Predicting GM(1,N) Model for the Coefficient of Variation of Hectometer Yarn's Weight

The Coefficient of Variation(CV)of hectometer yarn's weight is one of the guidelines to evaluate its intrinsic quality.In the spinning manufacturing,the control of cotton yarn's weight unevenness is accomplished mainly in terms of a spot-check on semi-product and a succedent adjust in process parameters during spinning based on technicians' experience.However,it is theoretically believed among manufacturers that with fixed technical levels and parameters in the spinning process,the quality parameters of assorted cotton have a certain influence on the CV.In order to find out a rule of the influence that assorted cotton has on the CV,a GM(1,N)model,correlated raw cotton's quality parameter with the CV,has firstly been developed according to the modeling theory of grey system,and then been applied in the designing step to predict the CV.It has been approved by practical modeling and validation that the model could fit preferably an accrual CV value,and provide a method of quantitative predicting analysis for textile manufacturers to design cotton yarn's quality.

Bacterial Colonization and Occurrence of Legionella in Cooling Towers of Southern General Company for Fertilizer Production in Basrah City

Sixty six water samples were collected from inlets, inside and outlets of cooling towers （22 samples each, once a week）. Samples were screened for bacterial colonization with special focus on Legionella. Percentage occurrence of predominant bacteria present in water samples collected from inlets included： Klebsiella （95.45%）, Enterobacter （90.9%）, Pseudomonas （86.36%）, Escherichia coli （81.81%）, and Legionella （72.72%）. While those predominant in water inside cooling towers were： Pseudomonas （100%）, Staphylococci （81.81%）, Legionella （81.81%） and Bacillus （72.72%）. Incidence of Legionella recovered from inside and outlets of cooling towers sites was similar. Four species of Legionella were identified in water samples collected from inlets, inside and outlets of cooling towers, in the following consecutive frequencies L. pneumophila （72.72%, 81.81% and 81.81%）, L. jordans （18.18%, 36.36% and 27.27%）, L. dumffii （9.09%, 22.72% and 22.72%） and L. oekidegenes （4.54%, 13.63% and 18.18%）. The increased percentage occurrence of Legionella in water collected from inlets and inside cooling towers, as well as those of Pseudomonas and Staphylococci suggest that Legionella is also a hardy organism, being potentially survive as free organism despite water disinfection.

Utilization of Chemically Activated Coconut Shells for Removal of Chromium （VI） from Aqueous Solution

The purpose of this study is to develop low cost adsorbing materials to remove the heavy metals from waste waters. The outer covering of coconut, coconut shell, is the most abundant in the countries of its plantation and enormous use. Utilization of agricultural waste （coconut shell） in the production of activated carbon potentially leads to produce a highly effective adsorbent generated from low cost raw materials that are available in huge quantity as renewable resources. At present coconut shell is not in use as valuable entity due to which disposal and ultimate environmental problems are faced. In this study coconut shells were impregnated with phosphoric acid and chemically activated at 450 C. The potential to remove chromium （VI） from aqueous solution by using activated coconut shells was investigated by batch experiment. The various sorption parameters i.e pH, sorbent dose, sorbate concentration, agitation time and agitation speed were optimized. The sorption of Cr （VI） onto activated carbon, developed from coconut shell, at pH 2 was achieved 81.25%. The best optimum conditions were obtained when 0.75 gm of sorbent was agitated at 150 rpm with 60 mg/L of sorbate for 40 min. Activated coconut shells has potential to be a good resource material for effective removal of chromium （VI） of low concentration from wastewater.

Multinational company performance management -- general motors, for example

The pattern of economic integration in the world today international political, economic, cultural and social environment. multinational company human resources management is facing a complex This paper use the research method of qualitative analysis, investigation method, and the multinational corporation management environment, the analysis of the factors influencing factors of performance management of multinational companies, general motors, for example, combined with the actual situation of performance management in a multinational company, is advantageous to the multinational companies to develop human resources, improve business performance.

Converged Communication Technology and Application in Intelligent Dual-Interactive Power System

Acknowledgments Thanks for assistance and support, which is provided by State Grid Corporation of China and State Grid Communication Information ＆ Telecommunication Company, for the project in the process of research and development. Fibrlink Communications Co., Ltd will keep exerting itself to innovating, which aims for making more contribution of the smart grid on energy reduction and environment protection.

Effects of Organic Amendments on Soil Physical Attributes and Aggregate-Associated Phosphorus Under Long-Term Rice-Wheat Cropping

The quantification of phosphorus(P) in bulk soil and P distribution in different size fractions of water-stable aggregates(WSAs)are important for assessing potential P loss through runoff. We evaluated available and total P distribution within WSAs of a sitty clay to clay soil in a long-term fertility experiment of a rice-wheat cropping system in India. Surface soil samples were collected from seven plots amended with NPK fertilizers in combination with or without organic amendments, farmyard manure(FYM), green manure(GM), and paddy straw(PS). The plot with no NPK fertilizers or organic amendments was set as a control. The soil samples were separated by wet sieving into four soil aggregate size fractions: large macroaggregates(> 2.0 mm), small macroaggregates(0.25–2.0 mm), fine microaggregates(0.05–0.25 mm), and a silt + clay-sized fraction(< 0.05 mm). Structural indices were higher in the soil receiving organic amendments than in the soil receiving inorganic fertilizer alone. Organically amended soil had a higher proportion of stable macroaggregates than the control and the soil receiving inorganic fertilizer alone, which were rich in microaggregates. Total and available P contents within WSAs were inversely related to the aggregate size, irrespective of treatment. The distribution of available and total P in the soil aggregate size fraction was as follows: silt + clay-size fraction > small macroaggregates > fine microaggregates> large macroaggregates. Within a size class, aggregate-associated available and total P contents in the organically amended soil were in the following order: FYM > PS ≥ GM. The available P content of the microaggregates(< 0.25 mm) was 8-to 10-times higher than that of the macroaggregates(> 0.25 mm), and the total P content of the microaggregates was 4-to 5-times higher than that of the macroaggregates. Cultivation without organic amendments resulted in more microaggregates that could be checked by the application of organic amendments such as FYM and GM, which increased the proportion of water-stable macroaggregates by consolidating microaggregates into macroaggregates.

Evaluation of Different Predictor Models for Detailed Soil Particle-Size Distribution

An accurate mathematical representation of soil particle-size distribution(PSD) is required to estimate soil hydraulic properties or to compare texture measurements using different classification systems. However, many databases do not contain full PSD data,but instead contain only the clay, silt, and sand mass fractions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the abilities of four PSD models(the Skaggs model, the Fooladmand model, the modified Gray model GM(1,1), and the Fredlund model) to predict detailed PSD using limited soil textural data and to determine the effects of soil texture on the performance of the individual PSD model.The mean absolute error(MAE) and root mean square error(RMSE) were used to measure the goodness-of-fit of the models, and the Akaike's information criterion(AIC) was used to compare the quality of model fits. The performance of all PSD models except the GM(1,1) improved with increasing clay content in soils. This result showed that the GM(1,1) was less dependent on soil texture.The Fredlund model was the best for describing the PSDs of all soil textures except in the sand textural class. However, the GM(1,1) showed better performance as the sand content increased. These results indicated that the Fredlund model showed the best performance and the least values of all evaluation criteria, and can be used using limited soil textural data for detailed PSD.