“谷”穴穴义及应用研习

世间万物,各有其名,探其本源,自有深意。名,往往要抓住事物本质的特征,用精炼的文字展现丰富的内涵。纵览十四经腧穴之名,其中带“谷”字的有10处,分别是合谷、陷谷、漏谷、前谷、阳谷、足通谷、然谷、阴谷、腹通谷、率谷。该文主要对“谷”穴的穴名进行分类与解读,溯本逐源,以期通过探究穴名含义的方式,加深对腧穴功能的理解,拓宽临床应用思路,更好地服务于临床。

Light Simplified Millet Production Technique Adopting Film Mulching and Hole Sowing

In order to solve the problem that dry-land foxtail millet production completely relies on rainwater with low instable yield and tedious cultivation, Millet Research Institute of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences integrated a light simplified production technique integrating film mulching, hole sowing and fertilization with mechanized production, forming the light simplified foxtail millet production technique adopting film mulching and hole sowing. This study introduced the light simplified foxtail millet production technique adopting film mulching and hole sowing, including main links such as preparation before sowing, sowing, attached agricultural machines, field management, harvest and residual film recovery.

Effects of Water-permeability Plastic Film Mulching plus Bunch Planting on Root and Yield of Foxtail Millet

Effects of water-permeability plastic film plus bunch planting on root growth and development and yield of foxtail millet were studied by randomized block design. The results showed that water-permeability plastic film mulching plus bunch planting had a significant promoting effect on root growth and development and yield of foxtail millet. Compared with the CK, the total root length, total surface area, total root volume and number of. root tips increased by 51.30%, 47.89%, 48.39% and 41.63%, respectively. The yield increased by 48.57%, and there was significant positive correlation between root length, total surface area, total volume, number of root tips and dry matter weight of roots with yield. Developed roots are the main reason for the yield increasing effect of water-permeability plastic film mulching plus bunch planting.

Formation and development of stream potholes in a gorge in Guangdong

The goal of this study is to provide information on the process of pothole growth on a gorge streambed.Pothole geometries were measured in a reach of the Dabu river bed at the head of a gorge more than 200 m deeply incising into a 650-750 m high planation surface formed in the middle Miocene in northern Guangdong,China.Geometric and derivative data of the potholes obtained from fieldwork were interpreted using standard statistical methodologies.Our study shows that the formation and development of a stream pothole were only related to local conditions of a stream reach where the pothole occurs;the weaknesses,which are usually intersect fractures,typically interconnected vertical joints,or triangular pits generated by hitting of rock fragments during floods,initiate the pothole development on a streambed;the geometrical dimensions of the potholes are controlled by tectonic joints developed in bedrock of the stream reach;the radius and the depth of potholes are strongly(log) positive correlated;the pothole shapes and the flow patterns are inconstant during pothole growth;a pothole can be formed within a short period,but cannot be fully developed and maintained for a long time in a strong incision streambed.The finding in our study can improve the understanding of Quaternary environment in Guangdong.

Monitoring Climatic Changes and Carbon Cycle in Canyons and Caves： The C6 Project

The acronym C6 means ＂Climatic Changes and Carbon Cycle in Canyons and Caves＂. It is a monitoring project, for the evaluation of climate change signals, based on measuring sites located inside canyons and caves; it merged in the year 2005, under the scientific supervision of the Palermo Branch of the Italian National Institute for Geophysics and Volcanology （INGV）, two different monitoring programs active since 1999. The choice of these environments is based on their morphological structure： being them more or less segregated respect the outer atmosphere, they act as low-pass filters respect the variations of the monitored parameters, which are rainfall and dropping water amounts and rates, air temperatures and relative humidity and carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere. On the basis of the preliminary data, reported and discussed in the paper, the C6 network seems to be capable to give useful information on the local effects of global changes, even if at the moment the monitored parameters concern only the abiotic components of the studied ecosystems.

Traditional Chinese acupuncture manipulations and “dry needling”

In this paper, the authors studied the manipulation of ＂dry needling＂, reviewed Chinese ancient and modern literature of acupuncture-moxibustion, and found that ＂dry needling＂ is very similar to triple needling, superficial needling, joint valley needling, surround needling, and other traditional Chinese acupuncture- moxibustion manipulations; even if in modern China, before and after the invention of ＂dry needling＂, some unique therapies, such as oblique insertion therapy at Ashi point, sliver needling, Fu＇s subcutaneous needling, and long-round needling, were also invented. It can be seen that ＂dry needling＂ therapy is actually a kind of differentiation of traditional Chinese acupuncture- moxibustion in the international communication. The spread of traditional Chinese acupuncture-moxibustion in the West is the basis for the invention of ＂dry needling＂ therapy, and ＂dry needling＂ therapy develops and enriches traditional Chinese acupuncture-moxibustion.

Effects of Hegu (LI 4) and Taichong (LR 3) on Vascular Dilation and Constriction in Migraine Patients

Hegu （LI 4） and Taichong （LR 3） are the Yuan- Primary acupoints of the Large Intestine and Liver Meridian, and are collectively named as Si Guan （four gates） point. Combined use of these two acupoints can harmonize yin and yang, regulate qi and blood, and balance ascending or descending. This paper attempts to study the effects of Si Guan point on the vascular dilation and constriction in migraine patients from the perspective of its feature.

