言语不通,讯无别故:清代前中期奏折之“译讯”考察

“译讯”是清代“夷务”处理程序之一,清代前中期的“夷务”奏报中有不少关于“难夷”事务的“译讯”记录,从中可观察到这一时期中外交流与沟通情状。整理细读《明清时期澳门问题档案文献汇编》相关奏折可以发现,1811年之前“难夷”事务奏报多以记述抚恤发遣事项为主,之后的奏报则对“译讯”费墨较多。面对“言语不通”之困境,清政府“译”之举措主要包括“比对手势”“授与纸笔”及传唤多位通事、转送他处等多种方式,而“讯”之结果多为“并无别故”。对“难夷”讯问明确的日益重视,反映出清廷对传教、私货交易、兵船来犯等“夷务”的防范逐步增强,而“难夷”等“夷务”的日趋繁杂,更在一定程度上促使清廷认识到“译”的迫切。纵然清廷“夷务”态度和翻译认识的转变充满被动与无奈,却是晚清翻译高潮形成的铺垫和前奏。

Computer-based Test of Spoken English Translation Accuracy Evaluation System with Wireless Mobile Terminal

In order to improve the accuracy of spoken English translation evaluation and artificial intelligence, the design of wireless mobile terminal lest of spoken English translation accuracy evaluation system is researched. The system uses four layer construction design as wireless information collection layer, the mobile terminal information fusion layer, network data transmission layer, human computer interactive application layer. The original collection of computer-based spoken English translation information is taken based on host computer communication sensing information processing technology, Bus data transmission of English translation accuracy evaluation system is taken based on B/S structure, the test design process and remote scheduling information fusion are constructed based on LabWindows/CVl and B/S structure mining system, information data processing and cross compiler operation of the spoken English translation test evaluation system are completed in application layer, in the embedded kernel and on the wireless mobile terminal, the evaluation system is developed. The test results show that the integrated scheduling ability of spoken English translation test information system designed in this paper is better than traditional method, the cost time is less, and the control quality of the system is high.