讲究“针对性”和“目的性”

要使学习教育活动收到好的效果，方法的选择是非常重要的。我认为要注意把握好以下两点：

Chromosomal localization of 5S rDNA in Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis):a chromosome-specific marker for chromosome identification

Chinese shrimp （Fenneropenaeus chinensis） is an economically important aquaculture species in China. However, cytogenetic and genomic data is limited in the organism partly because the chromosomes are difficult to isolate and analyze. In this study, fluorescence in-situ hybridization （FISH） was used to identify the chromosomes of F. chinensis. The 5S ribosomal RNA gene （rDNA） of F. chinensis was isolated, cloned and then used as a hybridization probe. The results show that the 5S rDNA was located on one pair of homologous chromosomes in F chinensis. In addition, triploid shrimp were used to evaluate the feasibility of chromosome identification using FISH and to validate the method. It was confirmed that 5S rDNA can be used as a chromosome-specific probe for chromosome identification in E chinensis. The successful application ofFISH in E chinensis shows that chromosome-specific probes can be developed and this finding will facilitate further research on the chromosomes ofpenaeid shrimps.

Determination of Chlorobenzene by Hydroxypropyl-β- Cyclodextrin Sensitized Fluorescence Quenching Method with Neutral Red as a Fluorescence Probe

The fluorescence quenching of inclusion complex of neutral red （NR） and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin （HP-β-CD） carried by chlorobenzene was investigated. The fluorescence intensity of NR increased due to the formed inclusion complex of HP-β-CD and NR. But the fluorescence intensity of NR-HP-β-CD diminished when chlorobenzene was added, and there was a linear relationship between the fluorescence quenching value of the system （△IF = IF, NR-HP-β-CD - IF, CB-NB-NR-HP-β-CD） and the concentration of chlorobenzene. Based on this, a novel fluorescence quenching method for the determination of chlorobenzene with NR as a fluorescence probe has been developed. Under the optimal conditions, the linear range of calibration curve for the determination of chlorobenzene was 5.0 × 10^-8 - 8.0 × 10^-6 mol/L and the detection limit was 1.0 × 10^-8 mol/L. It has been applied to determination ofchlorobenzene in synthetic waste water samples with satisfactory results.

A multi-center randomized controlled clinical trial of three-step acupuncture and cupping therapy for cervicogenic headache

Objective:To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of three-step acupuncture and cupping therapy for cervicogenic headache(CEH).Methods:A randomized,single-blind,multi-center,parallel controlled clinical trial was performed,including 63 patients with CEH who met the study criteria.They were randomly divided into treatment(n=32)and control groups(n=31).The treatment group was treated with three-step acupuncture and cupping therapy,and the control group was treated with sham acupuncture.The simplified McGill pain scores,comprising three parts:the pain rating index,visual analogue scale score,and present pain intensity,alongside head and neck stiffness and cervical vertebra range of motion,and a safety evaluation were recorded in the two groups before treatment,immediately after the first treatment,after 10 days of treatment,after 20 days of treatment,and 3 months after the end of treatment.Results:Compared with before treatment,the scores at each follow-up time point were significantly improved after treatment;moreover,the treatment group was significantly better than the control group.When the scores at the 3 months follow-up after the end of the treatment were compared with the scores after 20 days of treatment,there were no significant differences in the treatment group while significant differences from the scores of the control group,suggesting that the treatment group had better long-term benefits than the control group.Conclusion:Compared with the sham acupuncture group,the three-step acupuncture and cupping method has a beneficial effect in the treatment of CEH.It provides rapid benefits,has better short-and long-term efficacy than sham acupuncture,and is associated with a low recurrence rate.

面向新世纪如何提高大学生的思想政治素质——学习《邓小平文选》的启示

以邓小平理论为指导，探讨在新形势下，如何提高大学生的思想政治素质具有重要意义。邓小平同志给我们指出了提高大学生思想政治素质的根本目标是培养“四有”新人，要实现这一目标，必须坚持“一贯性”与“针对性”的辩证统一原则。当前，要以邓小平理论为中心，加强对大学生多方面的思想政治教育，培养跨世纪的社会主义建设人才。

Acupuncture and moxibustion for functional hypothalamic amenorrhea by establishing artificial cycle:a controlled trial

