“近代”、“近世”,历史分期与史学观念

本文考察了古典时间名词“近代”和“近世”在清末民国时期词义的演化及其给中国史学近代化和近代中国史学发展带来的影响 ,认为清末民国时期“近代”和“近世”词义的翻新 ,改变了中国传统的历史时间分期法 ,促进了中国通史研究的近代化 ,促进了专门史、边缘史、近代史研究的发展 ,同时又相当程度上反映了清末民国时期中国史学近代化的广度和深度。

白话:“近世文学”之语言——论近代白话文运动的“文学”内涵

对从晚清到“五四”一段白话与文言冲突、调适、转换的过程，不能仅作抽象之评价，对于“白话”不能作概念化理解，更需具体细致地加以剖析，方能感知新文学革命的丰富内涵。仅自晚清一段白话与小说地位上升之关系看来，文白转换绝非简单的语言现象，而与文体秩序的调整、“文学”观念的萌动、作家价值取向的转变纠葛缠绕、紧密相联。“五四”时期中国文学的全面变革正孕育此中。

白话:“近世文学”之语言——论近代白话文运动的“文学”内涵

对从晚清到“五四”一段白话与文言冲突、调适、转换的过程 ,不能仅做抽象评价 ,对于“白话”不能作概念化理解 ,更需具体细致地加以剖析 ,方能感知新文学革命的丰富内涵。仅自晚清一段白话与小说地位上升之关系看来 ,文白转换绝非简单的语言现象 ,而与文体秩序的调整、“文学”观念的萌动、作家价值取向的转变纠葛缠绕紧密相联。“五四”

“统一的文学”观念与中国文学研究的现代化

“五四”新文化运动以来,“统一的文学”作为文学研究的“近世精神”的基本观念,与文化领域对普遍的现代性的认同正相一致。在统一的文学观念基础上,中西文学的差异由国族地域之殊变而为历史时代之别,西方文论代表了现代的普遍的文学原理,中国文学批评史成为普遍的文学原理在中国发生与演变的历史。但钱锺书等学者已经认识到普遍的或世界的文学观念并不等于西方的文学观念,因而致力于中国文学与西方文学之间的“互相照明”、平等对话,力争建立真正的普遍的文学理论。在现代中国,亦有学者主张并致力于建立现代的民族的文学理论,随着后现代主义思潮的兴起,民族文学理论问题转换为中国文论话语问题。从学术史的角度看,现代学者所追求的普遍的文学观念有其历史的合理性,但普遍的文学观念本身也是历史性的、变化的,中国固有文学观念应当而且可以是普遍的文学观念的一部分。

明清之际的学术话语转型与儒学的转折

关于宋明理学与明清哲学之间错综复杂的关系及宋元明清哲学的现代价值问题的讨论,是20世纪中国学术界的一件大事。肯定明清哲学具有启蒙性质,并将其看作是中国现代文化的活水源头的部分学者,借用西方近代文化与现代性的话语,努力发掘明清哲学中的新思想因素。而肯定宋明理学的理论价值与现代意义的部分学者,则强调宋明理学对现代中国道德意识培养与人格境界的提升所具有的正面价值。双方又都能言之成理,持之有故,而且都有自己的学术名家。在新的时代条件下,我们如何重新反思宋明理学与明清哲学之间的错综复杂的关系,准确把握宋元明清哲学的现代价值,仍然是一个有着广阔学术前景的话题。本组笔谈,既有吴根友教授就宋元明清哲学研究的范式及其方法诸问题作的深入思考,也有明清哲学研究知名专家许苏民、蒋国保二先生对"明清启蒙说"在学理与史料两方面做出更为新颖论证的作品,还有在宋明理学、明清哲学贯通研究中的新锐郭晓东、魏长宝、姚才刚、张丽华、陈敏荣等人对宋明学说的现代价值,"明清启蒙说"的学理困难等进行新的论证的文章。这些观点对于我进一步思考宋明理学与明清哲学的关系及宋元明清哲学的现代价值等,提供了新的思路。

A Frame Nucleus on a Two-side Prequantale

In this paper, a Frame nucleus and prime elements in a Prequantale are defined. The concrete structure of a Frame prequantic quotient is considered, and the relation between the half-prime element and the Frame nucleus in a two-side Prequantale are obtained.

