Statistical Monitoring of Chemical Processes Based on Sensitive Kernel Principal Components

The kernel principal component analysis （KPCA） method employs the first several kernel principal components （KPCs）, which indicate the most variance information of normal observations for process monitoring, but may not reflect the fault information. In this study, sensitive kernel principal component analysis （SKPCA） is proposed to improve process monitoring performance, i.e., to deal with the discordance of T2 statistic and squared prediction error SVE statistic and reduce missed detection rates. T2 statistic can be used to measure the variation di rectly along each KPC and analyze the detection performance as well as capture the most useful information in a process. With the calculation of the change rate of T2 statistic along each KPC, SKPCA selects the sensitive kernel principal components for process monitoring. A simulated simple system and Tennessee Eastman process are employed to demonstrate the efficiency of SKPCA on online monitoring. The results indicate that the monitoring performance is improved significantly.

SELF-DEPENDENT LOCALITY PRESERVING PROJECTION WITH TRANSFORMED SPACE-ORIENTED NEIGHBORHOOD GRAPH

Locality preserving projection （LPP） is a typical and popular dimensionality reduction （DR） method,and it can potentially find discriminative projection directions by preserving the local geometric structure in data. However,LPP is based on the neighborhood graph artificially constructed from the original data,and the performance of LPP relies on how well the nearest neighbor criterion work in the original space. To address this issue,a novel DR algorithm,called the self-dependent LPP （sdLPP） is proposed. And it is based on the fact that the nearest neighbor criterion usually achieves better performance in LPP transformed space than that in the original space. Firstly,LPP is performed based on the typical neighborhood graph; then,a new neighborhood graph is constructed in LPP transformed space and repeats LPP. Furthermore,a new criterion,called the improved Laplacian score,is developed as an empirical reference for the discriminative power and the iterative termination. Finally,the feasibility and the effectiveness of the method are verified by several publicly available UCI and face data sets with promising results.

Analysis of microseismic activity in rock mass controlled by fault in deep metal mine

Aiming at evaluating the stability of a rock mass near a fault,a microseismic(MS) monitoring system was established in Hongtoushan copper mine.The distribution of displacement and log(/),the relationship between MS activity and the exploitation process,and the stability of the rock mass controlled by a fault were studied.The results obtained from microseismic data showed that MS events were mainly concentrated al the footwall of the fault.When the distance to the fault exceeded 20 m,the rock mass reached a relatively stable state.MS activity is closely related to the mining process.Under the strong disturbance from blasting,the initiation and propagation of cracks is much faster.MS activity belongs in the category of aftershocks after large scale excavation.The displacement and log(C/) obtained from MS events can reflect the difference in physical and mechanical behavior of different areas within the rock mass,which is useful in judging the integrity and degradation of the rock mass.

Mining subsidence monitoring using the method of combining InSAR and GPS technology

Attempted to conduct a dynamic monitoring research on coal mining subsidence in western mining areas by using the method of combining D-InSAR and GPS technology. The observation points were installed on the main section and the three-dimensional coordinates of the points were measured by using the method of dynamic differential GPS. Meanwhile, the radar images of this subsidence area were processed by using the method of interferometry with daris software, and the interferogram of the subsidence area was obtained. Through this study, the GPS monitoring data and the InSAR deformation data were integrated and the dynamic subsidence contours of the experimental area were obtained. GPS/InSAR fusion technology provides a new technological means for large-scale dynamic monitoring of coal mining subsidence in western mountainous mining areas and shows good application prospects in coal mining subsidence monitoring and disaster warning.

Esophageal malignancy:A growing concern

Esophageal cancer is mainly found in Asia and east Africa and is one of the deadliest cancers in the world.However,it has not garnered much attention in the Western world due to its low incidence rate.An increasing amount of data indicate that esophageal cancer,particularly esophageal adenocarcinoma,has been rising by 6-fold annually and is now becoming the fastest growing cancer in the United States.This rise has been associated with the increase of the obese population,as abdominal fat puts extra pressure on the stomach and causes gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD).Long standing GERD can induce esophagitis and metaplasia and,ultimately,leads to adenocarcinoma.Acid suppression has been the main strategy to treat GERD;however,it has not been proven to control esophageal malignancy effectively.In fact,its side effects have triggered multiple warnings from regulatory agencies.The high mortality and fast growth of esophageal cancer demand more vigorous efforts to look into its deeper mechanisms and come up with better therapeutic options.

