Freezing injury is one of the major disasters for the production of winter wheat in the North China Plain, which leads to a significant decrease of wheat yield. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of su...Freezing injury is one of the major disasters for the production of winter wheat in the North China Plain, which leads to a significant decrease of wheat yield. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of subfreezing temperature on freezing injury of various winter wheat cultivars at different sowing time. Three wheat cultivars, including Zhengmai 9023, Wanmai 48 and Wanmai 50, were sowed on 25 September and 5 October, respectively. Plant anatomy was applied to investi- gate the impact of subfreezing temperature on cells of three wheat cultivars, results showed that severe plasmolysis occurred in wheat sowed earlier suddenly encoun- tered subfreezing temperature without cold acclimation, compared with wheat sowed at proper sowing time. The degree of plasmolysis of different cultivars and tissues of wheat had significant differences and showed positive correlation with subfreezing temperature. Wanmai 50 had the highest cold resistance compared with Zhengmai 9023 and Wanmai 48, and there was no significant difference between Zhengmai 9023 and Wanmai 48. This study concluded that wheat cold resistance may be im- proved by adopting proper cultivars and sowing dates.展开更多
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) Technology was used to investigate the effect of 25,100 and 200 mg/kg copper on ultra-structure of root tip and leaf blade of wheat. Result showed that serious damage was found w...Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) Technology was used to investigate the effect of 25,100 and 200 mg/kg copper on ultra-structure of root tip and leaf blade of wheat. Result showed that serious damage was found with Copper of 25,100 and 200 mg/kg. Plasmolysis,concentrated cytoplasm,chloroplast inflation,lamellar structure disturbance,capsule disappearance and disintegration,mitochondria structures ambiguity and vacuolization were all symptoms under Cu stress. There were positive correlation between concentration of coper stress and the degree of injury,and the degree of injury of copper were different in different organelles. Mitochondria were the most sensitive organelles,and there was patient difference in the same organelles of different parts.展开更多
In previous study we reported that pretreatment with plasmolysis enhanced somatic embryo formation in hypocotyls of Eleutherococcus senticosus.In the present study,the expression level of callose synthase gene in embr...In previous study we reported that pretreatment with plasmolysis enhanced somatic embryo formation in hypocotyls of Eleutherococcus senticosus.In the present study,the expression level of callose synthase gene in embryos of E.senticosus in response to 2,4-D,sucrose and mannitol treatments was analyzed by RT-PCR.The results show that plasmolysis pretreatment using sucrose and mannitol significantly promoted the expression of callose synthase gene.Also,the thicker cell walls of explant plasmolyzed compared with controls were observed during the somatic embryogenesis.We suggest that the callose may make the cells in epidermis separate from neighboring cells and then develop into embryogenic potential cells.展开更多
Plasma membrane of plant cells is surrounded by cellulose wall and adjacent cells are joined together by a thick pectin rich matrix. Separation of plant cells and removal of the cell wall experimentally, by either a m...Plasma membrane of plant cells is surrounded by cellulose wall and adjacent cells are joined together by a thick pectin rich matrix. Separation of plant cells and removal of the cell wall experimentally, by either a mechanical or an enzymatic process, results in the production ofprotoplast. Protoplasts are useful tools to study the uptake and transport ofmacromolecules and production of somatic hybrids. Protoplasts can be obtained from all types of actively growing young and healthy tissues. The most convenient and widely used source of plant protoplasts is leaf. Juvenile seedling tissues, cotyledons are other alternative tissues most frequently used for protoplasts isolation. All the environmental and genotypic factors, which affect the cell wall thickenings and compactness indirectly, influence the number of protoplasts recovered. Protoplasts are isolated by two methods, mechanical and enzymatic. The enzyme mixture solution of celluiose/macerozyme is used to digest the cell wall. The critical factors affecting the obtaning ofprotoplasts are the kinds of cell wall degrading enzymes, the physiological state of plant leaves, the type of osmotic stabilizers and the composition of reaction solution. With the improvement of technique and enzyme combination rate, the yield of collected protoplasts will be increased higher.展开更多
