We will discuss here the tension between the reality of new media and narratological theory, and the case in point will be cinema. Our thesis is that new media have to do with illusion, basically with illusion, and on...We will discuss here the tension between the reality of new media and narratological theory, and the case in point will be cinema. Our thesis is that new media have to do with illusion, basically with illusion, and only derivatively with imagination; on the contrary, the field of literature has to do with imagination, strictly with imagination, not with illusion at all. If it is so, something must be wrong with the pretence of narratology, which has literature as its basic referent, to be the adequate theoretical frame in order to understand every cultural phenomenon, especially in the case of new media. We have to insist on the distinction between illusion and imagination. In fact, most literary theorists do not bear in mind such distinction; it tends to completely disappear under the general title ＂fiction.＂ To be sure, it is usually said of cinema that it is fiction, like literature, but cinema is much more than fiction, it is illusion, even if it is the illusion of a story.展开更多
Robert James Waller （1939-2014） does not catch readers＇ attention until his popular novel The Bridges of Madison County （1996） wins him great admirations since its publication in 1992 which brings him instant suc...Robert James Waller （1939-2014） does not catch readers＇ attention until his popular novel The Bridges of Madison County （1996） wins him great admirations since its publication in 1992 which brings him instant success. The story explores the dilemma between responsibility of family and fulfillment of desires. Set in America in the 1960s, the novel is woven by the romantic story of the two middle-aged man and woman after they countered and gathered together for four days. Though simple in plot, it really deserves detailed interpretation and appreciation. This paper will mainly discuss Kincaid＇s cultural values reflected not only in the romance between his lover and him, but also in his attitudes towards women＇s rights.展开更多
This paper, as a part of a larger research project entitled Amazon. Realities in the Novels and the Imaginary Reports of Travelers, focuses on the following objectives： （1） the ＂referentiality＂ of the text to the...This paper, as a part of a larger research project entitled Amazon. Realities in the Novels and the Imaginary Reports of Travelers, focuses on the following objectives： （1） the ＂referentiality＂ of the text to the external world （goal, empirical stuff）; and （2） understanding fictionality in terms of＂make-believe＂ and the principle of＂internal coherence＂. The main section sets out the theoretical foundation of the relation between facts/events and fiction, both as pragmatic and fictional texts. Then, the paper investigates in which forms and ways existing facts, data, occurrences, events and narratives in various kinds of texts constitute a representation and interpretation of the world. The central focus of the study is on the Amazon region. The study is an experiment in joining together different types of texts around the notion of＂referentiality＂; emphasizing reference to the external world （factuality）, the reading of the component elements of a language and a discourse （narratology）, historical reading against the horizon of expectation （reception theory） and the interpretation of the retrospective.展开更多
Raymond Carver, American short story writer and poet is a major force in the revitalization of the short story in the ! 980s. Carver＇s writing permeates idiographic techniques and evocative insights into reality. ＂C...Raymond Carver, American short story writer and poet is a major force in the revitalization of the short story in the ! 980s. Carver＇s writing permeates idiographic techniques and evocative insights into reality. ＂Cathedral＂ is the title story of Carver＇s outstanding collection Cathedral. The story relates that the narrator through the visit of his wife＇s blind friend eliminates the prejudice and goes out of shell of closed-off ignorance. Carver employs precise and concise language to develop plot and reveal characters＇ mind and sets tensions leading to character＇s epiphany. Through the setting of tensions, the achievement of epiphany, and the precise and concise narrative language, Carver makes fullness out of a minimalist style of writing.展开更多
Charles Dickens rose to fame as a novelist because he described society in early Victorian Britain both accurately and evocatively. That skill came about through his work as a journalist, and his many first-hand exper...Charles Dickens rose to fame as a novelist because he described society in early Victorian Britain both accurately and evocatively. That skill came about through his work as a journalist, and his many first-hand experiences of events. He continued throughout his life to report on major incidents and newsworthy items, and was able to use those reports as the factual basis of his novels. His experiences of the railways were especially important, and he made great use of them in his novels such as Dombey and Son. Later expereiences included his own involvement in a railway disaster, at Staplehurst in 1865, a major trauma which led him to include the accident at the end of Our Mutual Friend, and led him to write a timely ghost story, The Signalman. No doubt he would have used more such reports had he lived to fulfill his ambitions.展开更多
