论孔尚任对杨文骢的“间色”认知

孔尚任的《桃花扇》把杨文骢塑造成一个"间色"人物,为人圆滑世故,处事八面玲珑,周旋于达官要员、复社文人、青楼妓女之间,像一个玻璃球在政治缝隙中滚来滚去。而历史真实的杨文骢,实在是一个不平凡的人物,诗画精绝,多才多艺,矢志抗清,英勇就义,全家同死国难者36人,表现出崇高的民族气节。之所以产生这种艺术真实和历史真实的错位,缘于孔尚任对杨文骢的"认知失调",究其原因有二:一是孔尚任片面以为黔贵无人才,一叶障目不见泰山,忽视了杨文骢等一批贵州文人的成就。二是孔尚任对杨文骢的政治品质过于苛责,忽视了他精忠报国的大节。基于这两方面的认知,孔尚任在《桃花扇》中极力表现杨文骢性格的多面性和复杂性,虽与历史真实有违,却不乏艺术真实的匠心,显示出卓越的艺术才情,成就了中国戏剧史上的经典"间色"形象杨龙友。

Development and Application of Ultrafast Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy Techniques

Chirality hold broad applications in life sciences,quantum devices,and various other areas.Traditionally,molecular chirality can be characterized by using steady-state circular dichroism spectroscopy.However,the techniques that can characterize excited state chirality are progressively capturing the public interest as it can provide the dynamic information for chirality generation and transfer.In this review,we focus on the theoretical background and the developmental history of femtosecond time-resolved circular dichroism spectroscopy(TRCD)techniques around the world.Additionally,we provide examples to showcase the utility of these techniques in the analysis of the dynamical molecular chemical structures,the investigation of molecular chirality generation,and the detection of electron spin dynamics in semiconductor quantum dots.

Study on Tri-Stimulus Transformation

To decrease number of samples for the implementation of color space transformation, a method for modeling the chromatic characterization of video cameras was proposed. An additional transformation was required to predict output RGB values for an input color. This additional transformation was based on spectral reflectance relationship. The transformed color coordinates were taken as inputs of a multilayer neural network. Based on network outputs, the RGB values to be predicted were calculated. Experimental results were given to illustrate the performance of the method. Even though much less number of training samples are used, this method can also perform well on this color space transformation.

Neural Network Method for Colorimetry Calibration of Video Cameras

To transfer the color data from a device (video camera) dependent color space into a device? independent color space, a multilayer feedforward network with the error backpropagation (BP) learning rule, was regarded as a nonlinear transformer realizing the mapping from the RGB color space to CIELAB color space. A variety of mapping accuracy were obtained with different network structures. BP neural networks can provide a satisfactory mapping accuracy in the field of color space transformation for video cameras.

Combination of Homoeologous Pairing Gene phKL and Ph2-deficiency in Common Wheat and Its Meiotic Behaviors in Hybrids with Alien Species

The combined lines having both phKL and Ph2-deficiency were obtained in the genetic background of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landrace. These lines had normal fertility. In the wheat combined lines X Aegilops variabilis Eig. (or rye), a significant increase in the chiasmata of homoeologous pairing was shown by the phKL+Ph2(-) plants with respect to their phKL+Ph2 sibs, which indicates that Ph2-deficiency and phKL showed an additive effect on promoting pairing. The effects were shown in the increment of rod bivalents, ring bivalents and trivalents and reduction of univalents, of which, reduction of univalents was mainly due to the increment of rod bivalents. The combined lines are probably more desirable materials for alien gene transferring than phKL or Ph2(-) lines alone. In comparison with that of ph1b X Ae. variabilis (or rye), phKL+Ph2(-) X Ae. variabilis (or rye) show higher (or similar) numbers of rod bivalents, while the total chromosome pairing level significantly reduced that ascribed to the decrement in ring bivalents and multivalents. These results probably indicate the different genetic mechanisms for Ph1 and Ph2 or phKL on controlling homoeologous pairing.

Laws of strata energy release and corresponding safety warning system in metal mine

The strata deformation in mining area was monitored in Dabaoshan copper-iron mine,and an analytical method of strata energy release was put forward.On the basis of chaotic theory,by reconstructing the phase space for time series data of strata energy release,the saturated embedding dimension and the correlation dimension of the dynamic system were obtained to be 4 and 1.212 8,respectively,and the evolution laws of distances between phase points of strata energy release in the phase space were revealed.With grey theory,a prediction model of strata energy release was set up,the maximum error of which was less than 6.7%.The results show that there are chaotic characters in strata energy release during mining;after reconstructing phase space,the subtle changing characteristics of energy release can be magnified,and the internal rules can be fully demonstrated.According to the laws,a warning system for strata stability in mining area was established to provide a technical safeguard for safe mining.