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Support Program of China(2011BAD16B06,2012BAD04B09)~~
文摘Freezing injury is one of the major disasters for the production of winter wheat in the North China Plain, which leads to a significant decrease of wheat yield. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of subfreezing temperature on freezing injury of various winter wheat cultivars at different sowing time. Three wheat cultivars, including Zhengmai 9023, Wanmai 48 and Wanmai 50, were sowed on 25 September and 5 October, respectively. Plant anatomy was applied to investi- gate the impact of subfreezing temperature on cells of three wheat cultivars, results showed that severe plasmolysis occurred in wheat sowed earlier suddenly encoun- tered subfreezing temperature without cold acclimation, compared with wheat sowed at proper sowing time. The degree of plasmolysis of different cultivars and tissues of wheat had significant differences and showed positive correlation with subfreezing temperature. Wanmai 50 had the highest cold resistance compared with Zhengmai 9023 and Wanmai 48, and there was no significant difference between Zhengmai 9023 and Wanmai 48. This study concluded that wheat cold resistance may be im- proved by adopting proper cultivars and sowing dates.
基金Supported by Scientific and Technological Fund from China University of Mining and Technology (D200402)~~
文摘Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) Technology was used to investigate the effect of 25,100 and 200 mg/kg copper on ultra-structure of root tip and leaf blade of wheat. Result showed that serious damage was found with Copper of 25,100 and 200 mg/kg. Plasmolysis,concentrated cytoplasm,chloroplast inflation,lamellar structure disturbance,capsule disappearance and disintegration,mitochondria structures ambiguity and vacuolization were all symptoms under Cu stress. There were positive correlation between concentration of coper stress and the degree of injury,and the degree of injury of copper were different in different organelles. Mitochondria were the most sensitive organelles,and there was patient difference in the same organelles of different parts.
基金supported by the 948 Program of State Forestry Administration (No2009-4-26)co-sponsored by SRF for ROCS and the National Natural Science Foundation (No 30972390) of China
文摘In previous study we reported that pretreatment with plasmolysis enhanced somatic embryo formation in hypocotyls of Eleutherococcus senticosus.In the present study,the expression level of callose synthase gene in embryos of E.senticosus in response to 2,4-D,sucrose and mannitol treatments was analyzed by RT-PCR.The results show that plasmolysis pretreatment using sucrose and mannitol significantly promoted the expression of callose synthase gene.Also,the thicker cell walls of explant plasmolyzed compared with controls were observed during the somatic embryogenesis.We suggest that the callose may make the cells in epidermis separate from neighboring cells and then develop into embryogenic potential cells.
文摘Plasma membrane of plant cells is surrounded by cellulose wall and adjacent cells are joined together by a thick pectin rich matrix. Separation of plant cells and removal of the cell wall experimentally, by either a mechanical or an enzymatic process, results in the production ofprotoplast. Protoplasts are useful tools to study the uptake and transport ofmacromolecules and production of somatic hybrids. Protoplasts can be obtained from all types of actively growing young and healthy tissues. The most convenient and widely used source of plant protoplasts is leaf. Juvenile seedling tissues, cotyledons are other alternative tissues most frequently used for protoplasts isolation. All the environmental and genotypic factors, which affect the cell wall thickenings and compactness indirectly, influence the number of protoplasts recovered. Protoplasts are isolated by two methods, mechanical and enzymatic. The enzyme mixture solution of celluiose/macerozyme is used to digest the cell wall. The critical factors affecting the obtaning ofprotoplasts are the kinds of cell wall degrading enzymes, the physiological state of plant leaves, the type of osmotic stabilizers and the composition of reaction solution. With the improvement of technique and enzyme combination rate, the yield of collected protoplasts will be increased higher.
