A Tentative Analysis of the Use of Potential by Commercial Bank in Controlling Credit Scale

This article brings forward the conception of potential and filed potential in bank's competition under the inspiration of law of electric current in electrodynamics. It discusses the impact of potential shifting on commercial bank's credit scale and builds up a model for commercial bank to control the scale by credit pricing and risk policy in a dynamic way, and also gives some advice to domestic commercial bank for improving loan business, aiming to settle down the existing credit management problems.

Research Risk Factors and Management Competence of Vietnam Commercial Banks from 2006-2020

Banks are various credit institutions that perform all bank activities and other business activities. According to the nature and objectives of operation, types of banks include all the commercial banks, development banks, investment banks, policy banks, joint stock banks and other types of banks.

Survey of the Creditor＇s Ability to Collect and Use the Enterprise Information

This paper is concerned with the analysis of the creditor＇s ability to collect, analyze and judge business information, which is a realistic problem for the bank to control the risk of loan effectively. We not only know the bank＇s application of financial and non-financial information during the process of credit extension but also investigate the use of non-financial information by questionnaire. It is discovered that the bank even believes the information that directly acquired by itself while collecting, analyzing and judging the reliability of business information. Through some sensitive information such as the changing of accounts receivable and cash flow and the connection trade, it can predict the potential risk further. In addition, the results show that it is the perfection of internal control system of intermediary （such as accounting firm） and the business enterprise itself that make the bank get the true information of business enterprise.

Global Financial Crisis and Accounting Rules： The Implications of the New Exposure Draft （ED） Financial Instruments： Expected Credit Losses on the Evaluation of Banking Company Loans

During the financial crisis, the delayed recognition of credit losses on loans and other financial instruments was identified as a weakness in existing incurred loss model of impairment stated by International Accounting Standards （IAS） 39, because it is believed that this delay might generate pro-cyclical effects. In response to the recommendations of G20, Financial Crisis Advisory Group （FCAG）, and other international bodies, the International Accounting Standards Board （IASB） has undertaken, since 2009, as a part of the project to replace IAS 39, a project （partially shared with Financial Accounting Standards Board （FASB）） aimed at introducing an expected loss model of impairment. Within the scope of this subset project, the IASB has previously issued two exposure documents proposing models to account for expected credit losses： an exposure draft （ED） Financial Instrument： Amortized Cost and Impairment, published in November 2009, and a supplementary document （SD） Financial Instrument： Impairment, published jointly with the FASB in January 2011. However, neither of the two proposals received strong support from interested parties. Recently, the IASB, after the FASB＇s decision to withdraw from the joint project and to develop a separate expected credit loss model based on a single measurement approach consisting in the sole recognition of lifetime expected credit losses, published a third proposal--Ahe so-called expected credit losses model （ED/2013/3 Financial Instruments： Expected Credit Losses）.

Causes and solutions of non-performing loan in Chinese commercial banks

Non-Performing Loan （NPL） is one of the concrete embodiments of credit risk which banks take. NPL is a huge puzzle for Chinese commercial banks, so how to enhance risk management to improve assets quality and lower down NPL are of great importance to those banks.

Bank Criminal Act： Case of Fraud Using Letter of Credit-Bank as a Victim

Letter of Credit （L/C） is a payment method offered by bank for settling the foreign trade. The existence of L/C is a means capable of providing guarantee for the interests of the sellers and buyers. In the event of default by either party, either the seller or the buyer, the bank as the L/C issuer will provide payment guarantee for the seller or the waiver of payment for the buyer. The bank’s risk in issuing the L/C is regarding with the weakness of L/C. In Article 5 of UCP 600, it is emphasized that in transactions using L/C, banks deal only with documents, not dealing with goods, or other implementation. In Article 14a of UCP 600 it is affirmed that the L/C payments are based on the suitability between the L/C requirements and the submitted documents viewed under “on their face”. The bank authority as the guarantor which only deals with the documents in making payments causing the L/C instrument is often used in fraud against the bank. Many banking fraud cases that occur in Indonesia take advantage of L/C weakness. This paper will discuss the occurrence of criminal acts in the banking by exploiting weaknesses in the L/C that makes the bank as a victim. In addition, this paper aims to explain the effort to overcome the criminal acts that occurred at the issuing bank as a victim by using L/C. The discussion in this paper emphasized the application of laws and regulations applicable to indict the perpetrators of criminal acts in the banking sector by exploiting weaknesses of L/C. Aspects of the discussion of a criminal offense are based on the Act No. 10 of 1998 concerning banking, and under the provisions of the Criminal Code.

