21世纪中国电影中的中国形象

中国形象是指包含了中国的自然景观、地域风貌以及人文特色的综合国力的集合体,是中国国家软实力的重要组成部分。随着中国综合实力的提升,在国际上塑造中国形象得到了国家的重视,在电影领域也得到了越来越多的体现。本文将在概述21世纪以来中国电影对于中国形象展现的基础上,分"古代中国""近代中国""现代中国"三个方面,以近年来活跃在银幕之上的相关影片为例,对21世纪中国电影中的中国形象进行解读。

The extreme dry/wet events in northern China during recent 100 years

Using monthly precipitation and monthly mean temperature, a surface humid index was proposed. According to the index, the distributed characteristics of extreme dryness has been fully analyzed. The results indicated that there is an obvious increasing trend of extreme dryness in the central part of northern China and northeastern China in the last 10 years, which shows a high frequency period of extreme dryness; while a low frequency period in the regions during the last 100 years. Compared with variation trend of the temperature in these regions, the region of high frequent extreme dryness is consistent with the warming trend in the same region.

An epidemic of violence on medical personnel:are we prepared

The incidence of violence against doctors has been increasing, both in China and worldwide. Very often we hear doctors being molested, thrashed and abused by lay public for a trivial medical malpractice or even no fault of theirs. The once glittering halo of medical workers is being shredded thanks to the stressed health system and a lack of evaluation for risk of violence of the patients. Modem China sees a wide disparity between industry standards in rural and urban areas. People seeking health care service are often scared, can＇t get timely service and turn their anger towards those around them. To change a whole system in this giant nation is too hard a rock. Therefore, our focus is on the prompt awareness and preparation of a possible patient violence. The simplest approaches seem to be the most effective. Medical staffs should re-leam empathy on patients and be better trained on recognizing and reducing conflicts

The Construction of＂New Woman＂ in Chen Hengzhe＇s Autobiography

This essay examines the autobiography of Chen Hengzhe （1890-1976） （see Appendix）, a relatively less studied woman writer, historian, and critic in modem China. Through the study in four aspects, namely, the pursuit of modem education, simple appearance, great leaders, and the ambassadors of culture, the author＇s research indicates that Chen＇s construction of＂new woman＂ has been influenced by complex historical and cultural forces such as the Chinese traditional culture, Western culture, and the iconoclastic spirit of ＂the New Culture Movement＂. Meanwhile, Chen＇s gender consciousness is also an important element. Moreover, Chen＇s pioneering standing and her own experiences of studying abroad makes her take the lead in conceiving women＇s leadership and their roles in global culture communications. In the late Qing and the early Republic, traditional values and norms of womanhood were severely challenged. Chen＇s construction of＂new woman＂ is her conscious effort to define a new womanhood and is an integral part of the ongoing exploration of Chinese women for modem womanhood. Through the examination of Chen＇s ＂new woman＂, this paper seeks to enrich our understanding of the complexity of modem Chinese women＇s exploration of modem womanhood.

＂Jerusalem＂ of China： The Neoteric Christian Churches in Shaanxi before 1949

Christian buildings in Shaanxi already have more than 1,300 years development history since the first church was built in Chang＇an in 635 AD. The Rapid development of Christian buildings started from 1840 due to the entry of foreign missionaries. Various types of Christian buildings rose up in the province, were constructed by local builder, but designed and funded by foreign missionaries. In comparison to other Christian buildings, churches have unique historical value, cultural value and also special meaning in architecture art. However, their cultural heritage value has not yet been sufficiently considered. They are facing the prospect of being damaged and demolished, even in nowadays. It is incumbent that their architecture to be historically evaluated and that ways to be found to preserve them. In this paper, the author will focus on the neoteric Christian churches and illustrate the architecture by taking examples from the churches in Shaanxi, along with the intention to clarify the relationship between social background and the history of evolution of these churches. In addition, the authors have taken the chance to understand more comprehensively about the fascinating history of these Christian churches by way of field surveys and taping into archival documents.

