论“趋向”的词汇化

词组词汇化是汉语词汇衍生的一条重要途径。"趋向"由于在线性序列上紧邻,出现高频连用,从而由最初松散的并列短语发生词汇化演变为动词和名词,本文通过对词组"趋向"进行考察,在对其词汇化历程情况分析的基础上,初步探讨了其词汇化的原因。

Stem cells tropism for malignant gliomas

Various studies have demonstrated the tremendous tropism of stem cells for malignant gliomas,making these cells a potential vehicle for delivery of therapeutic genes to disseminated glioma cells.However,little is known about the mechanisms underlying the glioma-induced tropism of stem cells.Soluble factors including chemokines or growth factors released and expressed by glioma cells at least mediate the tropism of stem cells for gliomas.Here we review the possible mechanisms of stem cells tropism for malignant gliomas.

Spatial and environmental effects on plant communities in the Yellow River Delta, Eastern China

Types and structure of plant communities in the Yellow River Delta were investigated by using detrended canonical correspondence analyses （DCCAs） and a two-way indicator species analysis （TWINSPAN）. The distribution pattern and influential factors of the plant communities were also analyzed by testing elevation, slope, soil characteristics, longitude and latitude of 134 vegetation samples collected by representative plot sampling methods. Results showed that all the 134 vegetation samples could be divided into seven vegetation groups, separately dominated by Robinia pseucdoacacia, Imperata cylindrical, Miscanthus saccharifleus, Suaeda salsa, Aeluropus sinensis, Phragmites australis and Tamarix chinensis. The vegetation distribution pattern was mainly related to elevation, ground water depth and soil characteristics such as salinity and soluble potassium. Among the factors affecting distribution pattern of the plant communities, the species matrix explained by non-spatial environmental variation accounts for 45.2% of total variation. Spatial variation and spatial-structured environmental variation explain 11.8%, and 2.2%, respectively. Remained 40.8% of undetermined variation is attributed to biological and stochastic factors.

Characterization of Mediterranean Magnetotactic Bacteria

Magnetotactic bacteria are a diverse group of motile prokaryotes that are ubiquitous in aquatic habitats and cosmopolitan in distribution. In this study, we collected magnetotactic bacteria from the Mediterranean Sea. A remarkable diversity of morphotypes was observed, including multicellular types that seemed to differ from those previously found in North and South America. Another interesting organism was one with magnetosomes arranged in a six-stranded bundle which occupied one third of the cell width. The magnetosome bundle was evident even under optic microscopy. These cells were connected together and swam as a linear entire unit. Magnetosomes did not always align up to form a straight linear chain. A chain composed of rectangle magnetosomes bent at a posi- tion with an oval crystal. High resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis of the crystal at the pivotal position suggested uncompleted formation of the crystal. This is the first report of Mediterranean magnetotactic bacteria, which should be useful for studies of biogeochemical cycling and geohistory of the Mediterranean Sea.

Preliminary Study on Element Leaching and Current Soil-Forming Process of Red Soils

The leaching characteristics and the element concentration in soil solution of red soils derived from sandstone,granite,Quaternary red clay and basalt have been studied in the Red Earth Ecological Experimental Station,Academia Sinica,using 12 lysimeters.Results obtained show that the element leaching process of red soils occurs mainly from January to the beginning of July annually.The elements with higher concentration in leaching solution of red soils are Si,Ca,Na,K,Mg,and N.The desilication and the leaching process of base cations occur simultaneously in the red soils.Using the first order differential equation and measured parameters of Si leaching,the leaching models of Si for red soils derived from different parent materials are constructed.The leaching process of Si is simulated with the models.Both the absolute and relative ages of red soils derived from different parent materials are discussed based on the simulation result.On the basis of element leaching,composition of soil solution and thermodynamics,the current soil-forming process is discussed.According to the phase diagram,the kaolinization is prevailing in the current formation of different red soils.

