初中英语听说课“说效”存在的问题及改进策略——以Unit 3 How do you go to school?为例

分析初中英语听说课教学中存在的以读代说、忽视意义性操练、无情境支撑、缺少思维导图引领等问题。提出改进初中英语听说课“说效”的策略,并以人教版初中《英语》七年级(下)Unit 3 How do you get to school?为例说明,即以已知引新知“,说好”新语言知识;在微情境中开展意义性操练“,说开”新语言知识;创设语用情境“,说全”新语言知识;提供思维导图“,说深”新语言知识。认为教师应关注学生的已有基础,创设不同层次的课堂情境,帮助其从“说得好”逐步过渡到“说得开“”说得全“”说得深”,切实提高“说效”。

Effect of Interaction Intensity on Alignment and EFL Learners’ Oral Production in the ReadingSpeaking Integrated Continuation Task

This study aims to uncover the relationship between interaction and alignment in a readingspeaking integrated continuation task, especially focusing on whether an increase in interaction intensity can lead to stronger alignment and further generate positive effects on L2 learning. To this end, 31 participants were asked to perform reading-speaking integrated continuation tasks under three different conditions featuring low, medium and high interaction intensity respectively. The results showed that 1) alignment existed in the reading-speaking integrated continuation task;2)increasing interaction intensity generated stronger alignment at both linguistic and situational levels;3) growing interaction intensity contributed to more coherent and accurate L2 oral production. These findings not only proved the workings of mind-body-world alignment, but also testified that increasing interaction intensity could bring about a stronger alignment effect(Wang,2010), which then contributed to better L2 oral performance. These findings confirm again the role of interaction in L2 learning and suggest that alignment could possibly be a mediating factor that links interaction and L2 development. Pedagogical implications for teaching and learning L2 speaking are discussed.

A NEW RECURSIVE ALGORITHM FOR MULTIUSER DETECTION

Based on the synthesis and analysis of recursive receivers, a new algorithm, namely partial grouping maximization likelihood algorithm, is proposed to achieve satisfactory performance with moderate computational complexity.During the analysis, some interesting properties shared by the proposed procedures are described.Finally, the performance assessment shows that the new scheme is superior to the linear detector and ordinary grouping algorithm, and achieves a bit-error rate close to that of the optimum receiver.

Revisiting History Through Crime Fiction： Shiono Nanami＇s Scarlet Venice in The Renaissance Trilogy of Murder

The paper explores an ambiguous intersection between history and fiction in Scarlet Venice （Hi no Venezia, in original） （1988） by Japanese novelist and historiographer, Shiono Nanami （1937-）. As a prominent transnational writer who has worked on the Italian Renaissance and the Roman antiquity for about 40 years, Shiono fictionalizes the political culture of 16th century Venice in the context of the Eastern Mediterranean history. Based on her The Tales of the Sea Capital （1981）, historiography par excellence, the novel portrays the political maneuver of the Republic of Venice from viewpoints of diplomacy. With this thematic approach to history, the novel centers on the life and death of Alvise Gritti （1480-1534）, an illegitimate son of famed Venetian Doge, Andrea Gritti. In the metaphorical/metafictional structure of historical crime fiction, the novel unveils the austerity of Venetian polity, while contrasting it with the liberalism fostered in Sultan Suleiman＇s Ottoman court. In conclusion, the author interprets that Alvise Gritti is a victim of the political intricacy with which Venice was wrestling, implying that the republic is the metaphorical murderer. Whereas Alvise＇s death commemorates a drastic step taken by Venice for political negotiation, Shiono＇s recent writings suggest that Japan should model the rigid pragmatism in Venetian politics, along with its effective use of intelligence in diplomacy

Nine compounds from the root bark of Lycium chinense and their anti-inflammatory activities

Two new compounds, named lyciumlignan D(1) and lyciumphenyl propanoid A(2), along with seven known compounds, were isolated from the root bark of Lycium chinense. Their structures were elucidated using spectroscopic data(UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR, CD), as well as by comparison with those of the literature. Compounds 3–9 were isolated from this genus for the first time. In the in vitro assay, compounds 3, 6, and 7 exhibited stronger anti-inflammatory effects than the positive control curcumin at a concentration of 10 μmol/L.

Unbiased Condition of the Dispersion Effects Estimator in Unreplicated Two-Level Factorial Experiments

This article presents a general form of the estimator for identifying dispersion effects from unreplicated two-level factorial experiments,and shows that the widely used estimators such as the BH,MH,and AMH estimators are all special cases of the proposed one,designated as the G estimator.The unbiased condition of the G estimator is proved,and a lower bound of variance of the G estimator is provided.A simulation based on a realistic design illustrates the variation of the variance and MSE(mean square error) of the G estimator on different coefficients.This estimator may be more flexible and has better performance than other methods such as the BH and MH estimators by appropriately selecting the coefficients.

Going Behind the Scenes： The Input Hypothesis Revisited

Few studies have to date gone behind the scenes to unveil the hidden metaphor-metonymy structure underpinning the input hypothesis （ Krashen 1981 ） despite overt attention paid to it over the years. In an effort to use a fine-grained metaphor-analysis approach（ e. g. , Lakoffand Johnson 1980, 1999） to revisit the input hypothesis, this study looks into its thrust--the causal effect of comprehensible input upon comprehension--in the hope of charting out its hidden organization. By discovering a theme of CAUSATION pivoted on space-based metaphors and metonyrnies, the present study brings to relief two fallacies committed in the input hypothesis. First, the heavy dependence on the prototypicaUy physical-spatial hierarchy leads to a red-herring fallacy, whose inconsistency defies rather than supports its statement about comprehensible input as the overriding cause. Second, although there is no denying that comprehensible input is a significant source of language gains, to enthrone it as the sole causal variable to the exclusion of all the other important variables, especially the agency of the 1.2 learner who should have been positioned in the spotlight in the first place, is another fallacy of immense magnitude.