Effect of Anrou-pressing and kneading Hegu(LI 4)and Sanyinjiao(SP 6)on uterine inertia during painless parturition

Objective:To observe the effect of Anrou-pressing and kneading Hegu(LI 4)and Sanyinjiao(SP 6)on uterine inertia during painless parturition.Methods:A total of 100 cases of patients with uterine inertia during painless parturition were randomized into an acupoint group and a medicine group by the SPSS programming,with 50 cases in each group.Patients in the acupoint group received the treatment of Anrou-pressing and kneading bilateral Hegu(LI 4)and Sanyinjiao(SP 6),while patients in the medicine group received intravenous oxytocin.The labor time and maternal-child safety were evaluated,and the labor stage was compared.Results:The latent and active phases in the 1st labor stage and the 2nd labor stage in the acupoint group were substantially shorter than those in the medicine group,and the between-group comparisons showed statistical significance(all P<0.05).The between-group comparison of the 3rd labor stage showed no statistical significance(P>0.05).The postpartum hemorrhage amount in both groups was within the safe range,and the between-group comparison showed no statistical significance(P>0.05).The newborn 1 min Apgar score was ranged 8-10 points,and the between-group comparison showed no statistical significance(P>0.05).The between-group comparison of the labor stage efficacy showed statistical significance(P<0.01),with a better progression in the acupoint group.Conclusion:Anrou-pressing and kneading Hegu(LI 4)and Sanyinjiao(SP 6)is both effective and safe for uterine inertia during painless parturition.

Treatment of Toothache by Puncturing Hegu （LI 4）

To observe the clinical effect in the treatment of toothache by puncturing Hegu（LI 4）. Methods： Two hundred and seventy-eight cases of the patients were randomly divided into the treatment group （139 cases） and the control group （139 cases）. The treatment group was treated by puncturing Hegu （LI 4） with electric stimulation and the control group, by puncturing Chenshan （BL 57） with electric stimulation, for 3 days as one course of the treatment, to grade pain and observe the anesthetic effect respectively. Results： There was no significant difference in the remarkable effective rate between the two groups before withdrawal of the needle in the treatment for one day （P〉0.05）. In the other times, the remarkable effective rate was obviously higher in the treatment group than in the control group （P〈0.05）, Conclusion： Acupuncture on Hegu （LI 4） is effective in treating toothache.

Therapeutic efficacy observation on needling Yangming method for facial palsy

Objective： To observe the clinical efficacy of Prof. Gao Yu-chun＇s needling Yangming method for facial palsy, as well as to inherit and further develop the academic idea.Methods： A total of 70 cases were randomly allocated into a treatment group（n=35） and a control group（n=35）. Cases in the treatment group were treated with needling Yangming method, whereas cases in the control group were treated with traditional acupuncture method. The treatment was done once a day in both groups（6 times a week） for a total of 6 weeks. Then the therapeutic efficacies were evaluated before and after treatment using the House-Brackmann（H-B） scale and scores of signs and symptoms. Results： After 2 weeks of treatment, patients in the treatment group obtained a better H-B score and recovery rate than those in the control group（P〈0.05）. After 4 weeks of treatment, the H-B score, scores of signs and symptoms and recovery rate in the treatment group were better than those in the control group（P〈0.05, P0.01, P〈0.05）. After 6 weeks of treatment, there were no between-group statistical differences in the above aspects（P〉0.05）. Conclusion： Needling Yangming method can obtain a faster effect, a higher early-stage recovery rate and shorter course of treatment than traditional acupuncture method.

Therapeutic efficacy observation on combining interaction and routine acupuncture for intractable facial palsy

Objective： To observe the clinical efficacy of interaction acupuncture combining with routine acupuncture for intractable facial palsy.Methods： A total of 60 eligible cases were randomly allocated into a treatment group（n=30） and a control group（n=30）. Cases in the treatment group received interaction and routine acupuncture, whereas cases in the control group received routine acupuncture alone. The treatment was done once a day and 10 times made up a course of treatment. The patients were treated for a total of 3 courses and there were no intervals between two courses. Results： The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group（including 17 recovery cases, 11 improvement cases and 2 failure cases）, versus 76.7% in the control group（including 8 recovery cases, 15 improvement cases and 7 failure cases）, showing a statistical difference（P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Combining interaction and routine acupuncture can obtain better effect than routine acupuncture alone for intractable facial palsy.

Treatment of 56 Cases of Pain of Supra-orbital Bone by Puncturing Siguan Acupoints

Pain of supra-orbital bone is very common in clinic The author achieved significant effect in treating 56 cases of pain of supra-orbital bone by puncturing Siguan （four gates） points. The report is as follows.