Effects of white noise on procedural pain-related cortical response and pain score in neonates:A randomized controlled trial

Objectives To evaluate the effects of white noise on pain-related cortical response,pain score,and behavioral and physiological parameters in neonates with procedural pain.Methods A double-blind,randomized controlled trial was conducted.Sixty-six neonates from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in a university-affiliated general hospital were randomly assigned to listen to white noise at 50 dB(experimental group)or 0 dB(control group)2 min before radial artery blood sampling and continued until 5 min after needle withdrawal.Pain-related cortical response was measured by regional cerebral oxygen saturation(rScO_(2))monitored with near-infrared spectroscopy,and facial expressions and physiological parameters were recorded by two video cameras.Two assessors scored the Premature Infant Pain Profile-Revised(PIPP-R)independently when viewing the videos.Primary outcomes were pain score and rScO_(2)during arterial puncture and 5 min after needle withdrawal.Secondary outcomes were pulse oximetric oxygen saturation(SpO_(2))and heart rate(HR)during arterial puncture,and duration of painful expressions.The study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(ChiCTR2200055571).Results Sixty neonates(experimental group,n=29;control group,n=31)were included in the final analysis.The maximum PIPP-R score in the experimental and control groups was 12.00(9.50,13.00),12.50(10.50,13.75),respectively(median difference−0.5,95%CI−2.0 to 0.5),and minimum rScO_(2)was(61.22±3.07)%,(61.32±2.79)%,respectively(mean difference−0.325,95%CI−1.382 to 0.732),without significant differences.During arterial puncture,the mean rScO_(2),HR,and SpO_(2)did not differ between groups.After needle withdrawal,the trends for rScO_(2),PIPP-R score,and facial expression returning to baseline were different between the two groups without statistical significance.Conclusion The white noise intervention did not show beneficial effects on pain-related cortical response as well as pain score,behavioral and physiological parameters in neonates with procedural pain.

A Moving Human Tracking Approach Based on Semantic Interaction

In order to deal with partical occlusion, a semantic interaction based moving human tracking approach is put forward. Firstly human is modeled as moving blobs which are described as blob descriptions. Then moving blobs are updated and verified by projecting these descriptions. The approach exploits improved fast gauss transform and chooses source and target samples to reduce compute cost. Multi-moving human can be tracked simply and part occlusion can be done well.

Effectiveness of impedance monitoring during radiofrequency ablation for predicting popping

AIM： To retrospectively evaluate the effectiveness of impedance monitoring for predicting popping during radiofrequency ablation （RFA） using internally cooled electrodes. METHODS： We reviewed 140 patients （94 males, 46 females; age range 73.0 ＋ 11.1 year） who underwent RFA between February 2006 and November 2008 with a modified protocol using a limited power delivery rather than a conventional one to avoid popping. All the patients provided their written informed consent, and the study was approved by the institutional review board. Intraprocedural impedances were measured for the study subjects, and the tumors were classified into three types according to the characteristics of their impedance curves： increasing, flat, or decreasing. The tumors were further sorted into seven subtypes （A-G） depending on the curvature of the impedance curve＇ s increase or decrease. Relative popping rates were determined for the three types and seven subtypes. A chi-square test was performed to estimate statistical significance.RESULTS： A total of 148 nodules treated by RFA were analyzed. The study samples included 132 nodules of hepatocellular carcinoma, 14 nodules of metastatic liver cancer, and two nodules of intrahepatic cholangio- carcinoma. The numbers of nodules with each imped- ance curve type were as follows： 37 increasing-type nodules, 43 fiat-type nodules, and 68 decreasing-type nodules. Popping occurrence rates were 24.3%, 46.5% and 64.7%, respectively. Flat-type nodules exhibited a significantly higher rate of popping compared to increasing-type nodules （P = 0.039）. Decreasing-type nodules exhibited a significantly higher rate of popping compared to increasing-type nodules （P 〈 0.0001）. No- tably, nodules that showed a sharp decrease in imped- ance in the latter ablation period （subtype E） exhibited a significantly higher rate of popping compared to other subtypes. CONCLUSION： Intraprocedural impedance monitoring can be a useful tool to predict the occurrence of pop- ping during liver tumor RFA performed with internally cooled electrodes.

Monitoring of reclamation-induced ground subsidence in Macao (China) using PSInSAR technique

The long-term reclamation-induced ground subsidence in Macao, a coastal city of southern China was investigated. Persistent scatterer interferometry (PSI) technique was applied to retrieve the deformation rate in Macao during the period from April 2003 to August 2010 with a total of 41 scenes of descending ASAR data sets. The PSI-retrieved results show a relatively stable pattern in Macao Peninsula, Taipa Island and Coloane Island, with an average subsidence velocity of -3 mm/a. In contrast, relatively large subsidence rates are highlighted in Cotai area, a new reclamation land in 1990s, in which an average subsidence velocity is about -10 mm/a. A consistent relationship between the PSI results and the leveling measurements indicate that this PSI technique is an effective tool to monitor the reclamation-induced ground subsidence with a high accuracy and adequate spatial details. Accordingly, the valuable ground subsidence results generated by PSI can be used not only for early detection and remedial activities of potential settlement of building, but also for helping the local government to formulate regional sustainable development planning and decision-making in disaster prevention and mitigation.