The Origin of Chinese Modem Engineering Education： Fuzhou Shipping School＇s Engineering Education at Late Qing Dynasty

Engineering education is an important issue in engineering practice, and engineering practice and characteristics can be seen through examining the history of early Chinese engineering education. During the period ranging from the 1860s to the middle of the 1890s, the westernization group set up a series of modern industrial and mining enterprises for military and civil use, making the implementation of modern engineering education become possible and necessary. Thanks to their efforts, many schools and old-style private schools for teaching knowledge about western science and technology and training senior engineering managements and talents were gradually founded in China. These modern education organizations are the source and beginning of Chinese engineering education, which is also the origin of modernization of Chinese engineering education. This article takes Fuzhou Shipping School for case studies, using a cultural anthropology approach to examine the overall status, basic characteristics, and impact evaluation of engineering education during the Westernization Movement in China. It reiterates the idea of that ＂engineering education should be returned to engineering practice,＂ and tries to explain the framework of the development of engineering education in China. Through conducting research, we find that the development of engineering education in modem China generally has the basic resources for realization of internationalization through ＂westernization＂ and localization through traditional culture and education and the general characteristics of diversification of social influence. During the development process, it has accumulated valuable experience for timely reform and gradual improvement of modernization： attaching importance to culture and cultivating qualified technical personnel; strictly requiring and building high-level schools and specialties; learning the advanced knowledge and bravely utilizing foreign educational resources; setting pragmatic and highly pertinent disciplines and specialties. It also left the society with thought-provoking lessons, namely, the lagging industrial production and social instability made the development severely restricted and obstructed; the unreasonable development layout resulted in the intensified imbalanced development in different regions; the bureaucracy nature imposed serious impact on efficiency and effectiveness of education; the negligence of innovation made the great-leap-forward development failed, etc.

From ＂tianxia＂ （all under heaven） to ＂the world＂： changes in late Qing intellectuals＇ conceptions of human society

The concept of tianxia （all under heaven） had both a broad and a narrow meaning in traditional China, corresponding respectively to ＂the world＂ and ＂China.＂ It was generally believed that China＇s recent history saw a process in which tianxia contracted into a ＂state.＂ However, if we put the emphasis on what the Chinese literati had in mind, the process was more of a transformation from tianxia to ＂the world.＂ Kang Youwei creatively transformed Gongyang＇s idea of the ＂Three Worlds＂ from a diachronic to a synchronic concept, facilitating a smooth transformation from tianxia to ＂the world.＂ However, China was excluded fi-om the Western-dominated ＂world＂ system. The Chinese literati＇s yearning to become a part of＂the world,＂ and their endeavor to earn China a better position in the world, involved a hesitant process of exploration.

On the Fate of Traditional Culture in Modern China

Traditional Chinese culture covers a variety of ethical principles and behavioral norms that have arisen from thousands of years of Chinese social life to handle interpersonal relationships in an appropriate way. Such principles and norms are a typical expression of Chinese people＇s wisdom in the analysis of their surroundings. However, traditional Chinese culture also contains some poisonous thinking that has been carefully nurtured by feudal rulers to maintain their power. In the practice of the great social changes of pre-1949 China, after repeated experience, people gained a relatively clear and comprehensive understanding of traditional Chinese culture： it should neither be totally affirmed nor totally rejected. Rather, we should analyze it concretely, endeavoring to separate the dross from the essence. In late Qing and Republican China, traditional culture was continuously handed on and renewed, and this process will be carried on and on.

Chinese herbal dose in ancient and modern times:a comparative study

OBJECTIVE： Appropriate dose guarantees Chinese herb＇s safety and effectiveness. There are adult dose criteria for Chinese herbs in decoction in the Pharmacopoeia of the People＇s Republic of China （2010 Edition） at present. But Chinese herbs have been frequently used in much higher doses than the dose criteria. This study has been conducted to test the dependability of the dose criteria. METHODS： Twenty Chinese herbs were selected as representatives and their adult doses in decoction in Bei Ji Qian .lin Yao Fang, a famous ancient litera- ture, have been reviewed and compared with those in the Pharmacopoeia of the People＇s Republic of China （2010 Edition）. RESULTS： The adult dose criteria for all these 20 Chinese herbs in the Pharmacopoeia of the People＇s Republic of China （2010 Edition） haven＇t covered those in Bei Ji Qian .fin Yao Fang. Furthermore, maxi- mal adult doses in the dose criteria are much lower than those in Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang. CONCLUSION： The dose criteria in the Pharmaco- poeia of the People＇s Republic of China （2010 Edition） are not comprehensive enough. Studying ancient literatures is an effective method to gain preciousChinese herbs＇ dose data and helps for new dose criteria＇s establishment in the future.