Little Women is a novel published in1868 and written by American author Louisa May Alcott. The story concerns the lives and loves of four sisters growing up during the American Civil War. It was based on Alcott＇s own...Little Women is a novel published in1868 and written by American author Louisa May Alcott. The story concerns the lives and loves of four sisters growing up during the American Civil War. It was based on Alcott＇s own experiences as a child in Concord, Massachusetts with her three sisters, Anna, May, and Elizabeth. It is a story about love, faith, fortitude, and devotion. And this paper aims at analyzing the four sisters＇ different characters and destinies and tries to give readers a new understanding about this novel.展开更多
＂The Great Gatzby＂ is a novel written by American writer Fitzgerald, which was selected as one of the top hunderd excellent novels by American academic authority at the end of 20th Century. Since the birth of the no...＂The Great Gatzby＂ is a novel written by American writer Fitzgerald, which was selected as one of the top hunderd excellent novels by American academic authority at the end of 20th Century. Since the birth of the novel, Fitzgerald has become one of the most important American writers. In this novel, the author has used many symbolic techniques, which makes the novel theme extend to the American Dream failure from the surface love tragic love story. This paper interpretes the symbolic meaning of novel from the three aspects of specific things, color symbol and character symbol.展开更多
Ralph Ellison published many articles and speeches on various topics before and after his masterpiece Invisible Man was published. They have been collected in Shadow andAct, Going to the Territory, and The Collected E...Ralph Ellison published many articles and speeches on various topics before and after his masterpiece Invisible Man was published. They have been collected in Shadow andAct, Going to the Territory, and The Collected Essays of Ralph Ellison （posthumously）, and Shadow and Act has been selected as one of the most influential books in non-fiction with his Invisible Man in fiction which evokes more academic interests. This paper attempts to take a closer look at Ellison＇s literary criticism, focusing mainly on his response to the debate of ＂protest novel＂, his reconsideration of the Negro American writings, and his analysis of how the mainstream American writers, such as Mark Twain, William Faulkner, and Ernest Hemingway, deal with the racial subjects and represent them in their creation. Owing to the strong belief in the ideals of American democracy, Ellison highlights the individuality rather than the stereotyped characteristics of the Negro people, and transcends the fixed category of black and white, for all good literature tells the same story： to be true and honest.展开更多
Katherine Mansfield is a world famous woman master of short stories in English literature. Her stories are sensitive revelations of human behaiour in quite ordinary situations, through which we can glimpse a powerful,...Katherine Mansfield is a world famous woman master of short stories in English literature. Her stories are sensitive revelations of human behaiour in quite ordinary situations, through which we can glimpse a powerful, and sometimes cruelly pessimistic view of life. A Dill Pickle is one of her short stories published in 1917, describing the encounter between a young woman and a young man who have been lovers six years ago and their lost love and changes over the years. Short as it is, it is really worth our earful analysis and appreciation. This paper will comment on this short story from the following two aspects： a commont on the theme of the story; a comment on the writing technique of the story. The paper conludes that romantic love is dependent upon circumstances and the convergence of certain character traits at a particular time.展开更多
Speculative-fiction stories, in print, often depict families being wrenched apart by overwhelming new forces to which the children are better able to adapt then older generations. In making speculative-fiction movies,...Speculative-fiction stories, in print, often depict families being wrenched apart by overwhelming new forces to which the children are better able to adapt then older generations. In making speculative-fiction movies, however, Hollywood typically offers a more hopeful, comforting image of a family, at the beginning somewhat less than perfect, being restored as a result of those same forces. This paper concentrates on The Spiderwick Chronicles （2003-2004） by Tony DiTerlizzi and Holly Black, Susan Cooper＇s novel The Dark is Rising （1973）, and Lewis Padgett＇s story ＂Mimsy were the Borogoves＂ and the recent movies based （more or less loosely） thereon, Mark Waters＇ The Spiderwick Chronicles （2007）, David Cunningham＇s The Seeker （2007）, and Bob Shaye＇s The Last Mimzy （2007）, showing how the differences between the movies and the print-stories they are based on reflect an attempt on the part of the movie-makers to reaffirm and reinforce the family bonds that are to some extent sundered in the original stories展开更多
Amy Tan is one of the prominent Chinese American writers that have emerged since the 1980s. Her first novel The Joy Luck Club, which was published in 1989, brought her instant success. The story explores conflicts bet...Amy Tan is one of the prominent Chinese American writers that have emerged since the 1980s. Her first novel The Joy Luck Club, which was published in 1989, brought her instant success. The story explores conflicts between two generations and two different cultures. Set in China and in the United States, the novel is woven by stories of four Chinese mothers and their four daughters. Though short in form, it is really worth detailed interpretation and appreciation. This paper will mainly discuss the cultural and generational differences reflected in the story with the conflict of one pair of the mother and daughter--Suyuan Woo and Jing-mei Woo as the main examples. The author of this paper believes that with the realization of the globalization, different cultures are fusing now展开更多
