我国教师教育“大学化”转型阶段“质”与“量”辨析

基于教师教育"大学化"转型是当前教师教育发展的必然趋势的假设,将当前教师教育的发展划分为两个阶段——"趋大学化"阶段和"大学化"阶段。"大学化"阶段的教师教育,是被置于大学中的教师教育,而"趋大学化"阶段的教师教育是院校中的教师教育。师范院校教师教育与大学化教师教育的本质区别表现在文化氛围、学科综合能力以及学术水平上。为此,"趋大学化"的教师教育应该在学科综合化程度、学科学术性积累、学术性与师范性整合以教师教育的定位上狠下功夫。

高等教育大众化应追求“质”与“量”的统一

高等教育大众化是高等教育发展的必然趋势。“量”的发展是高等教育大众化的基础,“质”的提高则是高等教育大众化的目的。追求“质”与“量”的统一是实现我国高等教育大众化的必由之路。

高中语文课外阅读“质”与“量”的研究

课外阅读的能力提高和习惯养成都是一个长期的过程。本文总结了引导高中课外阅读的方法和途径,从而让学生尽量从自发转变成为自觉,从量变到质变,进而取得成功的语文教学效果。

基于优化教师课堂话语“质”与“量”的高效英语课堂构建

在英语教学中,教师的课堂话语对教学效果起着至关重要的作用。要提高课堂话语的质量,教师就要深刻了解课堂话语的"质"和"量"的内涵,从优化课堂话语的"质"和"量"两方面下功夫。优化课堂话语的"质"增强其感染力,优化课堂话语的"量"提高其效益,把它们有机地统一起来,才能收到理想的教学效果,从而打造高效英语课堂。

开发区升格政策与区域创新“增量提质”——基于区县层面和修正专利数据的研究

本文基于2007—2018年区县层面的修正专利数据,采用渐进式多重差分模型实证检验开发区升格政策对区县创新“质”与“量”的影响。研究发现,开发区升格政策使所在区县专利申请数和被引用次数分别增加23.22%和20.25%,推动开发区扮演产学研协同创新平台的角色,激发域内创新主体间的协同化与一体化,进而实现创新成果与实体产业的有机融合;升格政策通过政策优惠效应、企业成长效应和集聚效应等渠道提升所在区县的创新水平,其效果因专利类型、开发区类别和规模及地区政府效率的不同而有所差异。最后,进一步的分析证实升格政策在优化资源配置方面具有重要作用。

供热末端混水系统的应用与分析

目前国内集中供热系统存在许多普遍性的问题,针对这一系列问题,多种技术应运而生,其中末端混水系统技术最近颇受青睐,本文针对新型混水系统的原理、控制依据以及在供热系统中实现的功能进行了详细的介绍,并与具体实际案例相结合,对所得数据进行量化处理,横纵对比,发现采用变频水泵对供水的"质"与"量"同时调节,能够实现节能降耗的作用,有效地解决水利失调的问题。

“三新”和“双减”背景下高二地理作业高效化策略

当前新高考模式下的高二学生在作业态度、作业收交、作业质量、作业布置及批改方面存在问题。本文针对以上问题提出了解决措施:从社会、学校、家长、教师、学生多方面通过政策牵头、家校共管、师生合作协调作业的“质”与“量”的关系;在作业选择、整合与优化设计方面通过精(控制数量)、准(指向目标)、富(内容丰富)、实(联系实际)提升作业质量,结合乡土地理,设计分层及多样化的作业,鼓励学生动脑、动手、动脚,以质提效;在作业批改方面通过建立完善的、多元化的作业批改与评价体系,以学促教。力求通过丰富多彩的作业及评价机制转变学生的作业态度,提高学生的学习兴趣,从而提升作业质量,进而提升学生的核心素养。另外还针对新高考提出了选课走班模式下的作业对策,具有很强的可行性和实用性。

Analysis and Evaluation of Heavy Metal Environmental Quality of Irrigation Water in Vegetable Farmlands of Shandong Province

