从“点”竞争到“链”竞争

1、从“点”竞争到“链”竞争的必然性。在经济全球化的市场条件下，企业竞争的格局发生了巨大深刻的变化。虚拟经营、战略联盟和产业集群大行其道，管理职能与实物资产的分离已成常态，收购、兼并、合资合作此起彼伏，垂直一体化和横向一体化广泛应用，

Adsorption and desorption behaviors of ssDNA molecules on mica surface by surface forces apparatus

An approach for studying the adsorption and desorption behaviors of single-stranded DNA（ ssDNA） molecules on the mica surface by the surface forces apparatus（ SFA） is reported,which can be used to characterize the precise thickness,configuration and mechanical properties of ssDNA layers on the mica surface at a certain buffer solution. The formation of ss DNA layers is first studied by tuning the ssDNA concentrations, and the experimental results indicate that the ss DNA concentration of 100 ng / μL is ideal for forming a ssDNA monolayer structure on the mica surface, and the hardwall value measured to be 1.04 nm under this circumstance is regarded as the thickness of the ssDNA monolayer confined on mica. The desorption behavior of ssDNA molecules from the mica surface is further studied by observing and comparing different shapes of the force-distance curves under certain conditions. It is found that the desorption of ss DNA molecules from the mica surface occurs as the monovalent salts are added into the gap buffer. It is inferred that the competition effect between monovalent and divalent salts can induce the release of ssDNA from substrate.The results also reveal that 10 mmol / L monovalent salts（ Na~＋）is sufficient for the desorption of ssDNA from mica. This work provides an applicable method to study the binding mechanism of ss DNA molecules on inorganic substrates.

Pricing decision of green supply chain under the game competition of duopolistic retailers

In order to evaluate the impact of green production introduced by the manufacturer and study the competitive strategy between two retailers,four strategic models among diverse retailers,i.e.,Cournot,Stackelberg and two cases of collusion,are constructed.The optimal decision is obtained by the game theory and numerical analysis.The results indicate that the manufacturer's marginal profitability is no less than that of the two retailers.However,due to the manufacturer's green cost,the downstream profitability of the supply chain may exceed the upstream manufacturer's profitability.The retailers'Cournot behavior causes the manufacturer to acquire the highest profitability and set the highest green level.However,there is an opposite result in collusion.Two retailers will choose Cournot pricing when the consumer's green sensitivity is higher than a threshold.When consumers are more sensitive to the price difference of products,retailers prefer collusion,and then choose the Stackelberg behavior.Manufacturers'profitability will increase as competition among retailers intensifies.Proper competition allows two duopolistic retailers to acquire a higher profitability.

Strategic Management of Independent Film Production Companies

This article introduces the analysis of strategic management of film production companies. The first part presents processes and models of strategic management and introduces a new and unified model of strategic management. It is noteworthy that the film/film industry value chain helps to understand the notion that the links between separate stages have an impact on the company＇s competitive advantage and reveal how the main product in the film industry, the feature film, is developed. Therefore, the following part analyses models and composition of film industry value models. The final part of this article analyses the main features of a film production company and the sources of funding thereof. The strategic model of independent film production companies is based on the characteristics of strategic management and the value chain models of independent film projects.

Supply Chain Management Practices, Competitive Advantages and Firm Performance： A Case of Small and Medium Enterprises （SMEs） in Vietnam

The perception of supply chain management （SCM） first appeared in 1982 and the very first papers on SCM were published in the mid 1980s （Houlihan, 1985）. However, this term is still fresh in Vietnam, especially the subject of SCM practices and their impacts on firm performance of small and medium enterprises （SMEs）. Therefore, the research was conducted to study the impact of supply chain management practices （SCMPs） on firm performance of SMEs through firm competitive advantages. Data were collected by surveying SMEs located in Ho Chi Minh City. The research findings showed that customer relationship （CR） and quality of information sharing （IQ） impact on firm performance at 0.01% significance level while the level of information sharing impacts on firm performance at 10% significance level, and strategic supplier partnership impacts on firm performance insignificantly. Moreover, we also found that customer relationship and quality of information sharing influence firm competitive advantage at 0.01% significance level, while strategic supplier partnership and the quality of information sharing impact on firm competitive advantage at 5% significance level. Competitive advantages impact significantly positively on firm performance at significance level of 0.001%. The findings imply that SMEs in Vietnam should manage customer relationship well and increase the level of information quality to improve competitive advantage in order to gain high performance.

Developing a Framework of the Sourcing Process A Case Study of Finnish Companies With Chinese Suppliers

The paper analyzes five Finnish case companies to study the sourcing process from China. A framework of a six-stage sourcing process is developed that includes finding and choosing suppliers, making contracts and orders, performing production and quality control, planning logistics, inspecting purchases, and developing supply chain management. Each stage describes the activities from the channels of seeking suppliers to cooperative areas for further development. The case study illustrates the practices of sourcing from China are actually quite similar to the sourcing process in other countries. The study highlights that quality control is the core issue in sourcing from China. Moreover, the difference in understanding sustainable quality affects supplier screening and quality control. Close cooperation on quality control is the key to managing the supply chain to increase competitive advantage through sourcing from China.

Research on enterprise value chain management model of competitive strategy

The value chain designs knowledge value chain consisting of the main activities managed by knowledge, including knowledge audits, knowledge acquisition, knowledge creation, knowledge absorption, knowledge protection and application of knowledge, and support activities including knowledge leadership, coordination of knowledge, knowledge control and knowledge organization, knowledge evaluation, coordination mechanism, and makes comparison to the knowledge value chain management and value chain management activity from the standard value, the value of the type and scope of activities, sources of competitive advantage, core management approach, the degree of use of information technology and knowledge, value activities, value chain expansion and other aspects, and proposes business take strategies such as the implementation of a systematic knowledge of audit, establishing strategic alliances, carrying out the coordination of knowledge, the use of advanced information technology, enhancing organizational learning, establishing knowledge-based organization to implement knowledge value chain management.