In order to collect the gas safely produced in the gasification process of the novel multi-thermal-source coal gasifier,based on its gasification skill and the characteristics of the products,this paper analyzes the p...In order to collect the gas safely produced in the gasification process of the novel multi-thermal-source coal gasifier,based on its gasification skill and the characteristics of the products,this paper analyzes the possible dangers in the gasification process,devises the gasifier eruption and explosion experiments,explores the conditions of gasifier eruption and gas explosion,studies their effects on the gasification process and establishes safe operation measures.Gasifier eruption hazard occurs easily in the gasification process of one-thermal-source coal gasifier when MSiO2 is far higher than that in the normal adjuvant.The gas permeability in the gasifier is not the same and the power supply is too large.However,similar conditions in the gasification of multi-thermal-source coal gasifier do not produce a gasifier eruption accident so easily.When it erupts,the gasifier should be stopped and then cooled down naturally or inert gas can be sprayed on the gasifier to cool it off,and thus gas explosion can be avoided.There is a possibility of direct gas explosion,but it can be avoided when the gas in the gas collecting space is replaced slowly by supplying a small amount of power or the inert gas fills the space in the previous gasification.The time a fire is lit is strictly controlled,the gas is drawn in by using the aspirator pump,and the gasifier pressure is kept in the state of micro-positive pressure in the middle and later gasification process.The conclusion is that the gasification process of the novel multi-thermalsource coal gasifier is safe according to normal operation rules.展开更多
Katherine Mansfield is a world famous woman master of short stories in English literature. Her stories are sensitive revelations of human behaiour in quite ordinary situations, through which we can glimpse a powerful ...Katherine Mansfield is a world famous woman master of short stories in English literature. Her stories are sensitive revelations of human behaiour in quite ordinary situations, through which we can glimpse a powerful and sometimes cruelly pessimistic view of life. Miss Brill is one of her short stories published in her collection of stories entitled The Garden Party and Other Stories （2007）, describing an afternoon in the life of a middle-aged spinster who visits the public park on a weekly basis, leading to her reassessment of her view of the world and the secular reality. Short as it is, it is really worth carful analysis and appreciation. This paper will mainly deal with the theme--alienation that the story conveys in two aspects： some obvious alienate elments in Miss Brill, in which some background information is provided; some less obvious alienation in Miss Brill, in which a detailed analysis is made into the story to reveal its alienation.展开更多
F. Scott Fitzgerald is called ＂the angel of the Jazz Age＂. His masterpiece The Great Gatsby is regarded as a classic in American literature. The success of this novel is largely due to the effective application of d...F. Scott Fitzgerald is called ＂the angel of the Jazz Age＂. His masterpiece The Great Gatsby is regarded as a classic in American literature. The success of this novel is largely due to the effective application of double vision perspective. Through analyzing the application of double vision in The Great Gatsby, the thesis tries to claim that although Fitzgerald holds double attitudes towards things in the novel, double vision perspective hasn＇t blurred the themes but helped to clarify the themes. Because between each pair of polar opposites, one side of the opposites always triumphs over the other, which let the readers eventually see clearly the author＇s artistic intension. It is the application of double vision that enriches, clarifies the themes of the novel, which makes the romantic love story, delivers deeper meanings.展开更多
文摘We will discuss here the tension between the reality of new media and narratological theory, and the case in point will be cinema. Our thesis is that new media have to do with illusion, basically with illusion, and only derivatively with imagination; on the contrary, the field of literature has to do with imagination, strictly with imagination, not with illusion at all. If it is so, something must be wrong with the pretence of narratology, which has literature as its basic referent, to be the adequate theoretical frame in order to understand every cultural phenomenon, especially in the case of new media. We have to insist on the distinction between illusion and imagination. In fact, most literary theorists do not bear in mind such distinction; it tends to completely disappear under the general title ＂fiction.＂ To be sure, it is usually said of cinema that it is fiction, like literature, but cinema is much more than fiction, it is illusion, even if it is the illusion of a story.
文摘Robert James Waller （1939-2014） does not catch readers＇ attention until his popular novel The Bridges of Madison County （1996） wins him great admirations since its publication in 1992 which brings him instant success. The story explores the dilemma between responsibility of family and fulfillment of desires. Set in America in the 1960s, the novel is woven by the romantic story of the two middle-aged man and woman after they countered and gathered together for four days. Though simple in plot, it really deserves detailed interpretation and appreciation. This paper will mainly discuss Kincaid＇s cultural values reflected not only in the romance between his lover and him, but also in his attitudes towards women＇s rights.
