This paper discusses the approach to the CET （college English test） oral test based on automatic essay marking （AEM）. The reliability and validity arouses a dispute on Internet-based CET （iB-CET） oral test in Ch...This paper discusses the approach to the CET （college English test） oral test based on automatic essay marking （AEM）. The reliability and validity arouses a dispute on Internet-based CET （iB-CET） oral test in China, leading to the penetration into oral test contents in dialogue, description or comment, and question answering. Then, a probe into transformation from a spoken document into a textual document is touched on a conversion ratio of 72% adopted at the present time, AEM to be carried forward being a necessary hypothesis for Afterwards, this paper focuses on the pipeline in AEM with the content features and the language itself, which is established in two different models in marking for extraction and detection. Through experiments, this paper reveals the fact that an iB-CET oral test can be performed perfectly in the pipeline of spoken documents transformed into textual documents which can be automatically marked. Hence the design of the iB-CET oral test reaches its reliability and validity.展开更多
This study examines the relationship between discourse intonation （henceforth DI） and teacher cognition. Drawing on the rich literature on the teacher cognition in grammar, this study borrows some relevant insights ...This study examines the relationship between discourse intonation （henceforth DI） and teacher cognition. Drawing on the rich literature on the teacher cognition in grammar, this study borrows some relevant insights for a better understanding of the relationship between teacher cognition and DI. Following a qualitative treatment, the study concludes that instruction on D1 is a dynamic debate fed by both teacher training and teachers＇ experience of teaching and learning in general, which leads into suggesting the need for any teacher training on DI to take into account both DI knowledge as well as teacher core and peripheral belief. The contribution of the study lies in its tapping of a relatively poorly investigated area and offering advances on the many negative or simplistic teacher attitudes regarding intonation instruction as expressed in the literature, as well as in bringing to the surfaces something which teachers sometimes are not explicitly aware of.展开更多
This paper focuses on the language policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is intended to invite the readers for the broadening of the debate on the issues raised. The 20th century, for Kazakhs, became a century of t...This paper focuses on the language policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is intended to invite the readers for the broadening of the debate on the issues raised. The 20th century, for Kazakhs, became a century of tragic events which transformed them into the minority on their own native land. In spite of many collisions in history Kazakhs have not lost their language, the main wealth. At the beginning of the 21st century, Kazakhstan has tackled a lot of problems, connected with national and ethnic issues, social structure, and foreign and home policy. The influence of globalization is felt in every sphere of life in Kazakhstan. Serious ethno-demographic changes have occurred after gaining independence. Kazakhstan from the state with two dominating Kazakh and Russian diasporas has turned to the state with dominating one, the Kazakh ethnos. State language of the Republic of Kazakhstan now is Kazakh due to implementation of language policy展开更多
In recent years, SLA and L2 learning motivation have received extensive attention of researchers and teachers across the globe but the issue remains underdeveloped and there are only some small-scale studies on this s...In recent years, SLA and L2 learning motivation have received extensive attention of researchers and teachers across the globe but the issue remains underdeveloped and there are only some small-scale studies on this subject in Pakistan. Among different factors that affect L2 learning motivation, the current study focuses on exploring differences in L2 learning motivation by college type （private vs. public） and major subject of study （Arts vs. Sciences）. Analyzing the questionnaire data from 547 first year college students, the study singles out different situation-specific factors that account for variation in ESL learning motivation. Results indicate that private college students have a higher motivation level and better achievements in ESL learning as compared to public college students. Public college students have strong instrumental motivation while private college students show preferences for an ideal L2 self. L2 motivation does not differ a great deal between students with different subjects of study but there is a big gap in the achievement of both groups. Arts majors＇ motivation depends heavily on their attitude towards English while science majors are instrumentally motivated to learn English. We also discuss some possible reasons for the differences in motivation and implications of the study for ESL teachers and learners.展开更多
基金The Humanities and Social Sciences Project granted from the Ministry of Education in China(No.10YJA740061,11YJA740121)the Teaching Reform Key Project under Educational Section of Jiangsu Province(No.2011JSJG453)+3 种基金Southeast University Teaching Reform Project for Graduates(No.2010-54)Southeast University Teaching Reform Project for Post-Graduates(No.KJGKT12-06)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK2008354)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.6550181821,60975017)
文摘This paper discusses the approach to the CET （college English test） oral test based on automatic essay marking （AEM）. The reliability and validity arouses a dispute on Internet-based CET （iB-CET） oral test in China, leading to the penetration into oral test contents in dialogue, description or comment, and question answering. Then, a probe into transformation from a spoken document into a textual document is touched on a conversion ratio of 72% adopted at the present time, AEM to be carried forward being a necessary hypothesis for Afterwards, this paper focuses on the pipeline in AEM with the content features and the language itself, which is established in two different models in marking for extraction and detection. Through experiments, this paper reveals the fact that an iB-CET oral test can be performed perfectly in the pipeline of spoken documents transformed into textual documents which can be automatically marked. Hence the design of the iB-CET oral test reaches its reliability and validity.
文摘This study examines the relationship between discourse intonation （henceforth DI） and teacher cognition. Drawing on the rich literature on the teacher cognition in grammar, this study borrows some relevant insights for a better understanding of the relationship between teacher cognition and DI. Following a qualitative treatment, the study concludes that instruction on D1 is a dynamic debate fed by both teacher training and teachers＇ experience of teaching and learning in general, which leads into suggesting the need for any teacher training on DI to take into account both DI knowledge as well as teacher core and peripheral belief. The contribution of the study lies in its tapping of a relatively poorly investigated area and offering advances on the many negative or simplistic teacher attitudes regarding intonation instruction as expressed in the literature, as well as in bringing to the surfaces something which teachers sometimes are not explicitly aware of.
文摘This paper focuses on the language policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is intended to invite the readers for the broadening of the debate on the issues raised. The 20th century, for Kazakhs, became a century of tragic events which transformed them into the minority on their own native land. In spite of many collisions in history Kazakhs have not lost their language, the main wealth. At the beginning of the 21st century, Kazakhstan has tackled a lot of problems, connected with national and ethnic issues, social structure, and foreign and home policy. The influence of globalization is felt in every sphere of life in Kazakhstan. Serious ethno-demographic changes have occurred after gaining independence. Kazakhstan from the state with two dominating Kazakh and Russian diasporas has turned to the state with dominating one, the Kazakh ethnos. State language of the Republic of Kazakhstan now is Kazakh due to implementation of language policy
文摘In recent years, SLA and L2 learning motivation have received extensive attention of researchers and teachers across the globe but the issue remains underdeveloped and there are only some small-scale studies on this subject in Pakistan. Among different factors that affect L2 learning motivation, the current study focuses on exploring differences in L2 learning motivation by college type （private vs. public） and major subject of study （Arts vs. Sciences）. Analyzing the questionnaire data from 547 first year college students, the study singles out different situation-specific factors that account for variation in ESL learning motivation. Results indicate that private college students have a higher motivation level and better achievements in ESL learning as compared to public college students. Public college students have strong instrumental motivation while private college students show preferences for an ideal L2 self. L2 motivation does not differ a great deal between students with different subjects of study but there is a big gap in the achievement of both groups. Arts majors＇ motivation depends heavily on their attitude towards English while science majors are instrumentally motivated to learn English. We also discuss some possible reasons for the differences in motivation and implications of the study for ESL teachers and learners.
