In this article, the logical implications of a right to life are examined. It is first argued that the prohibition of Termination of life on request confers an inalienable right to life. A fight is inalienable if it c...In this article, the logical implications of a right to life are examined. It is first argued that the prohibition of Termination of life on request confers an inalienable right to life. A fight is inalienable if it cannot legitimately be waived or transferred. Since voluntary euthanasia entails waiver of the right to life, the inalienability yields that it cannot be justified. Therefore, any ethical position that is in favor of voluntary euthanasia has to argue that the right to life is an inalienable right and accept the conclusion that killing on request is justified.展开更多
The assessment of economic potential of technological innovation projects and its valuation are key aspects in negotiations among universities, research institutes, and companies. Among the reasons for this, it can be...The assessment of economic potential of technological innovation projects and its valuation are key aspects in negotiations among universities, research institutes, and companies. Among the reasons for this, it can be quoted portfolio prioritization, which involves several different economic, social, and environmental impacts aspects and industrial productivity. The standard of economic potential is an important reference in the project selection process. For technology transfer, the valuation of technologies consists in a relevant task to support intellectual property （IP） negotiations. However, in dynamic environments, negotiations for the commercial exploitation and payment of IP resulting from research projects require quick answers, due to several aspects like tight deadlines to sign contracts. Moreover, technology valuation is one of the most complex activities related to the technology transfer. Due to these challenges faced by Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnol6gicas do Estado de S~,o Paulo （IPT--Institute For Technological Research） in its participation in Brazilian Association of Industrial Innovation （EMBRAPII, acronym in Brazilian Portuguese）, authors developed an expedite technology valuation method, based on concepts of discounted cash flow （DCF） associated with Gompertz curve adaptations as a way to support universities and research institutes in negotiations with enterprises. This method has been regularly applied on negotiations between 1PT and companies. This paper will present cases of metallurgical companies. The results obtained confirm the validity of the method in supporting the definition of the payable amounts for commercial exploitation of technologies, enabling the application of this method as an alternative to some methods found in the literature and eventually employed by universities and research institutes in Brazil. For future research, authors recommend comparative studies between Gompertz curve and other methods, such as the Pearl curve, using the same variables of our method.展开更多
SME share transfer system financing has become the main theme of a new three-panel market.The efficiency of the new board of corporate finance and has become the core focus, more controversial aspects.SMEs in SME shar...SME share transfer system financing has become the main theme of a new three-panel market.The efficiency of the new board of corporate finance and has become the core focus, more controversial aspects.SMEs in SME share transfer system market mainly private placement financing, equity financing pledge, and Transfer of Listing and mergers and acquisitions.This paper will be discussed by comparing the SMEs through SME share transfer system market financing, the use of a single sample T-test （One-Sample T Test） to verify the efficiency of the new board of corporate finance assets problem.展开更多
The unilateral disposition of stock rights＇ voting rights detracts from the welfare of the other shareholders. Contractual arrangements restricting or prohibiting the transfer of stock rights under the capital majori...The unilateral disposition of stock rights＇ voting rights detracts from the welfare of the other shareholders. Contractual arrangements restricting or prohibiting the transfer of stock rights under the capital majority rule may infringe upon shareholders＇ fight of withdrawal, further weakening stock market constraints on senior management and indirectly raising the agency cost of management abuse of power for private ends. In creating a legal structure for stock rights transfer, we need to find an appropriate balance between freedom of contract, capital majority rule and reduction of agency costs. Judges should determine that the transfer of voting rights is invalid in order to ensure that voting rights match residual claim rights and maintain the constraints on senior management represented by shareholder voting rights. The general prohibition of stock fights transfer in the articles of association blocks shareholders＇ right of withdrawal; this is not conducive to restraining potential abuses of power on the part of senior management and should be made invalid. Judges must differentiate between long- and short-term contracts and the initial and revised clauses of the articles of association in order to distinguish between the efficacy of different arrangements limiting transfer of stock rights as laid down in the articles of association.展开更多
文摘In this article, the logical implications of a right to life are examined. It is first argued that the prohibition of Termination of life on request confers an inalienable right to life. A fight is inalienable if it cannot legitimately be waived or transferred. Since voluntary euthanasia entails waiver of the right to life, the inalienability yields that it cannot be justified. Therefore, any ethical position that is in favor of voluntary euthanasia has to argue that the right to life is an inalienable right and accept the conclusion that killing on request is justified.
文摘The assessment of economic potential of technological innovation projects and its valuation are key aspects in negotiations among universities, research institutes, and companies. Among the reasons for this, it can be quoted portfolio prioritization, which involves several different economic, social, and environmental impacts aspects and industrial productivity. The standard of economic potential is an important reference in the project selection process. For technology transfer, the valuation of technologies consists in a relevant task to support intellectual property （IP） negotiations. However, in dynamic environments, negotiations for the commercial exploitation and payment of IP resulting from research projects require quick answers, due to several aspects like tight deadlines to sign contracts. Moreover, technology valuation is one of the most complex activities related to the technology transfer. Due to these challenges faced by Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnol6gicas do Estado de S~,o Paulo （IPT--Institute For Technological Research） in its participation in Brazilian Association of Industrial Innovation （EMBRAPII, acronym in Brazilian Portuguese）, authors developed an expedite technology valuation method, based on concepts of discounted cash flow （DCF） associated with Gompertz curve adaptations as a way to support universities and research institutes in negotiations with enterprises. This method has been regularly applied on negotiations between 1PT and companies. This paper will present cases of metallurgical companies. The results obtained confirm the validity of the method in supporting the definition of the payable amounts for commercial exploitation of technologies, enabling the application of this method as an alternative to some methods found in the literature and eventually employed by universities and research institutes in Brazil. For future research, authors recommend comparative studies between Gompertz curve and other methods, such as the Pearl curve, using the same variables of our method.
文摘SME share transfer system financing has become the main theme of a new three-panel market.The efficiency of the new board of corporate finance and has become the core focus, more controversial aspects.SMEs in SME share transfer system market mainly private placement financing, equity financing pledge, and Transfer of Listing and mergers and acquisitions.This paper will be discussed by comparing the SMEs through SME share transfer system market financing, the use of a single sample T-test （One-Sample T Test） to verify the efficiency of the new board of corporate finance assets problem.
基金an initial product(in Economic Law)of the Discipline Construction(Legal Science)Program in Shanghai universities
文摘The unilateral disposition of stock rights＇ voting rights detracts from the welfare of the other shareholders. Contractual arrangements restricting or prohibiting the transfer of stock rights under the capital majority rule may infringe upon shareholders＇ fight of withdrawal, further weakening stock market constraints on senior management and indirectly raising the agency cost of management abuse of power for private ends. In creating a legal structure for stock rights transfer, we need to find an appropriate balance between freedom of contract, capital majority rule and reduction of agency costs. Judges should determine that the transfer of voting rights is invalid in order to ensure that voting rights match residual claim rights and maintain the constraints on senior management represented by shareholder voting rights. The general prohibition of stock fights transfer in the articles of association blocks shareholders＇ right of withdrawal; this is not conducive to restraining potential abuses of power on the part of senior management and should be made invalid. Judges must differentiate between long- and short-term contracts and the initial and revised clauses of the articles of association in order to distinguish between the efficacy of different arrangements limiting transfer of stock rights as laid down in the articles of association.