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion in treatment of functional amenorrhea by establishing artificial cycle.Method One hundred and twelve eligible patients with functional amenorrhea were divided into an acupuncture-moxibustion group（64 cases） and a western medication group（48 cases） by adopting random method.According to the pattern differentiation of amenorrhea of traditional Chinese medicine,the patients in the acupuncture-moxibustion group were classified into two types：amenorrhea due to blood depletion and amenorrhea due to stagnation of blood.For patients with amenorrhea due to blood depletion,Guanyuan（关元 CV4）,Zhongji（中极CV 3）,GuiTlai（归来ST 29）,Geshu（膈俞 BL 17）,Ganshu（肝俞BL 18）,Pishu（脾俞 BL 20） and Shenshu（肾俞 BL 23） were selected.At first,BL 17,BL 18,BL 20 and BL 23 were needled;after deqi,reinforcing method was applied,and the needles were not retained.Then,warmingneedle moxibustion was applied at CV 4,CV 3 and ST 29,and the needles were retained for 30 min.For patients with amenorrhea due to stagnation of blood,CV 3,Qihai（气海CV 6）,Xuehai（血海 SP 10）,Sanyinjiao（三阴交 SP 6）and Xingjian（行间 LR 2） were selected,reducing method was applied,and the needles were retained for 30 min.The treatment was performed once a day,and treatment for 15 consecutive days were the 1st cycle.The 2nd and3 rd cycles started from the 5th day of menstruation（for the patients still not menstruating,the 2nd and 3rd cycles started from the 29 th and 57 th days since the 1st day of treatment）,and the treatment lasted for 15 days.Three cycles were needed.In the western medicine group,estrogen-progestogen was taken orally for 21 days（one cycle） to establish a artificial cycle.The levels of FSH and LH were tested and compared on the 3rd day of menstruation before treatment and after the 3rd cycle of treatment,and the adverse effects were analyzed statistically.Follow-up visit was conducted for the patients after treatment for three cycles,and the recurrence rate was calculated.Result The levels of FSH and LH of patients with functional amenorrhea were enhanced significantly through establishing artificial cycle by acupuncture and moxibustion.There was no significant difference between the acupuncture-moxibustion group and the western medication group in effective rate（P〉0.05）;but the adverse effect rate（1.49%） and recurrence rate（25.0%） of the acupuncture-moxibustion group were lower than that of the western medication group（with the adverse effect rate of 4.14%,and recurrence rate of 69.8%）（both P〈0.05）.Conclusion The levels of FSH and LH of patients with functional amenorrhea can be enhanced significantly through establishing artificial cycle by acupuncture and moxibustion.The efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion in treatment of functional amenorrhea by establishing artificial cycle is equivalent to that of oral administration of estrogen-progestogen in treatment of functional amenorrhea by establishing artificial cycle,but the adverse effect rate and recurrence rate of acupuncture and moxibustion group are lower.

Randomized controlled study on acupuncture treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of acupuncture treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome （CFS）. Methods Ninety cases of CFS were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 45 cases in each group. The observation group was treated with acupuncture at Renying （人迎 ST 9）, Fengfu（风府 GV 16）, Batihui （百会 GV 20）; the control group was treated with 250 mL 5% Glucose injeetio combined with 20 mL Shenmai injectio （参脉注射液）. Fatigue Scale （FS） was used to compare the scores between the two groups after treatment. Results The total scores in the observation group ,were 9.37±2.33 and 5.41±1.96 before and after treatment respectively, and in the control group, they were 9.08±2.27 and 7.34±2.03 respectively. FS brainwork integral, physical fatigue integral, and total integral all decreased after treatment in two groups （all P〈0.001）, and it decreased much more obviously in the observation group （P〈0.05, P〈0.01）. Conclusion Both of the acupuncture treatment and Shenmai injectio are able to decrease Fatigue Scale score, improve the fatigue symptoms of CFS patients, and the effect of acupuncture treatment is obviously superior to that of Shenmai injectio.

“Four Sacral Needles” Therapy for Female Stress Incontinence

Objective： To make a retrospective control study of the curative effects of ＂Four sacral needles＂ method and conventional acupuncture therapy on female stress incontinence. Methods：A treatment group was treated by ＂Four sacral needles＂ method, in which four sacral points were electroacupunctured with special insertion of needles to excite the pudendal nerve and induce the rhythmic contraction of the pelvic floor muscles, thereby increasing the strength of the pelvic floor muscles and improving ability in urinary continence. A control group was treated by conventional acupuncture therapy, in which corresponding points were acupunctured according to syndrome-based classification. Results： In the 31 cases of the treatment group treated by ＂Four sacral needles＂ method, 100% symptom improvement occurred in 22（71.0% ）after an average of 21 treatments （3-63 treatments）. In the 34 cases of the control group treated by conventional acupuncture therapy, 100% symptom improvement occurred in 0 after 30 treatments. The curative effect was better in the treatment group than in the control group（p〈 0.01）.The curative effect improved with an increase in the number of treatments in the treatment group. Conclusion： ＂Four sacral needles＂ method is more effective than conventional acupuncture therapy in treating female stress incontinence.