Study on metabolic intensity value changes of points on the face using thermal chromatography technology

Objective： To observe the changes of metabolic intensity value of points on the face before and after needling bilateral Hegu （LI 4） in healthy people and provide scientific basis for association between Hegu （LI 4） and face/mouth. Methods： A total of 45 healthy college students were selected in this study. Using medical thermography and Pennes bio-heat transfer model, the infrared thermograph images on the face before and after needling bilateral Hegu （LI 4） were collected to observe the distribution of metabolic intensity value on the face before acupuncture and changes in these values after needling bilateral Hegu （LI 4）. Results： Before acupuncture, Cuanzhu （BL 2） had the maximal metabolic intensity value. Its mean value was （0.71±0.23） W. Quanliao （SI 28） had the minimal metabolic intensity value. There were no left-right statistical significances in metabolic intensity values. After needling bilateral Hegu （LI 4）, the metabolic intensity values of most points on the face were increased. Kouheliao （LI 19） obtained the maximal increase： 0.35 W on average; and Yangbai （GB 24） obtained the minimal increase： 0.08 W on average. Conclusion： Points on both sides in healthy people have good symmetry in metabolic intensity value. After needling bilateral Hegu （LI 4）, the metabolic intensity values of points on the face were increased, especially points around the lips, which accords with the pathway of the Large Intestine Meridian on the head and face. This provided some scientific foundation for the association between Hegu （LI 4） and face/mouth.

Role of fNIRS technology in observing the effect of needling Hegu(LI 4) on the functions of prefrontal cortex in healthy volunteers

Objective： To observe the effect of needling Hegu （LI 4） on functions of the prefrontal cortex using the functional near infrared spectroscopy （fNIRS）. Methods： A total of 12 healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to an acupuncture group （n=6） and a control group （n=6）. The control group received no intervention. The acupuncture group received needling Hegu （LI 4） on the right side. The real-time concentration changes of oxygenated hemoglobin （HbO2）, deoxygenated hemoglobin （d-Hb） and total hemoglobin （t-Hb） in the prefrontal cortex were recorded using the fNIRS, allowing for effect analysis of needling Hegu （LI 4） on the functions of the prefrontal cortex. Results： Compared with the control group, the HbO2 and t-Hb concentrations were increased in the acupuncture group and there were between-group statistical significances （bothP〈0.05）. There was no between-group statistical significance in d-Hb concentration （P〉0.05）. Conclusion： Needling Hegu （LI 4） can extensively activate the prefrontal cortex and therefore has significant effect on the functions of the brain＆#39;s prefrontal cortex.

Effect of catgut implantation at acupoints on GABA_B and mGluR1 expressions in brain stem of rats with spasticity after stroke

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of catgut implantation at acupoints on the expressions of γ-amino butyric acid B receptor(GABAB ) and metabotropic glutamate receptor 1(mGluR1) in the brain stem of rats with spasticity after stroke.METHODS: In total, 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: a sham group(n=10), a model group(n=25) and a treatment group(n=25). The rats in both the model group and the treatment group were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion to establish a model of focal cerebral ischemia. Rats with limb-spasm met the inclusion criteria. Only the left carotid artery was isolated in sham group rats. Three days after modeling, the treatment group was subjected to catgut implantation at Dazhui(GV 14), Guanyuan(CV 4), and Zhongwan(CV 12). Neurological deficit symptoms were assessed with the Zea-Longa neurological deficit score. The Modified Ashworth Scale(MAS), and isolated muscle tone were used to evaluate spasticity before and after treatment. Immunohistochemistry was applied to determine the expression of GABAB and mGluR1 in the rat brain stem after treatment.RESULTS: After treatment, neural impairment symptoms had significantly improved in the treatment group when compared to the model group(P<0.05). Both MAS and isolated muscle tone in the treatment group were significantly decreased when compared with the model group(P<0.05),and were also lower than before treatment. GABAB expression was significantly higher and mGluR1 was lower in the treatment group when compared with the model group(P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively).CONCLUSION: Catgut implantation at Dazhui(GV 14), Guanyuan(CV 4), and Zhongwan(CV 12), can relieve limb spasticity by increasing the expression of GABAB and reducing the expression of mGluR1 in the brain stem of rats after stroke.

Influence of Needling Point Hegu(LI4)on Colonoscopy

Purpose： To investigate the influence of needling bilateral points Hegu （LI 4） before colonoscopy on the examined patients and the time of inserting colonoscope. Methods： 185 patients to receive colonoscopy were randomly divided into an acupuncture group （93 cases） and a control group （92 cases） in order of examination. Bilateral points Hegu （LI 4） were needled before colonoscopy in the acupuncture group. No preventive measures were taken in the control group. Pain grades during the period that colonoscope passes the sigmoid and transverse colons were observed and the time of inserting colonoscope was recorded. Results.. One hundred and sixty-five patients underwent colonoscopic insertion successfully, which were taken as the effective cases. Of them, 84 cases were in the acupuncture group and 81 cases in the control group. Statistics indicated that pain grades during colonoscope＇s passing the sigmoid and transverse colons were significantly lower in the acupuncture group than in the control group （P 〈 0.01）; the time of inserting colonoscope was significantly shorter in the acupuncture group than in the control group （P〈 0.05）. Conclusion. Needling bilateral points Hegu（LI 4） before colonoscopy can effectively relieve the patients＇discomfort and shorten the colonoseopic time during the examination.