试笔:宋人“偶然欲书”情境下的文献生成

明茅维本《东坡先生全集》所载苏轼篇题《泗岸喜题》,宋本原貌应作《闻骡?试笔》或《骡?驿试笔》。所谓“试笔”,既指试写行为,也指在书写准备阶段所自由书写的诗文。以“试笔”为篇题,滥觞于晚唐郑谷的《试笔偶书》,并在宋人如范仲淹、欧阳修、苏轼、陆游等文士那里蔚然成风,《欧阳文忠公集》甚且专编《试笔》一卷。试笔作为日常书写情境,深度参与了宋人的日常书写与文献生成。试笔具有“书以自识”的个人化特点,承载着作者的生命意识,并被作者用来自抒情志与自述身世。以“试笔”为篇题的诗文大抵冲口而得,信手而成,初不加意,有着“偶然欲书”的舒展和自由,因此也最大限度地释放着试笔类诗文的文体自由,为诗人检点身心行止提供了宽松的文本空间。

A Database Querying Language for Formulating Relational Queries on Small Devices

For small devices like the PDAs and mobile phones, formulation of relational database queries is not as simple as using conventional devices such as the personal computers and laptops. Due to the restricted size and resources of these smaller devices, current works mostly limit the queries that can be posed by users by having them predetermined by the developers. This limits the capability of these devices in supporting robust queries. Hence, this paper proposes a universal relation based database querying language which is targeted for small devices. The language allows formulation of relational database queries that uses minimal query terms. The formulation of the language and its structure will be described and usability test results will be presented to support the effectiveness of the language.