《古赋辩体》之后的元朝赋论

《古赋辩体》之后的元朝赋论大都深受祝尧"祖骚宗汉"复古思想的影响,不过他们对祝尧所论也多有补益,有的对其未曾涉及的领域有所论述,有的对其偏颇与矛盾之处有所更正,有的还扩大了学习古赋的范围。虽然这些赋论由于缺乏系统性,历来关注较少,但对于元后期辞赋的复古思潮却起了推波助澜的作用,具有独特的价值,可视为对祝尧赋论的补充。

古赋文体概念的生成及文体特征

古赋概念是辞赋体裁发展到一定程度,为保持和捍卫古赋自身文体特征需要而出现的。辞赋发展到六朝,骈文成为文坛潮流,同时四声八病等声律因素出现,辞赋与诗歌一样,由古转骈,由古转律。为区分后起的骈赋、律赋及文赋,自然而然就出现了古赋的文体概念。文体概念的出现并非一蹴而就,而是经历了六朝至元朝数百年间的发展,特别是元朝辞赋家的理论贡献,古赋才由一种偶然的提法发展成一种成熟的文体概念。古赋的文体特征与骈赋、律赋、文赋具有显著差别,这由古赋概念产生的背景决定的。古赋主要继承了《楚辞》和汉代散体大赋、抒情小赋的传统,一则重视赋之本义名物铺陈的传统,一则重视情感抒发的传统,此二传统可视为古赋的文体特征。

劫后花开寂寞红——论道咸时期的“词史”写作

清道光、咸丰年间,社会动乱频仍,纪录、反映历史、人心的词作随之大量涌现。在这个"词史"写作的高潮中,词人们探寻着恰当的方式,以表达其所见闻、感慨与反思。直陈其事的述说与一唱三叹之低吟占据着主流,而比物连类的寄托与同题共作之群言也已发端。以谭献为代表的常州词派理论家,首先对这一批"词史"写作成果展开整理与批评,推扬了其中部分"比兴寄托"的词作。

论赋的起源和赋文体的成立

赋的起源和文体的形成,有源于楚辞、源于六诗、源于纵横家文、源于诸子等各种不同说法,学术界根据汉代辞赋作品的不同体制,区分为骚体赋、大赋、小赋等类别,又据时代先后,以骚体赋最早产生,渐渐影响到大赋的产生。在这个基础上研究赋的起源,其实混淆了赋文体产生的历史时段,因而对汉代辞赋出现的不同面貌,不能提供合理的历史依据,故解释也就往往纠缠在一起,难以说明赋文体发展的历史途径。经过对历史材料的梳理可知,在赋文体建立的过程中,楚辞的影响其实很晚,最少到汉武帝时才由南方传到北方,经过由南入北的辞赋家如枚乘等人的努力,以楚辞体与北方流传的以铺叙风物为特征的杂赋结合起来,遂在枚乘、司马相如等人手中建立起一种新型文体——大赋。

Mineralogy and crystal chemistry of a low grade nickel laterite ore

To acquire understanding of Ni enrichment from laterite ore,the mineralogy and crystal chemistry of a low grade limonite type nickel laterite ore sample assaying 0.97% Ni from Indonesia were studied using optical microscopy,X-ray diffraction（XRD）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and electron probe microanalysis（EPMA）.According to EPMA results,the mineral includes 80% goethite（（Fe,Ni,Al）O（OH）） with 0.87% Ni,15% silicate minerals with lizardite（（Mg,Fe,Ni）3Si2O5（OH）） and olivine（（Mg,Fe,Ni）2SiO4）,and 1.19% Ni,and other minor phases,such as hematite,maghemite,chromite and quartz,and no Ni was detected.The mineralogy of the laterite ore indicates that due to the complicated association of the various phases and the variable distribution of Ni,this refractory laterite ore can not be upgraded by traditional physical beneficiation processes.

Characteristics and geological genesis of pyrites in coal of Huainan

Using optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, revealed the content of pyrite and the microscopic or sub-microscopic occurrence features of pyrite in coal of Huainan. The samples of this study are from four different mines in Huainan coal field. The results show that, in general, the coal of Huainan is low sulfur coal, but the con- tent of pyrite in Guqiao mine is relatively higher. The occurrence types of pyrite in coal mainly include： strawberry ball pyrites, massive pyrites, tuberculoid pyrite and pyrite filling in cracks or joints. After analysis based on three indicating facies parameters IAA, IS and/R, the reason for the higher level of pyrite component is that the deoxidization of swamp wa- ter is stronger, salinity is greater and the hydrodynamic is bad. The strawberry ball pyrites found in Guqiao mostly formed in the syngenesis stage. The spherical raspberry pyrites symbiotic with clay minerals was formed due to the reaction of H2S with Fe in the grid of silicate crystal.

Volume of unit ball in an n-dimensional normed space and its asymptotic properties

Let Bp^n={x∈R^b｜‖x‖p≤1} be the unit ball of p norm in the n-dimensional normed space εp＆n.The formula for the volume of Bp^n was obtained and its asymptotic properties were found out as n→∞and p→∞.

Mechanism of stepwise tectonic control on gas occurrence: A study in North China

To gain an understanding of gas occurrence, distribution is the fundamental basis for preventing gas disasters. Presently, how tectonic structures control gas occurrence remains problematic. This study proposes the theory and elucidates the mechanism of stepwise tectonic control on gas occurrence according to the characteristics of gas occurrence and the patterns of gas distribution in coal mines in North China. On the one hand, tectonic compression and shearing lead to stress concentration and thus deform the coal and reduce the coal seam permeability, further contributing to gas preservation. On the other hand, tectonic extension and rifting lead to stress release and thus improve the coal seam permeability, further contributing to gas emission. Therefore, the distribution zones of tectonic compression, ubiquitous coal deformation, and gas accumulation have been step-wisely revealed, and the coal-gas outburst proneness zones are finally identified. The proposed theory of step-wise tectonic control on gas occurrence is of practical significance for gas prediction and control.

贾谊赋考论四题

贾谊全面关注楚文化发生在贬谪长沙以后,可以系年的辞赋作品有《吊屈原赋》、《鹏鸟赋》、《旱云赋》等。其辞赋不但具有上承屈宋、下启两汉的重要意义,而且为散体大赋的“散”奠定了坚实的基础。从《吊屈原赋》,中经《鹏鸟赋》,再到《旱云赋》,贾谊辞赋创作的大趋势是逐步地从楚辞体中解放出来,在摸索中探索“赋”的内涵。连云港尹湾汉简《神乌赋》出土是汉赋研究史上的一件大事。《鹏鸟赋》是《神乌赋》的上源。