[Objective] The aim was to evaluate heavy metal environmental quality of irrigation water in vegetable farmlands of Shandong Province. [Method] Heavy metal contents including Hg,Cd,As,Cr (+6),Pb,Cu and Zn in irrigation water of main vegetable farmlands of Shandong Province were investigated by randomly sampling,and the environmental quality conditions of these heavy metals were evaluated by methods of single quality index and complex quality index. [Result] The results showed that the average contents of heavy metals in irrigation water of Shouguang,Laiyang,Jinxiang and Zhangqiu were all far lower than the limit values prescribed by 'Farmland Environmental Quality Evaluation Standards for Edible Agricultural Products' (HJ332-2006),and no heavy metal was found beyond the limit value in every sample. The single quality indices of the 7 elements in the studied 4 places were all lower than 0.5. The comprehensive quality index of the seven elements was 0.317 8 in Shouguang,0.320 4 in Laiyang,0.232 6 in Jinxiang,and 0.260 7 in Zhangqiu. The environmental quality of irrigation water in the studied four places were all set at the first class. [Conclusion] The environmental quality of irrigation water in the 4 places belonged to clean level and were fit for the plantation of no pollution vegetables.

Effects of Intercropping Patterns on Dry Matter Accumulation and Transportation of Maize(Zea mays L.) and Soybean[Glycine max(L.) Merrill]

[Objective] The aim was to discuss the group dry matter accumulation and economic benefits under the patterns of intercropping maize （Zea mays L.） with soy-bean [Glycine max （L.） Merril ]. [Methods] Zhengdan-958 and Luhuang-1 were used as the testing breeds to study the effects of intercropping patterns on dry matter accumulation and transportation of maize and soybean in Huang-huai-hai. [Results] For maize, the dry matter accumulation amounts per hectare of intercropping was significant higher than that of the monoculture patterns, especial y after silking, when it reached extremely level; while for soybean, the dry matter accumulation amounts before flowering and after flowering of monocropping were al significantly higher than that of the intercropping patterns. For both maize and soybean, the transfer amounts of monocropping were al significantly or extremely significantly higher than that of intercropping; and the transfer ratio of maize intercropping was 0.59% higher than that of maize monocropping, while for soybean, it was 4.74% higher. Fitted dry matter accumulation with Logistic equation, it showed that the difference in maximum dry matter accumulation rate between maize monocropping and intercropping reached significant level, while for soybean, the maximum dry matter accumulation rate and its appearance time as wel as duration time between intercropping and monocropping were al reached significant level. The total land equivalent ratio of intercropping was 1.30. From yield and output value, the total yield of intercropping were 10.97 t/hm2, 0.64% and 326.85% higher than monocropping of maize and soy-bean, respectively. The total output value of intercropping was 25 796.23 yuan/hm2, respectively 12.67% and 104.68% higher than of maize and soybean monocropping. [Conclusion] The study lays a basis for improving grain yield and economic benefits.

Some important scientific problems in current lithospheric physics research in China

China has achieved much during recent years in the area of lithospheric physics research and promoted the development of the geosciences （Teng, 2004）. However, in the 21^st century, national needs and policy challenges the science of lithospheric physics. I suggest a general analysis, research, and development direction for lithospheric physics and point out clearly the content, core problems, and key scientific problems in this field. The realization of the earth and the discovery of the basic mechanisms of mountains, basins, minerals, and natural disasters depend basically on high-resolution observations of geophysics, the delineation of the fine structure of crust and mantle （2D and 3D） inside the lithosphere, substance and energy exchanges in the deep earth, the process of deep physical, mechanical, and chemical actions, and deep dynamical response. Therefore, geophysics should be the pioneer in the geosciences field in the first half of the 21^st century. I end with an analysis and discussion of some problems and difficulties in the research of lithospheric physics.