Acupuncture for allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and meta analysis

Objective： To analyze and review the clinical efficacy of acupuncture（including electroacupuncture） alone for allergic rhinitis（AR） and to compare its efficacy with antihistamines and Chinese patent medicine Bi Yan Kang Tablet. Methods： The search strategy, inclusion and exclusion criteria were made according to the principle of evidence-based medicine. We performed a systematic search on China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI）, Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database（Wanfang）, Chongqing VIP Database（CQVIP）, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database（CBM）, Pub Med, Excerpta Medica Database（EMBASE）, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials（CENTRAL） for randomized controlled trials（RCTs） of acupuncture for allergic rhinitis between January 1990 and December 2015. The quality was evaluated by Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1, and the meta-analysis was conducted by Rev Man 5.3 version. Results： Twenty eligible RCTs were included into the meta-analysis after selection. Compared with antihistamines, the meta-analysis showed RR=1.241, 95%CI[1.15, 1.33], P〈0.00001, indicating that acupuncture achieved a better total effective rate for AR than antihistamines; MD=–0.93〈0, 95%CI[–1.22, –0.63], P〈0.00001, indicating that acupuncture is better than antihistamines in decreasing the total nasal symptom score（TNSS） in AR patients; and MD=1.46〉0, 95%CI[–10.84, 13.75], P=0.82, indicating that there was no statistical difference between acupuncture and antihistamines in regulating immunoglobulin E（Ig E） in AR patients. Compared with Bi Yan Kang Tablet, the meta-analysis has shown RR=1.50〉1, 95%CI[1.30, 1.73], P〈0.00001, indicating that acupuncture achieved a better total effective rate for AR than Chinese patent medicine Bi Yan Kang Tablet. Conclusion： Acupuncture alone can achieve a better total effective rate for AR than antihistamines and Bi Yan Kang Tablet. It is also better than antihistamines in improving clinical symptom scores; however, whether acupuncture is better than Bi Yan Kang Tablet needs further proof. As far as current data are concerned, there was no statistical difference between acupuncture and antihistamines in improving serum Ig E; further study is needed in this regard. The risk of bias due to absent randomization methods or blinding implementation decreased the evidence level of the overall conclusion.

Therapeutic Efficacy Observation on Scalp Acupuncture for Vascular Dementia

Objective：To observe the clinical efficacy of scalp-acupuncture-based therapy for vascular dementia.Methods：Eighty patients with vascular dementia were randomly allocated into 3 groups by the visiting order,27 cases in the scalp acupuncture group were treated with needling scalp stimulation areas;25 cases in the body acupuncture group were treated with body acupoints;28 cases in the control group were given Duxil for oral administration.Themini-mental state examination （MMSE） and Barthel index （BI） were used to evaluate the differences between before and after treatments.Results：The total effective rate in the scalp acupuncture group was 92%,versus 89% in the body acupuncture group and 83% in the control group,showing a statistical significance （P0.01）.After the treatments,the MMSE and BI scores showed significant differences in all three groups （P0.01）.After the treatment,the MMSE and BI scores in the scalp acupuncture and body acupuncture groups showed statistical significances compared with the control group （P0.05）.There was also a statistical significance between the scalp acupuncture group and body acupuncture group （P0.05）.Conclusion：Scalp-acupuncture-based therapy can substantially improve MMSE and BI scores and thus obtain a more remarkable effect for vascular dementia.

Comparative observation of therapeutic effects of acupuncture combined with infrared irradiation and western medicine on acute gouty arthritis

Objective To compare the efficacy difference in treatment of acute gouty arthritis between acupuncture combined with infrared irradiation and Indomethachin, as well as to observe the impacts on liver function. Methods One hundred and sixty cases of gout were randomized into an acupuncture group （80 cases） and an Indomethachin group （80 cases）. In the acupuncture group, acupuncture was applied to Zusanli（足三里 ST 36）, SanyTnjiao （三阴交 SP 6）, Quchi （曲池LI 11）, Xuehai （血海 SP 10）, Yanglingquan （阳陵泉 GB 34） and Ashi points （阿是穴）. Additionally, infrared irradiation was used in the local area. The treatment was given once daily. In the Indomethachin group, Indomethachin was taken orally, 25 mg each time, three times per day. The treatment lasted for 5 days in either group. Separately, before and after treatment, pain severity and the levels of blood uric acid （BUA）, erythrocyte sedimentation rate （ESR）, alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） were detected. Additionally, the efficacy and the impacts on liver function were assessed. Results The cured rate was 52.5% （42/80） in the acupuncture group, which was superior to 22.5% （18/80） in the Indomethachin group （P〈0.01）. In the acupuncture group, the analgesic efficacy was better than that in the Indomethachin group （P〈0.01） and the effect on reducing BUA and ERS levels was same as that in the Indomethachin group （all P〉0.05）. After treatment, ALT and AST levels had no changes in the acupuncture group, but they increased apparently in the Indomethachin group （all P〈0.01）. Conclusion Acupuncture combined with infrared irradiation achieves a superior efficacy on acute gouty arthritis as compared with oral medication of Indomethachin and the therapy provides a significant effect on analgesia and does not bring the damage of liver function.