基于认知语言学的英语“主语+逻辑谓语”结构分析

"逻辑主谓结构"是以语法性主谓结构为典型范畴的非典型成员。本文以英语大句中"独立结构"和图片说明"主语+逻辑谓语"小句结构为例,分析了英语"逻辑主谓结构"的形态特征和认知基础。该类结构内部为逻辑主谓关系,体现了话语的经济性原则,但其实际运用受到易解性因素限制。"逻辑主谓结构"在一定程度上反映了人对客观世界总的认知图式和认知能力的发展。

金岳霖认识论与现代西方认识论之关系

金岳霖先生的认识论与现代西方认识论有着深刻的内在渊源;与现代西方认识论一样,金先生认为,既成的"各种自然科学知识"是认识论研究的根本出发点,认识论的本质是哲学怀疑论,认识论关注的是知识结果的"逻辑结构"或知识的"理";金先生的认识论立场在可知论和怀疑论之间摇摆。

Logical-Structure Modeling for Conceptual Design

Based on the definition of a logic structure feature to relate logically functional requirements to geometric representation independent upon detailed geometric representation, this paper presents an idea of logical structure modeling for computer aided conceptual design and makes attempt to establish a representation formalism of logic structure modeling. The definition and representation of logical structure feature are given and an assembly module definition for supporting top down conceptual design is also proposed. The proposed scheme contributes to several aspects of conceptual design research, especially to provide elementarily a formal methodology for computer aided conceptual design system development and operation.

复句特征与复句标准的确立

清楚复句特征是确定复句标准的前提。我们从复句标准的来源说起,探讨复句特征和复句标准的确立问题。认为典型复句具备两个特征:(1)小句之间的关系是分句与分句的关系,而非句子与句子的关系;(2)分句之间的关系是逻辑语义关系,而非结构关系。它们之间错综复杂的关系导致了典型复句和非典型复句的产生,复句标准确立时既要考虑典型复句,也要考虑非典型复句。

LOGIC STRUCTURE OF PROGRAMMABLE INSTRUCTIONS FOR JAVA PROCESSORS

There are varieties of embedded systems in the world. It is a big challenge to optimize the instruction sets of System on Chips (SoCs) according to different systems' working environments. The idea of programmable instruction set is an effective method to gain embedded system's re-configurability. This letter presents a logic module for Java processor to be capable of using programmable instruction set. Cost (area, power, and timing) of the module is trivial. Such module is also reusable for other embedded system solutions besides Java systems.

A virtual lock-in amplifier,spectrum analyzer,impedance meter and semiconductor analyzer implemented on an SR7265 hardware target

Lock-in amplifiers are used to detect and measure very small alternating current(AC)signals down to the range of nVs.Accurate measurements can be made even when the small signals are buried by noise thousands of times larger.With the digital signal processing(DSP)technology involved in modern instrumentation,a lock-in amplifier is more versatile in sensing and recovering small signals.Combining the virtual instrumentation technology,we reorganize the functional blocks of a programmable lock-in amplifier and build it as a virtual spectrum analyzer,virtual impedance meter,virtual network analyzer,virtual semiconductor parameter analyzer,signal generator,etc.A 4 layer model is used to implement these virtual instruments.The same virtual instrument can also be implemented on a general purpose FPGA developing board.

Formalization of P Systems by Maude

Rewriting logic is a unified model of concurrency, which provides a formal commo n framework of well-known models of concurrent systems. A new formal method of t he specification and execution of P systems using rewriting logic was proposed. The powerful tool Ma ude 2.0 is used to implement this specification. In order to present the general ideas in a concr ete case study, a simple and classical example from the literature is adopted to present how to formally spe cify and execute a P system.

New autocorrelation topological indexes and their application in QSAR study

Considering the problems of classical structure parameters that existed in the study of quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR). Two new groups of autocorrelation topological indexes V(t), E(t), (P(t)) and A(t), B(t), C(t), D(t) were developed on the basis of molecular topology and autocorrelation function in mathematics. The first group were obtained from Van der Waals volume, electronegativity and topological vertex degree;and the second group were obtained from the different combination of topological vertex degree.Corresponding softwares of ATIJP and ATITP have been developed for calculating these two new groups of indexes. Better results have been obtained from the application of these indexes in QSAR study.

An Integrated and Layered Architecture for Location-Aware Computing

This paper gives an overall introduction to the basic concept of LAC(location-aware computing) and its development status, puts forward an integrated location-aware computing architecture which is useful for designing the reasonable logical model of LBS(location-based service). Finally, a brief introduction is conducted on a LAC experimental prototype, which acts as a mobile urban tourism assistant.