诗国:王莽庸部、曹部探源

史料显示 ,新莽“置州牧、部监二十五人” ,同时又有西部监、北部监、东部监及庸部牧、曹部监等。对这些牧、监的性质和相互关系 ,以往的解释存在着混乱错讹。庸部、曹部等应为公之封国 ,取义于《诗经·国风》 ,属“诗国十五”。王莽始建国四年设东南西北中五部监 ,各监 2 5郡 ;同时还另有 1 6个公国 ,即“诗国十五”加定安公国 ,它们半数置牧而半数立监 ,与州牧同级 ;天凤元年每五郡置一监 ,共 2 5郡监 ;地皇二年 ,又为九州及十六公国设置了牧贰、监副。

Method to deploy wireless relays in industrial wireless monitoring

In light of demands for wireless monitoring and the characteristics of wireless channel,a complete deployment method containing channel survey,path loss estimation,and gradient grade of wireless relay nodes is proposed.It can be proved by experiments that under the premise of meeting the requirements of real-time and redundant-topology,the total number of relay nodes could be minimized by using the proposed method.

Game for Information Disclosure and the Auditing Institution

This paper takes Principal-agent Theory as the basic analysis flame to analyze the modern corporate principal and agent in a state of the two sides in asymmetric information on the basis of self-interest maximization, and the game strategy which revolves the information disclosure and hideaway to launch, and therefore can get the game way which causes the auditing institution. The equilibrium in game of the information disclosure causes the auditing institution, the expense and cost which the audit profession consumes is the company governs reduces the information not asymmetrical diligently center essential agency costs.

Tendency of Energy Supervision Reform

This paper expounds on the tendency of energy supervision reform with consideration to the general background of energy reform. It proposes the following aspects. First, the focus of energy supervision should shift to in-process and post supervision after cancellation or decentralization of energy project approval, Hence, the supervision over construction and completion acceptance is reinforced. Second, with the progression of marketoriented reforms in tire electricity and petroleum sectors, relevant energy authorities should strengthen supervision on key aspects in the electricity and petroleum sectors, particularly by way of specific supervision and problem supervision, in order to keep tire market fair, open and transparent. Third, innovative supervision modes should be adopted to improve supervision performance, so as to realize effective supervision amt finally achieve standardized and normalized energy supervision. These proposals rtTresent both the challenges and tasks that the supervision authorities face but also highlight important chances to realize the energy supervision revolution. Energy enterprises should continuously update thenzselves on the reforms and actions of energy supervision in order to meet the compliance requirements of construction and operation.

Supervised local and non-local structure preserving projections with application to just-in-time learning for adaptive soft sensor

In soft sensor field, just-in-time learning(JITL) is an effective approach to model nonlinear and time varying processes. However, most similarity criterions in JITL are computed in the input space only while ignoring important output information, which may lead to inaccurate construction of relevant sample set. To solve this problem, we propose a novel supervised feature extraction method suitable for the regression problem called supervised local and non-local structure preserving projections(SLNSPP), in which both input and output information can be easily and effectively incorporated through a newly defined similarity index. The SLNSPP can not only retain the virtue of locality preserving projections but also prevent faraway points from nearing after projection,which endues SLNSPP with powerful discriminating ability. Such two good properties of SLNSPP are desirable for JITL as they are expected to enhance the accuracy of similar sample selection. Consequently, we present a SLNSPP-JITL framework for developing adaptive soft sensor, including a sparse learning strategy to limit the scale and update the frequency of database. Finally, two case studies are conducted with benchmark datasets to evaluate the performance of the proposed schemes. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of LNSPP and SLNSPP.

Self-surveillance in French Colonial West Africa： French Intelligence Services and the Hamallist Information Network （1910-1943）

In this article, with the use of the Agency mode, I try to shed light on the resilient capacity of African societies to the foreign inroad in the 20th century. In 1910-1940, the success of Hamallist Information Networks to beat the French imperial machinery in the Nioro of the Sahara located in the French Sudan （known as Mali nowadays）, leads to reconsidering the power relationship organizing the authority and the challenge to establish the authority relation during colonial period. That calls into question the idea of a sole and unique domination by French imperialism during colonization and at the same time, it indicates that indigenous people were very active in the historical processes, which determined their existence.