A new method of AHP applied to personal credit evaluation

This paper presents a new negative judgment matrix that combines the advantages of the reciprocal judgment matrix and the fuzzy complementary judgment matrix, and then puts forth the properties of this new matrix. In view of these properties, this paper derives a clear sequencing formula for the new negative judgment matrix, which improves the sequencing principle of AHP. Finally, this new method is applied to personal credit evaluation to show its advantages of conciseness and swiftness.

DEA-based Empirical Research on the Performance Analysis of China＇s Commercial Bank Information Security System Application

In this paper, the operating performances of the main commercial banks＇ information security management system applications are empirically researched using the DEA method of operating efficiency＇s multi-stage super efficiency. The DEA model of multi-stage super efficiency is established for the commercial bank information security system applications of China＇s banks using data envelopment analysis （DEA）, and then output efficiency, taxation efficiency, and comprehensive efficiency are analyzed by choosing eight banks such as Industrial and Commercial bank of China as sample data, and finally the operating performance of Chinese commercial banks＇ information security management system is concluded.

Risk Factors of Commercial Banks in Malaysia

All kinds of risks exist in the banking industry. In order to cover these exposures, banks must manage these risk factors for better survival in any state of uncertainty. The objective is to examine the relevant risk factors that will affect the sensitivity of commercial banks in Malaysia. These factors are liquidity and interest rate risk, credit risk, market risk, operating and country risk, and exchange rate risk. A survey is conducted to solicit the appropriate factors that will influence the sensitivity of banks. Factor analysis is then used to identify the factors and a regression model is used to establish the associations. The results obtained through this research would be beneficial in constructing an effective solution or strategy to enable banks to minimize risk and possible failure in times of adversity.

Online Shopping A Block to E-commerce

The rapid growth oflnternet technology development has made Chinese consumers search for products over the Internet and purchase products or services from Web-retailers. E-commerce is growing to represent an increasing share of overall sale avenue, and online shopping is expected to continue growing for foreseeable future. As such, it is vital to identify the performance of shopping online and investigate the effects that shopping online has on e-commerce.The methods used in this study are consulting some authentic materials and looking into some cases in point. It is found that shopping online has so many disadvantages, such as credit crisis, the insecurity of e-bank, express problem, a series of relevant law problems, limited payment options and so on.Because of these limitations, shopping online has interfered with e-commerce. Overall, shopping online is more or less a bar to e-commerce.

The Relationship Between Credit Risk Management and Profitability Among the Commercial Banks in Kenya

Banks operate in an environment of considerable risks and uncertainty. Credit risk has always been a vicinity of concern not only to bankers but to all in the business world because the risks of a trading partner not fulfilling his obligations in full on due date can seriously jeopardize the affairs of the other partner. Credit risk management in banks has become more important not only because of the series of financial crisis that the world has experienced in the recent past, but also the introduction of Basel II Accord. The objective of the study was to establish the relationship between credit risk management and profitability in commercial banks in Kenya, Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in order to fulfill the main purpose of the study. A regression model was used to do the empirical analysis. The results obtained from the regression model show that there is an effect of credit risk management on profitability at a reasonable level. The findings and analysis reveal that credit risk management has an effect on profitability in all the commercial banks analyzed.

China＇s Housing Market Imbalance from 2003 to 2016： An Analysis Based on the User Cost Approach

During 2003-2016, China experienced an unprecedented housing market imbalance. The present paper applies the user cost approach to conduct a systematic analysis of this important phenomenon, examines the policy factors behind the persistent housing market imbalance, and explores policy options to correct the housing market imbalance. We found that during most of 2003-2016, the user cost was significantly lower than 2 percent, caused by high income growth, rapid credit expansion and low interest rates, which led to the persistent housing market imbalance. Therefore, the government should control bank credit and introduce property taxes during the possession of houses.