Virtual reconfigurable architecture for evolving combinational logic circuits

A virtual reconfigurable architecture(VRA)-based evolvable hardware is proposed for automatic synthesis of combinational logic circuits at gate-level.The proposed VRA is implemented by a Celoxica RC1000 peripheral component interconnect(PCI)board with an Xilinx Virtex xcv2000E field programmable gate array(FPGA).To improve the quality of the evolved circuits,the VRA works through a two-stage evolution: finding a functional circuit and minimizing the number of logic gates used in a feasible circuit.To optimize the algorithm performance in the two-stage evolutionary process and set free the user from the time-consuming process of mutation parameter tuning,a self-adaptive mutation rate control(SAMRC)scheme is introduced.In the evolutionary process,the mutation rate control parameters are encoded as additional genes in the chromosome and also undergo evolutionary operations.The efficiency of the proposed methodology is tested with the evolutions of a 4-bit even parity function,a 2-bit multiplier,and a 3-bit multiplier.The obtained results demonstrate that our scheme improves the evolutionary design of combinational logic circuits in terms of quality of the evolved circuit as well as the computational effort,when compared to the existing evolvable hardware approaches.

A new phenomenon of quantum-dot cellular automata

If an external point charge and the movable charges of an isolated quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) cell have the same polarity, the point charge greatly affects the polarization (P) of the cell only when it is in a narrow band with periodically changing width. The center of the band is on a radius R circle. The ratio of R to the electric charge (q) is a constant determined by the parameters of the cell. A QCA cell can be used as charge detector based on the above phenomenon.

A Hierarchy of Compatibility and Comeasurability Levels in Quantum Logics with Unique Conditional Probabilities

In the quantum mechanical Hilbert space formalism, the probabilistic interpretation is a later ad-hoc add-on, more or less enforced by the experimental evidence, but not motivated by the mathematical model itself. A model involving a clear probabilistic interpretation from the very beginning is provided by the quantum logics with unique conditional probabilities. It includes the projection lattices in von Neumann algebras and here probability conditionalization becomes identical with the state transition of the Lueders-von Neumann measurement process. This motivates the definition of a hierarchy of five compatibility and comeasurability levels in the abstract setting of the quantum logics with unique conditional probabilities. Their meanings are： the absence of quantum interference or influence, the existence of a joint distribution, simultaneous measurability, and the independence of the final state after two successive measurements from the sequential order of these two measurements. A further level means that two elements of the quantum logic （events） belong to the same Boolean subalgebra. In the general case, the five compatibility and comeasurability levels appear to differ, but they all coincide in the common Hilbert space formalism of quantum mechanics, in von Neumann algebras, and in some other cases.

MEXIR： An Implementation of High Performance and High Precision on XML Retrieval

Traditional information retrieval systems respond to user queries with ranked lists of relevant documents. Since, XML （Extensible Markup Language） documents separate content and structure; XML-IR （information retrieval） systems are able to retrieve only the relevant portions of documents. Therefore, users who utilize an XML-IR system could potentially receive highly relevant and precise material. We have developed the XML information retrieval system by using MySQL and Sphinx, which we call MEXIR. In our system, XML documents are stored into one table that has fixed relational schema. The schema is independent of the logical structure of XML documents. Each node in XML documents is represented by labels that express the positions in XML tree, namely ADXPI scheme. Our system has performance experiments on INEX collections and shown an average up to four seconds better than GPX. In addition, it has been reduced the size of the data down by 82.29 % compare to GPX system.

Petro Logical Chemical Investigations for Characterization of Marble Stones Discovered Konar-Sandal （Jiroft-lran）

Jiroft region is one of the most historical cities, placed in the southeastern of Iranian plateau. Its history dates back to the second millennium B.C. The ancient history of Jiroft and its proximity to the River ofHalil Roud have attracted archeologists during the recent decades. So far various historical works have been unearthed from the region of which marble ones are especially noteworthy. Basically, marble works were used more commonly in central plateau of Iran than other ones. The marble works discovered in Jirofl region are only comparable with those from the recently excavation at Shahr-I Sokhta in Zabol. The scientific examination of such works may pave way to identify their internal structures and to compare them in terms of their provenance. The present study will focus on the characterization of marbles discovered in Konar Sandal, Jiroft. In addition to petro graphical studies, XRD and XRF investigations were used to identify the crystalline structures as well as balk chemical composition of the discovered marbles. The obtained results revealed that the major constituents of the discovered marbles in Jiroft were Ca and CaO. The structure of discovered marbles had orderly compact patterns resulted mainly from metamorphism conditions. This structure is actually Unsimilar to those from Shahr-I Sokhta.

Poly-contextural Logic： New Resource for Transdisciplinary Research in Sociology

A couple of decades ago natural phenomena began to be approached from a comprehensive and transdisciplinary point of view, as it was understood that living beings and their environments are not linear but complex. There is no doubt that this perspective of visualizing complexity and working inter- and trans-disciplinarily has to be applied. The reflection on the theoretical observation （i.e., meta-observation） involved in the concept of poly-contexturality is the framework in which a theory of complex systems is possible, which in turn enables an observation that oscillates （a concept of chaos theory） between models structured in a hierarchical order （normally linked to a logical-deductive formalization） and models structured in hetero-hierarchy. And this would allow this reflection to be done in a formalized language that does not follow either the principles of the Aristotelian logic or the postulates of the Kantian transcendental reflection. It is precisely this liberation from the dictates of mono-contextural logic what paves the way to an observation of complexity, in which one or the other language is used to model the states of things, such as the epistemological problems of molecular biology or the social systems. And-what is gaining relevance-it also paves the way to a true transdisciplinary meta-observation, since each discipline chooses its own contexture and only the use of poly-contexturality makes it possible to formulate transdisciplinary relationships within the framework of such meta-logic.