Private Sector Ombudsman and Strengthening Consumers＇ Access to Justice： The Experience From Yogyakarta

After the monetary and political crisis of 1997 and 1998, Indonesia has been viewed by some observers as having entered into a transitional phase from authoritarian rule by a strong state toward a new democratic system of government in which civil societies will play a more prominent role. Democratization process is also accompanied by the rise of a strong civil society, which would together result in more efficient and transparent governments at local levels. This article aims to show the dynamic of democratization process in Indonesia, in which civil societies such as business actors, NGOs （non-government organizations）, journalists, scientists, business associations, consumer organizations, etc., play a more apparent role. Focused on the establishment of Private Sector Ombudsman （Lembaga Ombudsman Swasta--LOS） and also its role and responsibility, the author examines how LOS has become an alternative option for consumers to strengthen access to justice. In the last three years, LOS has succeeded in handling more than 200 cases and some of them have been the hottest issues. On the one hand, the emergence of LOS shows that civil society in Yogyakarta has played a significant role in implementing business ethics and good governance principles, and on the other hand, LOS has been proven to be the answer for consumers＇ needs in which consumers＇ complaints settled quickly, informal, and free of charge.

Remote sensing classification of western Sierra Leone using landsat TM and ETM+

The study examines the changes of land cover/use resources for the period under investigation.An unsupervised vegetation classification is being performed that provides five distinctive classes and thus assesses these changes in five broad land cover classes-high/moist forests,forest regrowth,mixed savanna,bare land/ grass and water.The remote sensing images used in this work are both images of TM and ETM+in different time periods(1986 to 2001)to determine land cover/use changes.A fairly accuracy report is recorded after performing the unsupervised classification,which shows vegetation has been depleted for over the years.Changes created are mostly human and to a lesser extent environment.Human activities are mainly encroachment thus altering the landscape through activities such as population growth,agriculture,settlements,etc.and environment due to some perceive climatic changes.This vegetation classification highlights the importance to acquire and publish information about the country's partial vegetation cover and vegetation change including vegetation maps and other basic vegetation influencing factors,leading to an understanding of its evolution for a period.

Aerosol absorption optical depth of fine-mode mineral dust in eastern China

The fine-mode aerosol absorption optical depth（AAOD）retrieved from the Aerosol Robotic Network（AERONET）has been used in previous studies to calculate the radiative forcing of black carbon（BC）aerosol,assuming that the absorption by fine-mode aerosols（diameter ≤ 1 μm）is primarily from BC while the absorption by larger particles（diameter 1 μm）is principally from dust.In the present study,the Community Earth System Model was used to simulate and quantify the contribution of fine-mode dust to fine-mode AAOD in eastern China（29–41°N,104–122°E）—an area where concentrations of BC are high.The simulated fine-mode dust concentrations were constrained by observations from nine sites belonging to the Chinese Meteorological Administration Atmosphere Watch Network.Averaged over eastern China,the simulated annual mean fine-mode dust AAOD was 3.6 × 10-3,with the maximum AAOD in spring and the minimum value in winter.The contribution of fine-mode dust to the total fine-mode AAOD（sum of fine-mode dust,BC,and organic carbon）in winter,spring,summer,and autumn was 3.4%,25.2%,12.5%,and 14.9%,respectively,with an annual mean value of 15.1%.The results indicate the importance of removing fine dust AAOD when the AERONET fine-mode AAOD is used for calculating the radiative forcing of BC in eastern China.

Use of FBG Sensors for SHM in Aerospace Structures

This paper details some significant findings on the use of the fiber Bragg grating （FBG） sensors for structural health monitoring （SHM） in aerospace fiber reinforced polymer （FRP） structures. A diminutive sensor provides a capability of imbedding inside FRP structures to monitor vital locations of damage. Some practical problems associated with the implementation of FBG based SHM systems in the aerospace FRP structures such as the difficulty of embedding FBG sensors during the manufacturing process and interrelation of distortion to FBG spectra due to internal damage, and other independent effects will be thoroughly studied. An innovative method to interpret FBG signals for identifying damage inside the structures will also be discussed.

Are flight paths of nocturnal songbird migrants influenced by local coastlines at a peninsula？

By recording nocturnally migrating passerines with tracking radar we have investigated how coastlines affect the migrants＇ flight paths. Birds could use coastlines as an orientation aid or as a reference cue to compensate for wind drift while mi- grating. However, on the small scale of Falsterbo Peninsula in southern Sweden, we found very little effect of coastlines on migrants flight paths, irrespective of altitude. We tracked 2 930 migrants in three autumn and two spring seasons, at altitudes from 60 up to 3 000 meters. We compared tracks of migrants flying in three different areas, which correspond to the three main coastlines, and can demonstrate that the orientation of the tracks did not differ in a way consistent with the coastlines between the areas in autumn, and showed only a slight effect in spring. This is in accordance with earlier infrared device monitoring in Falsterbo, but contrary to earlier visual observations. It supports the view of nocturnally migrating passerines as mainly broad-front migrants. Even though the coastlines on the scale of the peninsula affected the flight paths very little, it is possible that the coastline has an effect on a larger regional scale, by migrants avoiding long sea crossings and thereby being funneled towards the peninsula, but this remains to be investigated [Current Zoology 60 （5）： 660-669, 2014].