以学生为主体 激活数学“探究点”

在数学教学中,如何以学生为主体,激活数学"探究点",可通过布"疑"点,激励学生主动探索,设"问"点,唤起学生求知兴趣,示"错"点,克服学生思维定式,求"变"点,开启学生发散思维等策略,引导学生积极主动地参与到探索学习中来.

Texture Analysis of Damascene Copper Interconnects

Texture and grain boundary character distribution of Cu interconnects with different line width for as-deposited and annealed conditions were measured by EBSD. All specimens appear mixed texture and （111） texture is the dominate component.As-deposited interconnects undergo the phenomenon of self-annealing at RT,in which some abnormally large grains are found. Lower aspect ratio of lines and anneal treatment procured larger grains and stronger （111） texture. Meanwhile, the intensity proportion of other textures with lower strain energy to （111） texture is decreased. As-deposited specimens reveal （111）（112？ and （111） （231） components, （111） （110） component appeared and （111） （112？ and （111） （231） components were developed during the annealing process. High angle boundaries are dominant in all specimens, boundaries with a misorientation of 55°-60° and ∑3 ones in higher proportion, followed by lower boundaries with a misorientation of 35°-40° and 29 boundaries. As the aspect ratio of lines and anneal treatment increase,there is a gradual in- crement in ∑3 boundaries and a decrease in ∑9 boundaries.

A novel double-node-upset-resilient radiation-hardened latch

To effectively tolerate a double-node upset,a novel double-node-upset-resilient radiation-hardened latch is proposed in 22 nm complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor technology.Using three interlocked single-node-upset-resilient cells,which are identically mainly constructed from three mutually feeding back 2-input C-elements,the latch achieves double-node-upset-resilience.Using smaller transistor sizes,clock-gating technology,and high-speed transmission-path,the cost of the latch is effectively reduced.Simulation results demonstrate the double-node-upset-resilience of the latch and also show that compared with the up-to-date double-node-upset-resilient latches,the proposed latch reduces the transmission delay by 72.54%,the power dissipation by 33.97%,and the delay-power-area product by 78.57%,while the average cost of the silicon area is only increased by 16.45%.

Structural transformation and energy analysis for pile-up dislocations at triple junction of grain boundary

An energy model for the structure transformation of pile-ups of grain boundary dislocations(GBD)at the triple-junction of the grain boundary of ultrafine-grain materials was proposed.The energy of the pile-up of the GBD in the system was calculated by the energy model,the critical geometric and mechanical conditions for the structure transformation of head dislocation of the pile-up were analyzed,and the influence of the number density of the dislocations and the angle between Burgers vectors of two decomposed dislocations on the transformation mode of head dislocation was discussed.The results show when the GBD is accumulated at triple junction,the head dislocation of the GBD is decomposed into two Burgers vectors of these dislocations unless the angle between the two vectors is less than 90°,and the increase of applied external stress can reduce the energy barrier of the dislocation decomposition.The mechanism that the ultrafine-grained metal material has both high strength and plasticity owing to the structure transformation of the pile-up of the GBD at the triple junction of the grain boundary is revealed.

Experimental study on the seismic performance of staggered slab-column joints

The low-cycle loading test of two staggered slab-column-boundary beam joints was carried out to study their seismic performance.The crack development,load-displacement relationship,displacement ductility,and energy dissipation performance of the staggered slab-column joints(SSCJ)were studied.Experimental results reveal that both specimens present short-column brittle shear failure.Furthermore,an obvious hysteretic curve pinching phenomenon occurred.Thus,it can be concluded that the seismic performance of the joints is insufficient.These results suggest that the anchorage of the longitudinal reinforcement of the slab in the joint’s core area should be improved,and attention should be paid to the short-column stirrup configuration of the SSCJ.These results can provide a research basis for the design of such joints in future applications.

Deleting Vertices and Interlacing Laplacian Eigenvalues

The authors obtain an interlacing relation between the Laplacian spectra of a graph G and its subgraph G-U,which is obtained from G by deleting all the vertices in the vertex subset U together with their incident edges.Also,some applications of this interlacing property are explored and this interlacing property is extended to the edge weighted graphs.

A Loss-Tolerant Group Key Management Scheme with Revocation Capability for Wireless Sensor Network

A new group key management scheme against the unreliable wireless communication channel and unsafe environment was proposed for wireless sensor network(WSN).In the proposed scheme,broadcast polynomial, generated over finite field F_q based on the secret sharing,was employed to revoke compromised sensor nodes.In order to tolerate key-update message loss,group session keys were generated as one-way hash chain sequence and distributed in advance.The analysis showes that the scheme has better performance in terms of the computation and communication overhead.

Uniform Elongation and Yield-Drop Phenomenon in Magnetically Annealed 1050 Aluminum Alloy Prepared by CryoECAP

The ultrafine grained(UFG)1050 aluminum alloy was prepared by equal channel angular pressing at cryogenic temperature,namely cryoECAP process.The tensile behavior and microstructures of UFG 1050 aluminum alloy after annealing at 90-210°C for 4 h without and with high magnetic field of 12 T were investigated by tensile tests,transmission electron microscope,and electron backscattered diffraction analyses.After cryoECAP and annealing treatments,the 1050 aluminum alloy has ultrafine grains with 0.7-1.28μm in size,the ratio of ultimate tensile strength to yield strength is less than 1.24,and the uniform elongation is less than 2.3%.With increasing the annealing temperature from 90°C to 210°C,the yield-drop phenomenon becomes more obvious due to the decrease in mobile dislocations to maintain the applied strain rate during tensile deformation.The uniform elongation decreases from 1.55%to 0.55%,the dislocation density reduces from 5.6×10^(14)m^(−2)to 4.2×10^(13)m^(−2),and the fraction of high-angle grain boundaries(HABs)increases from 63.8%to 70.8%.These phenomena cause the higher annihilation rate of dislocations,thereby leading to the degradation of strain hardening effect.During annealing under high magnetic field at 90-210°C,the low fraction of HABs(61.7%-66.2%)can provide a slower annihilation rate of dislocations,therefore resulting in the higher uniform elongation(0.64%-1.60%)and slower decrease in the flow stress after the yield peak.