Late Cretaceous biota and the Cretaceous-Paleogene(K--Pg)Boundary in Jiayin of Heilongjiang,China

An international cooperative study of the Late Cretaceous biota and non-marine strata including the Cretaceous-Paleogene(K--Pg) boundary in Jiayin near the Heilongjiang River,China during 2002-2010,is summarized in this paper. The strata includes the Upper Cretaceous Yong'ancun-,Taipinglinchang-,Yuliang-zi-,and Furao formations,and the Paleocence Wuyun Formation consisting of Baoshantou Member and a Coalbearing Member. Seven palynological assemblages from Santonian to Paleocene are recognized,which is used for definition of the K--Pg boundary. Through the palynological analysis of three drilled boreholes (XHY-2005,2006,2008) in Xiaoheyan of western Jiayin,the K--Pg boundary is defined within 20. 00-20. 05 m in the borehole XHY-2006 (as a standard boundary) which is just between the top of Furao Formation (late Maasterichtian) and the base of Baishantou Member (early Danian) . These new research results are supported by paleo- magnetic,geochemical and other analyses,also. On the other hand,the presence of eight taxa of Maasterichtian dinosaurs (mostly hadrosaurids) have been recognized by the authors; and two mega-plant assemblages from the Yong'ancun Fm (Santonian) to Taipinglinchang Fm (Campanian) are confirmed. These research a-chievements indicate that the Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene in Jiayin can be well correlated to the strata in the neighboring Zeya-Bureja basin,Russia. The K--Pg boundary definited in Jiayin is the first well documented non-marine K--Pg boundary in China. Also the related paleoclimate,paleoenvironment and the mass extinctions in this area during the Cretaceous-Paleocene transition are also discussed.

The Potentially Dangerous Asteroid （99942） Apophis

This paper computed the newest impact solutions of the potentially dangerous asteroid （99942） Apophis based on 4,138 optical observations from March 15.10789 UTC （Universal Time Coordinated）, 2004 to February 28.089569 UTC, 2014 and 20 radar observations from January 27, 2005 through March 15, 2013, as of June 20, 2014. Using the freely available the OrbFit software Package, this paper followed its orbit forward in the searching for close approaches with the Earth and possible impacts up to year 2116. With the different A2 non-gravitational parameter in the motion of the asteroid （99942） Apophis, this paper computed possible impact solutions using the JPL DE405 （Jet Propulsion Laboratory Development Ephemeris） and 25 additional massive perturbed asteroids. Additionally, this paper used weighing and selection methods adopted in the OrbFit software as prepared by the NEODyS （Near Earth Objects--Dynamical Side） Team. Moreover, this paper used method of computing the orbit of Apophis taking into account star catalog debiasing and an error model with assumed astrometric errors RMS （root mean square）, deduced from the observational material of the given observatories. JPL＇s Sentry and NEODyS＇s CLOMMON2, two automatic monitoring systems routinely scanning for possible impacts in the next hundred years. Only for several dangerous asteroids presented results are computed with the non-gravitational parameters. This paper detected possible impacts of the asteroid （99942） Apophis only with the non-gravitational parameter, A2 〉 0. It was appeared that impacts in 2068, 2087, 2105 and in 2111 were possible only when Apophis rotated in prograde direction.

战后日本的阳明学研究史与荒木见悟的位置

本文首先将海外研究者视为主要读者,试着对战后日本以中国的"近世"(宋、元、明、清)时期为对象之哲学、思想史研究动向及其概况,特别聚焦于阳明学,予以俯瞰性介绍及概说。在此作业前提下,本文尝试回应学术史的要求,批判性地考察受时代限制而展开的前人之主要研究,其意义、地位、问题及界限等。此外,将概括性地介绍与考察荒木见悟的研究所具有的独特意义与性质。

The Double Ringel-Hall Algebras of Valued Quivers

This paper is devoted to the study of the structure of the double Ringel-Hall algebra D（A） for an infinite dimensional hereditary algebra A, which is given by a valued quiver F over a finite field, and also to the study of the relations of D（A）-modules with representations of valued quiver Г.

NOETHERIAN GT-REGULAR RINGS ARE REGULAR

It is proved that for a left Nootherian z-graded ring A, if every finitely generated gradedA-module has finite projective dimension (i.e., A is gr-regular) then every finitely generatedA-module has finite projective dimension (i.e., A is regular). Some applications of this resultto filtered rings and some classical cases are also given.