“てくれる”和“てもらぅ”的语义及表现形式

结果可能、愿望实现的非一致性和行为趋向的一体性与非一体性是‘てくれる’、‘てもらう’表现受授关系的重要的意义特征。结果可能与愿望实现的非一致性要求二者在表现同一意义时需采用‘てくれる’→‘てもらえる’→‘てくれる’这种形式。而二者在行为趋向上的一体性与非一体性决定了‘てくれる’的‘动作者’具有动作的主动性和‘てもらう’的‘动作者’具有动作的被动性这一意义。

Climate change analysis of sea surface temperature in Chengshantou based on homogenized observatory array

The observational sea surface temperature(SST)data from 1960 to 2017 of the Chengshantou marine station has been adjusted by the Penalized Maximal Test(PMT)developed by the Climate Research Center of the Environment Ministry of Canada,based on the metadata archive.In this study,the homogenous surface air temperature(SAT)data from neighboring meteorological observation stations are used to construct the reference series by correlation coefficient weighted averaged method.The climate change characteristics of the Chengshantou SST were analyzed using the homogenized data.Results show that the annual average SST trend has changed significantly before and after the homogenization.The warming trend increased from 0.04℃/10 a before revision to 0.15℃/10 a.The warmest five years occurred mostly after 1980,that is,1973,1989,2002,2007 and 2017.SST generally showed a significant upward trend and significant inter-decadal fluctuations.From the 1960s to the end of the 1980s,it was a colder stage,and then began to warm up.It was a warmer period from the 1990s to the present.From 1960 to 2017,the jump point occurred in 1987,which is very consistent with the temperature characteristics of China's mainland.

Analysis of T/S characteristics of Sulawesi Sea based on Argo and XBT

The climate distribution and variation characteristics of temperature and salinity i n the upper surface layer of Sulawesi Sea(117-127°E,0-8°N)were analyzed using Argo T/S profiles of 0-1500 m and XBT temperature profiles obtained by Chinese Antarctic scientific investigation.The results show that the temperature and salinity are respectively about 2.5℃-30℃ and 33.2‰-35.1‰ in the Sulawesi sea.Compared with the vertical changes,the T/S horizontal gradients are smaller.The temperatures gradually reduce with the in crease of the depth.The sali nities increase firstly,then decrease,and increase finally with the increase of depth.The salinity has two lower and one higher salinity areas.The whole sea surface shows the characteristics of high temperature and low salinity.T he subsurface temperature is slightly lower with salinity increasing.Middle depths are characterized by high temperature and high salinity.At the depth of 500 m,the temperature and salinity tend to be uniform.And at the bottom,T/S represent lower temperature with higher salinity.Moreover,an obvious thermocline exists at the depth of 50 m-150 m.The thermocline depth in summer is less than 90 m and is about 110 m in winter.The thermocline exists in the deeper depth in April than that of November by XBT observation sections.In the central of Sulawesi Sea,the thermocline is also relatively deeper.

Quantitative analysis of deformation in hollow cylinder tests on anisotropic clay formations

A series of triaxial laboratory experiments are performed on thick-walled hollow cylindrical samples of boom clay.The aim of this testing program is to better understand the anisotropic deformation during the excavation.The testing conditions are similar to those to be experienced by host rocks around disposal galleries for radioactive waste.X-ray computed tomography is performed at different steps for each test with the samples remaining inside the loading cell.Initial analysis of the tomography images allows of the observation of the deformation of the central hole.In addition,particles manual tracking and 3D volumetric digital image correlation processing methods are considered being used to analyze the particles displacements and the boundary deformation of the sample quantitatively.An unsymmetrical damaged zone is induced around the hole,with a reverse deformation trend being found at the boundary after unloading,which indicates that the significant anisotropic deformation of boom clay can be induced by mechanical unloading.

Research on Vibration Characteristics of Large Scale Belt Conveyor and Its Application

High speed and large capacity belt conveyor is the main development trend. In the design, calculated and used of belt conveyor must be considered the high speed, large capacity, dynamic load. This paper starts from the analysis of conveyor belt transverse vibration. Through calculate transverse vibration natural frequency of conveyor belt, and analyze the lateral stability of belt conveyor.