Study on the forecasting and maintenance system of special railway subsidence in mine area

The fully mechanized caving coal mining under the railway in mine area will result in difficulty maintenance of railway because of great distortion and subsidence speed of terrene and railway. If the subsidence forecasting is incorrect and maintenance measure is not suitable in the preceding and the process of mining, the normal operation of the railway in mine area will not be ensured and perhaps the safety accident will be resulted. The railway subsidence forecasting and maintenance system for fully mechanized caving coal face are studied and developed in this connection. Based on the accurate subsidence forecasting of the terrene and railway, the maintenance measure for track and switch turnout in railway is put forward in this system.

The Inherent Logic and Developmental Tendency of the Practice of Building Socialism with Chinese Characteristics:A Structural Analytical Framework for the Questions of “Where Did China Come From?” and “Where Should China Go?”

The practice of more than 30 years of building socialism with Chinese characteristics contains within it a five-step evolution： ＂functional thinking → government leadership theoretical guidance → hybrid structure → the people in the principal position＂; in the course of the further development of the practice of building socialism with Chinese characteristics, the important responsibility and mission of Chinese Communists （exercising governance for the people） and the new expectations of the people （innovative practice） determine that its basic tendency should be to carry out reform and breakthroughs at three levels： ＂deep structures → core institutions → operational means,＂ embodied in ＂structural adjustment → restructuring → change of methods →construction of order.＂

Continuous subcellular resolution three-dimensional imaging on intact macaque brain

To decipher the organizational logic of complex brain circuits,it is important to chart long-distance pathways while preserving micron-level accuracy of local network.However,mapping the neuronal projections with individual-axon resolution in the large and complex primate brain is still challenging.Herein,we describe a highly efficient pipeline for three-dimensional mapping of the entire macaque brain with subcellular resolution.The pipeline includes a novel poly-N-acryloyl glycinamide(PNAGA)-based embedding method for long-term structure and fluorescence preservation,high-resolution and rapid whole-brain optical imaging,and image post-processing.The cytoarchitectonic information of the entire macaque brain was acquired with a voxel size of 0.32μm×0.32μm×10μm,showing its anatomical structure with cell distribution,density,and shape.Furthermore,thanks to viral labeling,individual long-distance projection axons from the frontal cortex were for the first time reconstructed across the entire brain hemisphere with a voxel size of 0.65μm×0.65μm×3μm.Our results show that individual cortical axons originating from the prefrontal cortex simultaneously target multiple brain regions,including the visual cortex,striatum,thalamus,and midbrain.This pipeline provides an efficient method for cellular and circuitry investigation of the whole macaque brain with individual-axon resolution,and can shed light on brain function and disorders.

Design of multiplex logic gates:combining regulation of DNA structure with logical calculation

In this paper,we proposed a facile and accurate way for controlling multiplex fluorescent logic gates through changing the exciting and the observing wavelengths.As proof-of-principle,a Pb2+-specific DNAzyme probe and a thymine(T)-rich DNA probe were introduced to a double-stranded(ds-)DNA.The addition style of the two ions served as the four inputs by changing the distance of the three fluorophores,6-carboxyfluorescein(FAM),ALEXA 532(ALEXA)and carboxytetramethylrhodamine(TAMRA),all of which were modified on the dsDNA probe.Compared with the previous methods,the present approach needed neither different inputs nor the change of sequence of the probe to achieve multiplex logic gates.Furthermore,the modularity of the strategy may allow it to be extended to other types of logic gates.

Molecular cocrystal odyssey to unconventional electronics and photonics

Cocrystal has been discovered and studied for more than 170 years since 1844, while the applications to optoelectronics only begin in the last decade. Several general questions that chemists and materials scientists currently seek to answer are: can we design and control the molecular self-assembly and cocrystal growth, what’s the packing-property correlations, as well as how can we improve device parameters for real applications in industry. In this contribution, we review our and other groups’ recent advances in the cocrystal research field sequentially including:(1) nucleation and growth mechanisms for selective preparation of cocrystals with different donor/acceptor ratio and morphology;(2) charge transport and electronic devices, particularly field-effect transistor(FET) and photo-response device. We discuss the in-situ single crystal device fabrication method, ambipolar charge transport, and molecular packingcharge separation correlation;(3) photonic and optical property, focusing on optical waveguide, photonic logic computation, and nonlinear optics(NLO). We present unusual optical properties revealed by advanced instruments and general structure-function relations for future study. Importantly, the extensive investigations described herein yield in-depth and detailed understandings of molecular cocrystals,and show that such bi-component material systems together with the developed instrument measurement methodologies have the potential to initiate unconventional electronic and photonic science and technology.