文摘This paper, as a part of a larger research project entitled Amazon. Realities in the Novels and the Imaginary Reports of Travelers, focuses on the following objectives： （1） the ＂referentiality＂ of the text to the external world （goal, empirical stuff）; and （2） understanding fictionality in terms of＂make-believe＂ and the principle of＂internal coherence＂. The main section sets out the theoretical foundation of the relation between facts/events and fiction, both as pragmatic and fictional texts. Then, the paper investigates in which forms and ways existing facts, data, occurrences, events and narratives in various kinds of texts constitute a representation and interpretation of the world. The central focus of the study is on the Amazon region. The study is an experiment in joining together different types of texts around the notion of＂referentiality＂; emphasizing reference to the external world （factuality）, the reading of the component elements of a language and a discourse （narratology）, historical reading against the horizon of expectation （reception theory） and the interpretation of the retrospective.
文摘Raymond Carver, American short story writer and poet is a major force in the revitalization of the short story in the ! 980s. Carver＇s writing permeates idiographic techniques and evocative insights into reality. ＂Cathedral＂ is the title story of Carver＇s outstanding collection Cathedral. The story relates that the narrator through the visit of his wife＇s blind friend eliminates the prejudice and goes out of shell of closed-off ignorance. Carver employs precise and concise language to develop plot and reveal characters＇ mind and sets tensions leading to character＇s epiphany. Through the setting of tensions, the achievement of epiphany, and the precise and concise narrative language, Carver makes fullness out of a minimalist style of writing.
文摘Charles Dickens rose to fame as a novelist because he described society in early Victorian Britain both accurately and evocatively. That skill came about through his work as a journalist, and his many first-hand experiences of events. He continued throughout his life to report on major incidents and newsworthy items, and was able to use those reports as the factual basis of his novels. His experiences of the railways were especially important, and he made great use of them in his novels such as Dombey and Son. Later expereiences included his own involvement in a railway disaster, at Staplehurst in 1865, a major trauma which led him to include the accident at the end of Our Mutual Friend, and led him to write a timely ghost story, The Signalman. No doubt he would have used more such reports had he lived to fulfill his ambitions.
文摘Little Women is a novel published in1868 and written by American author Louisa May Alcott. The story concerns the lives and loves of four sisters growing up during the American Civil War. It was based on Alcott＇s own experiences as a child in Concord, Massachusetts with her three sisters, Anna, May, and Elizabeth. It is a story about love, faith, fortitude, and devotion. And this paper aims at analyzing the four sisters＇ different characters and destinies and tries to give readers a new understanding about this novel.
文摘＂The Great Gatzby＂ is a novel written by American writer Fitzgerald, which was selected as one of the top hunderd excellent novels by American academic authority at the end of 20th Century. Since the birth of the novel, Fitzgerald has become one of the most important American writers. In this novel, the author has used many symbolic techniques, which makes the novel theme extend to the American Dream failure from the surface love tragic love story. This paper interpretes the symbolic meaning of novel from the three aspects of specific things, color symbol and character symbol.
文摘Ralph Ellison published many articles and speeches on various topics before and after his masterpiece Invisible Man was published. They have been collected in Shadow andAct, Going to the Territory, and The Collected Essays of Ralph Ellison （posthumously）, and Shadow and Act has been selected as one of the most influential books in non-fiction with his Invisible Man in fiction which evokes more academic interests. This paper attempts to take a closer look at Ellison＇s literary criticism, focusing mainly on his response to the debate of ＂protest novel＂, his reconsideration of the Negro American writings, and his analysis of how the mainstream American writers, such as Mark Twain, William Faulkner, and Ernest Hemingway, deal with the racial subjects and represent them in their creation. Owing to the strong belief in the ideals of American democracy, Ellison highlights the individuality rather than the stereotyped characteristics of the Negro people, and transcends the fixed category of black and white, for all good literature tells the same story： to be true and honest.
文摘Katherine Mansfield is a world famous woman master of short stories in English literature. Her stories are sensitive revelations of human behaiour in quite ordinary situations, through which we can glimpse a powerful, and sometimes cruelly pessimistic view of life. A Dill Pickle is one of her short stories published in 1917, describing the encounter between a young woman and a young man who have been lovers six years ago and their lost love and changes over the years. Short as it is, it is really worth our earful analysis and appreciation. This paper will comment on this short story from the following two aspects： a commont on the theme of the story; a comment on the writing technique of the story. The paper conludes that romantic love is dependent upon circumstances and the convergence of certain character traits at a particular time.
