This study focused on the automatic versus controlled nature of the underlying cognitive processes of ERPs （Event-Related Potentials） effects during speech perception. ERPs to the final word of sentences （half bein...This study focused on the automatic versus controlled nature of the underlying cognitive processes of ERPs （Event-Related Potentials） effects during speech perception. ERPs to the final word of sentences （half being semantically incongruent with the sentence and half congruent） were presented to French natives under 4 levels of degradation： no degradation, mild degradation （2 levels）, and strong degradation. Under mild degradation allowing controlled sentence-level processing according to behavioral data, the N400 effect （i.e., the N400 to incongruent words minus the N400 to congruent words） and a late positive complex were delayed and the latter effect was reduced. Under strong degradation allowing only automatic sentence processing according to behavioral data, no ERP effects remained. These results suggest that, unlike contextual effect found with single words （e.g., using word-pair or word-list paradigms）, ERP effects elicited by more complex contexts such as full sentences are generated by controlled but not by automatic mechanisms of speech processing.展开更多
The IEEE 802.22 standard based on wireless Cognitive Radio (CR) is an optimal solution to resolve the inefficient spectrum utility problem. In this paper, we focus on the spectrum allocation in IEEE 802.22 mesh networ...The IEEE 802.22 standard based on wireless Cognitive Radio (CR) is an optimal solution to resolve the inefficient spectrum utility problem. In this paper, we focus on the spectrum allocation in IEEE 802.22 mesh networks and propose a new graph-theory algorithm. The algorithm aims at two objectives: one is the sum of the allocated channel bandwidth is maximum, and the other is the number of users can be active simultaneity is maximum. In this proposed algorithm, the topology of network was modeled as a general graph and could be transformed into a weighted complete bipartite-graph by three processes. The simulations show that the presented algorithm can improve the performance of spectrum allocation.展开更多
文摘This study focused on the automatic versus controlled nature of the underlying cognitive processes of ERPs （Event-Related Potentials） effects during speech perception. ERPs to the final word of sentences （half being semantically incongruent with the sentence and half congruent） were presented to French natives under 4 levels of degradation： no degradation, mild degradation （2 levels）, and strong degradation. Under mild degradation allowing controlled sentence-level processing according to behavioral data, the N400 effect （i.e., the N400 to incongruent words minus the N400 to congruent words） and a late positive complex were delayed and the latter effect was reduced. Under strong degradation allowing only automatic sentence processing according to behavioral data, no ERP effects remained. These results suggest that, unlike contextual effect found with single words （e.g., using word-pair or word-list paradigms）, ERP effects elicited by more complex contexts such as full sentences are generated by controlled but not by automatic mechanisms of speech processing.
文摘The IEEE 802.22 standard based on wireless Cognitive Radio (CR) is an optimal solution to resolve the inefficient spectrum utility problem. In this paper, we focus on the spectrum allocation in IEEE 802.22 mesh networks and propose a new graph-theory algorithm. The algorithm aims at two objectives: one is the sum of the allocated channel bandwidth is maximum, and the other is the number of users can be active simultaneity is maximum. In this proposed algorithm, the topology of network was modeled as a general graph and could be transformed into a weighted complete bipartite-graph by three processes. The simulations show that the presented algorithm can improve the performance of spectrum allocation.