From ＂tianxia＂ （all under heaven） to ＂the world＂： changes in late Qing intellectuals＇ conceptions of human society

The concept of tianxia （all under heaven） had both a broad and a narrow meaning in traditional China, corresponding respectively to ＂the world＂ and ＂China.＂ It was generally believed that China＇s recent history saw a process in which tianxia contracted into a ＂state.＂ However, if we put the emphasis on what the Chinese literati had in mind, the process was more of a transformation from tianxia to ＂the world.＂ Kang Youwei creatively transformed Gongyang＇s idea of the ＂Three Worlds＂ from a diachronic to a synchronic concept, facilitating a smooth transformation from tianxia to ＂the world.＂ However, China was excluded fi-om the Western-dominated ＂world＂ system. The Chinese literati＇s yearning to become a part of＂the world,＂ and their endeavor to earn China a better position in the world, involved a hesitant process of exploration.

Neogene palynological assemblages in the west slope of Songliao Basin and their geological implications

Abundant palynological fossils are found from the drill core in the west slope of Songliao Basin, the first full coring borehole that drilled throughout the Neogene. Two Palynological assemblages are recognized according to their vertical distributions, i.e., the late early Miocene-middle Miocene assemblage from the Da＇an Formation named as Caryapollenites sim- plex-Momipites coryloides-Celtispollenites sp.-TsugaepoUenites igniculus, and the late Miocene-early Pliocene assemblage from the Taikang Formation named as Artemisiaepollenites minor-BetulaceoipoUenites sp.-Carpinipites sp.-Polypodiaceae- sporites sp. On the basis of the composition of each assemblage, we infer that the climate was warm-temperate to sub-tropic during the late early Miocene-middle Miocene and the vegetation was mainly deciduous broadleaved forest and subordinate coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest with few understory ferns, and probably some shallow fresh water wetlands. The climate then turned cooler and drier in the late Miocene-early Pliocene, represented by the development of xerophytic herbs and temperate plants, although the canopy of the forest remained relatively stable. The results significantly improve the under- standing of the Cenozoic palynostratigraphy in the Songliao Basin, and provide new data for both stratigraphical correlation and paleovegetational and paleoclimatical analysis in adjacent area.

Underestimated ^(14)C-based chronology of late Pleistocene high lake-level events over the Tibetan Plateau and adjacent areas: Evidence from the Qaidam Basin and Tengger Desert

The palaeolake evolution across the Tibetan Plateau and adjacent areas has been extensively studied, but the timing of late Pleistocene lake highstands remains controversial. Robust dating of lacustrine deposits is of importance in resolving this issue. This paper presents 14 C or optically stimulated luminescence(OSL) age estimates from two sets of late Quaternary lacustrine sequences in the Qaidam Basin and Tengger Desert(northeastern Tibetan Plateau). The updated dating results show:(1) the radiocarbon dating technique apparently underestimated the age of the strata of >30 ka BP in Qaidam Basin;(2) although OSL and 14 C dating agreed with each other for Holocene age samples in the Tengger Desert area, there was a significant offset in dating results of sediments older than ~30 ka BP, largely resulting from radiocarbon dating underestimation;(3) both cases imply that most of the published radiocarbon ages(e.g., older than ~30 ka BP) should be treated with caution and perhaps its geological implication should be revaluated; and(4) the high lake events on the Tibetan Plateau and adjacent areas, traditionally assigned to MIS 3a based on 14 C dating, are likely older than ~80 ka based on OSL chronology.

A potential stratotype for the regional lowermost stage of the continental Paleocene in China

Phanerozoic chronostratigraphic units can only be defined through their lower boundary stratotypes.The lowermost stage of the Paleocene of China,which mainly consists of terrestrial deposits,can only be defined through its lower boundary stratotype,i.e.the continental Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary stratotype.There is no section yet found which contains continuous terrestrial deposits and biostratigraphic records of the Cretaceous-Paleogene transition in Nanxiong,Guangdong and Jiayin,Heilongjiang,there is no evidence for establishing the continental stratotype of the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary in either area.Therefore,both the"Shanghuan stage"and"Furaoan stage"are not good candidates for the lowermost stage of the Paleocene of China.From the viewpoint of charophytes,the outcrop section of the Dangyang,Hubei Province(Central China)contains the most continuous,abundant and diverse terrestrial biostratigraphic records of the Cretaceous-Paleogene transition,in particular the early Paleocene,known so far in the world.The biostratigraphic records of ostracods in the transition are also continuous,rich,and diverse.The Dangyang outcrop section is the only section known so far in China that is a possible candidate for a continental stratotype of the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary in China and the section is the only potential section identified to date for establishing the regional lowermost stage of the Paleocene,Paleogene and Cenozoic in China or stratotype section for the stage.