Customer participation in the service encounter

This paper considers the role of service customers in those service encounters where the customer participates in the service production and delivery process, and the customer factors, motivations and incentive mechanism to participate in service delivery are analyzed. This study explores the relationship between service quality and service customer participation in the service encounter and the effect of customer participation on service providers＇ job stress. Finally, the management implications about customer participation in the service encounter from the findings are discussed.

Numerical simulation of VIV for an elastic cylinder mounted on the spring supports with low mass-ratio

With the development of the offshore deep water oil industry many researchers are focusing on the vortex-induced vibrations （VIV） of deep risers. In the present work, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes （RANS） equations were combined with the SST κ-ω turbulent model to simulate the stream-wise and transverse motion of an elastically mounted cylinder with a low mass-ratio, a natural frequency ratio of fx/fy = 1 and an Re number between 5 300 and 32 000, The four-order Runge-Kutta method was applied to solve the oscillating equation of the cylinder. The relationship between reduced velocity and parameters of the cylinder, including the lift coefficient, the drag coefficient, displacement and the vortex structure were then compared with recent experimental results and discussed in detail. The present numerical simulation reproduced effects have been observed in experiments, such as the lock-in phenomenon, the hysteretic phenomenon and beating behavior.

Air Quality Legislation and Standards in the European Union: Background, Status and Public Participation

In order to improve air quality, the European Union introduced the New Air Quality Directive in 2008 and set its Member States strict targets on air pollution concentrations for the most harmful and challenging substances, such as fine particles. The law enforcement relies on a monitoring and reporting system to inform the European Commission and the public, for it is the citizens' right to be informed about harmful air quality. With sectoral measures, air quality could be improved in the past 20 years, but some emissions concentrations have stagnated in recent years and emissions temporarily exceed thresholds in nearly half of the Member States. The European Emission Inventory allows the commission to identify the substances, areas, and times of exceedances, and to implement sectoral measures leading to air quality improvements, all of which have to be made available publicly. This manuscript introduces the air quality legislation and reviews the quality of European air for recent years.

Evaluation analysis of space elements of the mosque's inner courtyard in Nanjing City from the Arab users' view

In order to promote the development of the relationship between China and the Islamic world and meet the cultural needs of Muslims when using mosques in China, this study focuses on the design of mosques in a multi-cultural context. Mosques are an integral part of the China and the Muslims’ society due to their unique style and features. The courtyard is a common element in the design of mosques, and its components vary depending on regional traditions of the time and place where it was built. With the growth of interest in the term of human needs and participation between designer and users in evaluating the design quality, this study summarizes the modern and traditional Chinese mosque courtyard design for Arabian Muslim users in order to evaluate whether their physical and spiritual needs are being appropriately met or not. A questionnaire was distributed to Arab Muslims living in the city of Nanjing to discuss the quality evaluation of traditional and modern mosques’ courtyard design. Through the analysis of seven natural and physical key issue elements in the design of the courtyard, the functional characteristics and configurations are analyzed. The results can be used to improve the design of the new mosque in future by using the vocabulary that accomplishes the architectural fusion of both Chinese and Islamic culture, as well as aesthetic and functional aspects.

Conceptual framework of applying mass valuation in Hong Kong urban renewal compensation scheme

In most urban redevelopment projects that take place in Hong Kong, the Urban Renewal Authority (URA) will offer compensation to an owner-occupier based on the market value of the property. The basis of market value assessment is defined as a seven-year-old flat in a comparable quality building, situated in a similar locality in terms of characteristics and accessibility, and located at the middle floor with average orientation. However, little was done in exploring the application and the integration of mass valuation technique in the compulsory acquisition valuation area. This paper endeavors to illustrate the prospects of using mass valuation techniques to value high-rise and strata-title dilapidated buildings by adopting a standardization statistical method to derive resumption estimates.