Analysis On the Cruise-Traveling Industry in Shanghai Based On the Supply-Side Reform

From the five-force model application in enterprises, this paper analyzes the five-force model in the development of cruise industry in shanghai which is based on the background of supply-side structural reform. As a result, getting the answer of the cruise industry of corresponding relationship with the access capability of potential competitors, the bargaining capability of suppliers and buyers, the replacing capability of substitutes, industry competitors existing competition ability. From these relations, it summarizes the cruise industry core competitive advantages, such as high quality service, high differentiation of user experience and so on. At last, through the corresponding analyze of the strategy, providing useful advice for the sustainable development of cruise industry.

The Wine Chain in Puglia： A Cluster Analysis

The food industry is evolving more towards new forms of organization much more complex and characterized by a greater degree of coordination, whether in the form of vertical integration of explicit or implicit contracts between players of different levels of the industry. Therefore, the aim of this work is the search for mechanisms that can provide value to the production phase to better increase competitiveness of the sector. For the first time, in fact, discussion about food chains have as reference a recognized legal entity, which is the integrated projects of food chain as a result of actions of agricultural policy at community, national and regional levels. The methodology is related to two steps： the administration of questionnaires to the three companies participating in food chain partnerships that have proposed a draft of integrated design of food chain in response to the notice of the Apulia region for the submission of the integrated projects of the food chain; and a cluster analysis in the wine sector of the Italian regions. The results showed, thanks to Network Analysis, the importance for the chain development of relationships formed by market relations and cooperation relations （formal and informal） and the need for more actions for the enhancement of products by research and development activities.

Mapping the Supply Chain Issues SMEs and Impact for Quality Products

Until now, the issue of quality of the products of SMEs （small and medium enterprises） remains the main issues as the cause of low ability to compete. This study focused into the issue of what happened with regard to the quality of products in the supply chain SME products. This study aims to describe how the culture of quality in the supply chain of SMEs and their role in contributing to the lack of SME products. The study involved 128 SMEs in the food processing industry cluster and garment industry. The research uses qualitative method with case study approach. The results showed an average internal quality culture reached 3.62661 supply included in the category enough. Of the five industry cluster, a culture of quality in the internal supply chain is the best T-shirt industry （4.3385） in both categories, while other four clusters exist in enough categories, with grades： hoods （3.661）, soy crisps （3.6635）, cassava chips （3.64）, and the last chips fish balls （2.829）. The low average internal quality culture supply mainly is in industrial processing of cassava chips and chips fish balls. One reason is the low awareness of quality. There is no technology and equipment adequate to safeguard the stability of quality. The upper most excellent quality culture occurred in the supply chain, where the product is controlled by big industry, is the industry shirts （4.018）, soy crisps （3.613）, and hoods （3.473）, while when in the upstream industry controlled by small or SMEs, there is deterioration in the cultural values of quality： cassava chips （2.917） and chips fish balls （2.781）. For downstream, 100% controlled by SMEs, there is an average value of quality culture 3.5662.

Development of Competitive Advantage in Apparel Industry in Kenya

The Kenyan apparel industry has played a major role in the country＇s economic development; however the sector＇s competitiveness has decreased due to inadequate industrial strategy and loss of global markets resulting from elimination of quotas in 2005. China and other Asian countries＇ ability to produce quality products efficiently at lower comparative costs has been threatening apparel manufacturers in most developing countries in Africa. The purpose of this study is to analyse Kenya＇s apparel industry＇s current situation and to recommend some strategies for regaining business competitiveness in the apparel sector. This paper examines how apparel firms could develop competitive advantages in both local and global markets. It uses Porter＇s diamond and business value chain models as a basis of analysis for interpreting competitive factors within Kenya＇s apparel industry. In addition to extensive literature reviews, the paper provides in-depth overview of Kenya＇s apparel sector business dynamics and its relationships with local and global markets. Conclusions are drawn based on the analyses of Porter＇s theoretical models in relationship to Kenya＇s apparel industry business dynamics. Taking into account the global apparel business factors, recommendations are made on how the Kenya＇s apparel industry can regain business competitiveness.

Research on Prediction of Enterprise Human Resource Demand and Supply Based on Gray Model

As the knowledge-intensive enterprise, the core competence of software enterprise is to master human resources of knowledge. But the unique human resource characteristic of software enterprise res^cts the management. While it develops rapidly, there is great waste for human resource cost. By using the prediction model of human resources for software enterprise, the paper proposes the human resource strategic planning system model of software enterprise. The paper applies grey prediction to make empirical research on requirements of human resource for software enterprises, and uses Markov chain to analyze supply of human resources. According to the prediction results, the paper adjusts the imbalanced supply and demand, and proposes the human resources planning.

How Does the General Output Quantity Distribution of Suppliers Affect the Value-appropriation of Supply Chain？

This paper studies the problem of value-appropriation of supply chain, which is composed of a monopoly manufacturer downstream and multiple suppliers upstream. Firstly, we introduce two special examples in which output distribution of suppliers satisfy equal or equal-difference sequence. It is found that the more difference the distribution will be, the less preference will be gain by the manufacturer in the value-appropriation of supply chain. For the general distribution, the parameter ＂competitive residual＂ is introduced to score the influence of the suppliers＇ output quantity distribution on manufacturer＇s preference. The general conclusion will be given and it can directly deduce the conclusions above. Finally, we extend our basic conclusion to the more general situation in which the numbers of suppliers are not equal.