文摘Speculative-fiction stories, in print, often depict families being wrenched apart by overwhelming new forces to which the children are better able to adapt then older generations. In making speculative-fiction movies, however, Hollywood typically offers a more hopeful, comforting image of a family, at the beginning somewhat less than perfect, being restored as a result of those same forces. This paper concentrates on The Spiderwick Chronicles （2003-2004） by Tony DiTerlizzi and Holly Black, Susan Cooper＇s novel The Dark is Rising （1973）, and Lewis Padgett＇s story ＂Mimsy were the Borogoves＂ and the recent movies based （more or less loosely） thereon, Mark Waters＇ The Spiderwick Chronicles （2007）, David Cunningham＇s The Seeker （2007）, and Bob Shaye＇s The Last Mimzy （2007）, showing how the differences between the movies and the print-stories they are based on reflect an attempt on the part of the movie-makers to reaffirm and reinforce the family bonds that are to some extent sundered in the original stories
文摘Amy Tan is one of the prominent Chinese American writers that have emerged since the 1980s. Her first novel The Joy Luck Club, which was published in 1989, brought her instant success. The story explores conflicts between two generations and two different cultures. Set in China and in the United States, the novel is woven by stories of four Chinese mothers and their four daughters. Though short in form, it is really worth detailed interpretation and appreciation. This paper will mainly discuss the cultural and generational differences reflected in the story with the conflict of one pair of the mother and daughter--Suyuan Woo and Jing-mei Woo as the main examples. The author of this paper believes that with the realization of the globalization, different cultures are fusing now
基金Project 50174046 supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In order to collect the gas safely produced in the gasification process of the novel multi-thermal-source coal gasifier,based on its gasification skill and the characteristics of the products,this paper analyzes the possible dangers in the gasification process,devises the gasifier eruption and explosion experiments,explores the conditions of gasifier eruption and gas explosion,studies their effects on the gasification process and establishes safe operation measures.Gasifier eruption hazard occurs easily in the gasification process of one-thermal-source coal gasifier when MSiO2 is far higher than that in the normal adjuvant.The gas permeability in the gasifier is not the same and the power supply is too large.However,similar conditions in the gasification of multi-thermal-source coal gasifier do not produce a gasifier eruption accident so easily.When it erupts,the gasifier should be stopped and then cooled down naturally or inert gas can be sprayed on the gasifier to cool it off,and thus gas explosion can be avoided.There is a possibility of direct gas explosion,but it can be avoided when the gas in the gas collecting space is replaced slowly by supplying a small amount of power or the inert gas fills the space in the previous gasification.The time a fire is lit is strictly controlled,the gas is drawn in by using the aspirator pump,and the gasifier pressure is kept in the state of micro-positive pressure in the middle and later gasification process.The conclusion is that the gasification process of the novel multi-thermalsource coal gasifier is safe according to normal operation rules.
文摘Katherine Mansfield is a world famous woman master of short stories in English literature. Her stories are sensitive revelations of human behaiour in quite ordinary situations, through which we can glimpse a powerful and sometimes cruelly pessimistic view of life. Miss Brill is one of her short stories published in her collection of stories entitled The Garden Party and Other Stories （2007）, describing an afternoon in the life of a middle-aged spinster who visits the public park on a weekly basis, leading to her reassessment of her view of the world and the secular reality. Short as it is, it is really worth carful analysis and appreciation. This paper will mainly deal with the theme--alienation that the story conveys in two aspects： some obvious alienate elments in Miss Brill, in which some background information is provided; some less obvious alienation in Miss Brill, in which a detailed analysis is made into the story to reveal its alienation.
文摘F. Scott Fitzgerald is called ＂the angel of the Jazz Age＂. His masterpiece The Great Gatsby is regarded as a classic in American literature. The success of this novel is largely due to the effective application of double vision perspective. Through analyzing the application of double vision in The Great Gatsby, the thesis tries to claim that although Fitzgerald holds double attitudes towards things in the novel, double vision perspective hasn＇t blurred the themes but helped to clarify the themes. Because between each pair of polar opposites, one side of the opposites always triumphs over the other, which let the readers eventually see clearly the author＇s artistic intension. It is the application of double vision that enriches, clarifies the themes of the novel, which makes the romantic love story, delivers deeper meanings.