Performance evaluation of wavelet scattering network in image texture classification in various color spaces

The optimized color space is searched by using the wavelet scattering network in the KTH_TIPS_COL color image database for image texture classification. The effect of choosing the color space on the classification accuracy is investigated by converting red green blue （RGB） color space to various other color spaces. The results show that the classification performance generally changes to a large degree when performing color texture classification in various color spaces, and the opponent RGB-based wavelet scattering network outperforms other color spaces-based wavelet scattering networks. Considering that color spaces can be changed into each other, therefore, when dealing with the problem of color texture classification, converting other color spaces to the opponent RGB color space is recommended before performing the wavelet scattering network.

New Color-Difference Formula Based on CIECAM97s

To deduce a new color difference formula based on CIE 1997 Color Appearance Model(CIECAM97s), a color space J a 1 b 1 is first constructed with color appearance descriptors J,a,b in CIECAM97s. The new formula is then deduced in the space and named CDF CIECAM97s. The factors for lightness, chroma and hue correction in the formula are derived by linear regression according to BFD? CP data sets. It is found by statistical analysis that CDF CIECAM97s is in closer accordance with the visual assessments when compared with CMC(1∶1), CIE94 and CIE L *a *b * color difference formulae. Based on color appearance model, the new color difference formula can be used to predict color difference perception in a varity of different viewing conditions.

Orientation of Pigments in the Isolated PhotosystemⅡSub-core Reaction Center CP47/D1/D2/Cyt b-559 Complexes:A Linear Dichroism Study

Linear dichroism (LD) spectroscopy is an important technique in the study of the orientation and organization of pigments in the photosynthetic membrane complexes in vivo and in vitro . In this work, the orientation of the pigments in the isolated photosystem Ⅱ (PSⅡ) sub_core reaction center complexes was analyzed and characterized by means of low temperature absorption and LD spectroscopy. The preparations containing different amounts of CP47 isolated from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplast were used in order to investigate the orientation of pigments in the PSⅡ sub_core CP47/D1/D2/Cyt b_559 (CP47/D1/D2) complexes. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) absorbing at 680 nm in CP47/D1/D2/Cyt b_559 complex showed an orientation of the Q y transition parallel to the membrane plane. It is proposed that there are two forms of β_carotene (β_Car) in CP47/D1/D2/Cyt b_559 complex, denoted as β_Car (Ⅰ) and β_Car (Ⅱ), with different orientations, β_Car (Ⅰ) at 470 and 505 nm is roughly parallel to the membrane plane, and β_Car (Ⅱ) at 460 and 490 nm seems to be perpendicular orientation. Upon the photoinhibitory experiment β_Car (Ⅱ) was found to be photosensitive and easily photodamaged. It also showed that the positive LD signal observed at 680 nm was quite complicated. This signal is tentatively attributed to P680 and some Chl a of antenna in CP47 protein based upon our measurements.

Multimodal background model with noise and shadow suppression for moving object detection

A statistical multimodal background model was described for moving object detection in video surveillance. The solution to some of the problems such as illumination changes, initialization of model with moving objects, and shadows suppression was provided. The background samples were chosen by thresholding inter-frame differences, and the Gaussian kernel density estimation was used to estimate the probability density function of background intensity. Pixel's neighbor information was considered to remove noise due to camera jitter and small motion in the scene. The hue-max-min-diff color information was used to detect and suppress moving cast shadows. The effectiveness of the proposed method in the foreground segmentation was demonstrated in the traffic surveillance application.

NOVEL GREY DECISION MAKING MODEL AND ITS NUMERICAL SIMULATION

A grey multi-stage decision making method is proposed for a type of grey multi-index decision problems with weighted values completely unknown and attributes as interval grey numbers. Firstly, a method for compar- ing two grey numbers based on probability is developed to calculate weighted values of the attributes. Secondly, the experts＇ evaluation scores for attribute values are presented in terms of internal grey numbers. Finally, a weight solving method for multiple-stages evaluation is proposed. An example analysis verifies the availability of the proposed method. The method provides a new way of thinking for solving grey decision problem.

Visualization of uncertainty associated with spatial prediction of continuous variables using HSI color model:a case study of prediction of pH for topsoil in peri-urban Beijing,China

Hue-Saturation-Intensity （HSI） color model, a psychologically appealing color model, was employed to visualize uncertainty represented by relative prediction error based on the case of spatial prediction of pH of topsoil in the peri-urban Beijing. A two-dimensional legend was designed to accompany the visualization-vertical axis （hues） for visualizing the predicted values and horizontal axis （whiteness） for visualizing the prediction error. Moreover, different ways of visualizing uncertainty were briefly reviewed in this paper. This case study indicated that visualization of both predictions and prediction uncertainty offered a possibility to enhance visual exploration of the data uncertainty and to compare different prediction methods or predictions of totally different variables. The whitish region of the visualization map can be simply interpreted as unsatisfactory prediction results, where may need additional samples or more suitable prediction models for a better prediction results.

