, be harmful or cause pain disproportionate to the effects caused by lie. Therefore, it must coexist with the good--the other parent value. Only when both values complement each other can we talk about the normative value of truth. The truth should be correlated with other values on which value systems are based, especially the good of a person or group of persons, avoiding harm towards others, and the protection of a person＇s health and life. Only then can the truth be appropriate to use. It is not an immovable foundation, but a dynamically functioning value, in which language and the ethical （active） dimensions provide the value of the specified situations. The truth can be a double-edged sword： It may hurt, but it can defend itself. The latter function seems to be the most important type of the normativity of truth.

The Register Restraint on Characteristics in Chinese Text

Syntactic expressions in different texts are varied. They are restricted by registers, which are reflected in three aspects： differences in spoken text and written text, narrative text and non-narrative text, children text and adults text. In another word, the external form of Chinese text is restricted by occasions and conditions in which the language is used. Chinese text characteristic is the foundation of text teaching as a second language, but the reserch about Chinese text is rather not enough. This paper has practical value for teaching Chinese as a second language

Equivalence Problems in Translation

Equivalence is an important notion in translation theory. Therefore, theorists in the field of translation studies are interested in studying and examining this notion in order to discover its effect on the way a translator deals with a text. The aim of this study is to explore the different definitions of translation as a process and as a product. The study focuses on specific definitions that have been introduced by Arab scholars in the field of translation, for example, AI-zarqani （1998） who argued that translation is an act of transferring a text with all its meanings and objectives from one language to another. This idea of transferring the different meanings and objectives of a given text imposes an important question that the researcher tries to answer in this paper. Is translation a process of substituting a text in one language for a text in another？ After reviewing the related literature and by analyzing different translated passages from Arabic and English, it shows that translation is not a mere substitution of texts among languages. The translator must be aware of the objectives and meanings conveyed in the source text in order to produce an accurate translation.

Design of Roof Cover Structures by Help of Numerical Models Defined in Formian

Numerical models defined by means of a suitably assumed set of parameters make it possible to select the optimal structural solution for the given or assumed conditions. The paper presents examples of applications of numerical models defined in the programming language Formian during the shaping processes of various types of spatial structural systems designed for roof covers. These types of numerical models can be relatively easily adapted to the requirements, which can be frequently changed during the investment process, what makes possible a considerable reducing of costs and time of design of the space structures having even the very complex shapes. The advantageous features of application of numerical models defined in Formian are presented in models determined for selected forms of the roof covers designed also by means of a simple type of a space frame. In the paper, there are some presented visualizations made on bases of these models defining mainly for structural systems developed recently by the author for certain types of the dome covers. The proposed structural systems are built by means of the successive spatial hoops or they are created as unique forms of the geodesic dome structures.

Research on the Language of Western Sports Goods Advertisement

Nowadays, as the economy is soaring up with the course of globalization, all kinds of industries are full of acute and intense competitions. For the sake of benefits for companies, advertisements in English to promote the sale of goods are essential. Under this circumstance, advertisement is coming into being. Advertising English, as one of the members of advertisement family, has gradually got independence and separated from the common English after a long term development, which has great effects on the form of language itself. Definitely, this development needs more study as well. The advertising English has not only brought precious and vast commercial values to all walks of life, which can be proved in various examples, but also is provided with certain values for appreciation and language study. We all know that life lies in movement. Our familiar sports good industry is standing out particularly in this regard, such as a good and impressive advertisement. A resounding and impressive advertisement can leave people an unforgettable and indelible impression, which certainly will bring endless commercial benefits to this product and also help to establish a favorable brand image. Brand image, with its irreplaceable effects to companies, all starts with the advertising English as a small field of the big advertisement family, because the global communication between sport brands is most outstanding. By doing the research on sport English, we hope the general principles in advertising English canbe summarized and thus achieve the goal of putting English to the economy era to best make use of it.

Numerically Simulating the Sandwich Plate System Structures

Sandwich plate systems (SPS) are advanced materials that have begun to receive extensive attention in naval architecture and ocean engineering.At present, according to the rules of classification societies, a mixture of shell and solid elements are required to simulate an SPS.Based on the principle of stiffness decomposition, a new numerical simulation method for shell elements was proposed.In accordance with the principle of stiffness decomposition, the total stiffness can be decomposed into the bending stiffness and shear stiffness.Displacement and stress response related to bending stiffness was calculated with the laminated shell element.Displacement and stress response due to shear was calculated by use of a computational code write by FORTRAN language.Then the total displacement and stress response for the SPS was obtained by adding together these two parts of total displacement and stress.Finally, a rectangular SPS plate and a double-bottom structure were used for a simulation.The results show that the deflection simulated by the elements proposed in the paper is larger than the same simulated by solid elements and the analytical solution according to Hoff theory and approximate to the same simulated by the mixture of shell-solid elements, and the stress simulated by the elements proposed in the paper is approximate to the other simulating methods.So compared with calculations based on a mixture of shell and solid elements, the numerical simulation method given in the paper is more efficient and easier to do.

THE INFLUENCE OF CHINESE AND AMERICANS' CONTRASTIVE VIEWS ABOUT TALK ON CLASS PARTICIPATION BY CHINESE AND AMERICAN STUDENTS

It is argued in this paper that Chinese students' preference to reticence and American students' to eloquence in class are respectively reflections of the cultural values held by the two peoples. The purpose of this paper is to explore the reasons for the differences in class participation between Chinese and American students from the perspective of cultural values. The learning behaviors of both Chinese and American students are described based on the author's observation and research. A questionnaire delivered to a number of Chinese and American students is then briefly analyzed. The paper focuses on five dimensions of contrastive values held by the Chinese and Americans, which lead to their different views about talk: high-context culture vs. low-context culture; harmony vs. confrontation; collectivism vs. individualism; obedience vs. aggression; face giving vs. facing saving.

Rumor Spreading Model with Trust Mechanism in Complex Social Networks

In this paper, to study rumor spreading, we propose a novel susceptible-infected-removed （SIR） model by introducing the trust mechanism. We derive mean-field equations that describe the dynamics of the SIR model on homogeneous networks and inhomogeneous networks. Then a steady-state analysis is conducted to investigate the critical threshold and the finaJ size of the rumor spreading. We show that the introduction of trust mechanism reduces the final rumor size and the velocity of rumor spreading, but increases the critical thresholds on both networks. Moreover, the trust mechanism not only greatly reduces the maximum rumor influence, but also postpones the rumor terminal time, which provides us with more time to take measures to control the rumor spreading. The theoretical results are confirmed by sufficient numerical simulations.