Application of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System to Elaborate UQI （Urban Quality Index）： A Case of Casablanca, Morocco

The urban environmental quality remains currently difficult to be assessed because of overlapping of several natural and anthropogenic factors having socio-economic and environmental outstanding impacts. The fast developing and uncontrolled urbanization is behind the development of some negative side effects on the urban environment. Many studies demonstrate the ability of remote sensing and GIS （geographic information system） to monitor urban environment quality. Casablanca, Morocco＇s economical capital is facing a fast growing demographic development amplified by a massive rural depopulation and all this in an anarchic way. This growth of increased urban activity comes often with the proliferation of informal settlement and shantytown to the detriment of farming areas and green spaces. This study is made possible by using a SPOT-5 image of Casablanca city, taken March 16, 2004 merged with 2.5 m spatial resolution and census data. Indicators were defined and listed in social, economic and environmental categories. An index of environmental quality in Casablanca city for the 17 urban municipalities was calculated after the standardization and weighting of indicators used. The results may be useful to city managers and planners who are concerned with urban environment quality issues and sustainable development.

Brief introduction for application of the USA national drug code

The reference listed drug (RLD) adopted in the USA orange book is the important source of the Chinese comparator product directories of generic medicinal products. Therefore, its availability has the vital significanee for pharmaceutical enterprise to carry out the re-evaluation of gen eric medici nal products and study of generic medicinal products. The nati onal drug code (NDC) is the unique, 3-segment number for each drug product in USA, and it serves as a universal product identifier for drugs. While the NDC directory adopts the infbrmation of drug products in the current commercial distribution, including all of the prescription drug and over the counter (OTC) drug products. The composition and configuration of the NDC number are systemically elaborated in this paper, as well as the data source, development history and supporting measures of the NDC directory. At the same time, by taking drugs, which are adopted in the Chinese comparator product directory of generic medicinal product (first batch) and sourced from USA orange book, as example, it introduces the application of the NDC directory in the availability aspect of the Chinese comparator products to facilitate the Chinese or foreign pharmaceutical manufacturers to search, identify and purchase the suitable RLD sourced from USA orange book. Moreover, it can provide referenee for Chinese drug regulatory to prepare the Chinese comparator product directories of generic medicinal products.

Brief introduction for application of USA authorized generic drugs

The authorized generic drugs(AGs)are drug products marketed in the USA with the permission of sponsor or holder of the approved brand name drug(usually refers to an innovator drug).Other than the fact that it does not have the brand name on its label,it is the exact same drug product as the brand name product.In China,for those published comparator products of generic drug products,the market availability is the first question to affect the smooth development and investigation for the process of the re-evaluation of the generic drugs.In the present paper,we systemically elaborated the definition,classification and relevant background of the AGs,as well as their differences to the generic drugs.At the same time,by taking drug products,which are adopted in the Chinese comparator product directories for generic medicinal products(first batch)and sourced from USA orange book,as examples,we introduced the searching process of the AGs with the integration of FDA listing of AGs,the USA orange book and the USA national drug code directory.It can facilitate the domestic and foreign pharmaceutical enterprises to search,identify and purchase the corresponding AGs of the designated comparator product when question emerges to its market availability.

Brief introduction for search and determination of the comparator product for generic medicinal product application in the EU

It is vital segment to choose the right comparator product during the development and study of generic medicinal product, and this is also definitely specified in the relevant documents from the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA)that the comparator product should be innovator product or internationally recognized same medicinal product,which is used in the re-evaluation of generic medicinal product or marketed authorization application of the generic medicinal product.To facilitate the domestic and foreign pharmaceutical enterprises to choose and determine comparator product,four medicinal product evaluation procedures,as well as the corresponding marketed medicinal product list,are detailed elaborated in this paper.At the same time, by taking the Mifepristone Tablet (200mg)as example,the search and determination process of the comparator product for generic medicinal product application in the EU is illustrated with the combination of different marketed medicinal product lists.

Study on Sustainable Development Capability of Shandong Province

Based on the indicator system of Sustainable Development (SD), Shandong Province was select- ed as an example for assessment with AHP method and the standard year was 1978. The conclusion was that Shandong Province’ s ability of SD was be- ing strengthened step by step, and there were also some restrictive factors, and according to the basic conditions of Shandong Province, countermeasures and strategy of SD were put forward.