ENTROPY MEASUREMENT OF INTERVAL GREY SEQUENCE AND ITS APPLICATION

The uncertainty measurement method for grey information theory and the metric formula are established, and its application in decision-making is researched. The entropy measurement of grey sequence based on the limited interval grey number sequence is different from the Shannon probability entropy. The measurement formula of grey number and its properties are studied, such as the invariance, the applicable conditions, and the grey entropy of union and intersection of two grey numbers, and so on. Finally, the algorithm for interval grey sequence and an example are given to show the effectiveness of the method.

Discussion on Planning of Overall Urban Agriculture Park

The urban agriculture park plan involves urban plan, agricultural plan, eco- logical plan, tourism plan and land plan, which can be further divided into strategic plan, general plan and detail plan to explore related issues. With social develop- ment, urban agricultural park is playing an increasingly important role in promoting agricultural and rural development, protecting nearby area farmlands and maintaining sustainable development, as well as an important part of government research. Based on status quo of urban agricultural park in China, basic characters were summarized and frameworks of urban agricultural park with Chinese characteristics were proposed, including early-stage research, prospect exploration, spatial planning, industry planning and guarantees, of which spatial planning and industry planning are highlights.

NOVEL GENERALIZED GREY INCIDENCE MODEL BASED ON INTERVAL GREY NUMBERS

To extend the traditional generalized grey incidence model, a novel grey incidence model based on inter- val grey numbers is constructed. Considering the numerical information of indexes cannot be accurately obtained and can be defined as interval grey numbers, the interval grey numbers are defined as standard interval grey num- bers which are split in white part and grey part. The absolute degree of incidence and relative degree of incidence based on the interval grey numbers are constructed and their arithmetic are given. Finally, an example about commercial aircraft index selection illuminates the effectiveness of the model. The results show that the model can sort indexes better and can extend the grey incidence models significantly.

MULTIVARIATE ABSOLUTE DEGREE OF GREY INCIDENCE BASED ON DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF POINTS

The analysis result of absolute degree of grey incidence for multivariate time series is often inconsistent with the qualitative analysis. To overcome this shortage, a multivariate absolute degree of grey incidence based on distribution characteristics of points is proposed. Based on the geometric description of multivariate time se- ries, the neighborhood extrema are extracted in the different regions, and a characteristic point set is constructed. Then according to the distribution of the characteristic point set, a characteristic point sequence reflecting the ge- ometric features of multivariate time series is obtained. The incidence analysis between multivariate time series is transformed into the relational analysis between characteristic point sequences, and a grey incidence model is established. The model possesses the properties of translational invariance, transpose and rank transform invari- ance, and satisfies the grey incidence analysis axioms. Finally, two cases are studied and the results prove the ef- fectiveness of the model.

Color control of the multi-color printing device

Conventional color-printing systems often use inks of three hues, such as CMY, CMYK and CMYKLcLm, but in order to obtain more realistic color reproductions, the ink set of more than three hues has been adopted by some color-printing systems. It is difficult, however, to model the composed color with the multiple inks when the number of the output ink hues exceeds three due to the none-unique mapping between the color spaces of the CIE Lab and the multi-color printing device. In this paper, we propose a fine color-printing method for multi-color printing device with the ink set of more than three hues. The proposed approach has good color expression ability and provides fine control of the printed color. By dividing the output color space into several subspaces, our method allows one-to-one mapping between the standard color space and the multi-color output color space. It has been proved effective when applied to the digital inkjet printer—Mutoh8000.

Spiral Waves and Multiple Spatial Coherence Resonances Induced by Colored Noise in Neuronal Network

Gaussian colored noise induced spatial patterns and spatial coherence resonances in a square lattice neuronal network composed of Morris-Lecar neurons are studied.Each neuron is at resting state near a saddle-node bifurcation on invariant circle,coupled to its nearest neighbors by electronic coupling.Spiral waves with different structures and disordered spatial structures can be alternately induced within a large range of noise intensity.By calculating spatial structure function and signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),it is found that SNR values are higher when the spiral structures are simple and are lower when the spatial patterns are complex or disordered,respectively.SNR manifest multiple local maximal peaks,indicating that the colored noise can induce multiple spatial coherence resonances.The maximal SNR values decrease as the correlation time of the noise increases.These results not only provide an example of multiple resonances,but also show that Gaussian colored noise play constructive roles in neuronal network.

Features of human skin in HSV color space and new recognition parameter

Features of human skin in HSV color space are widely applied in the area of image retrieval based on content. H is selected as the basic recognition parameter because its value has a narrow range for the skin color and can keep stable while the illumination intensity or the curvature of skin surface is changing. Rules of parameters with the change of illumination in HSV color space are studied. It is firstly found that the mean of saturation and value (S+V)/2 can keep stable when the illumination intensity is changed or the skin surface is inflected, and (S+V)/2 changes with skin color, but the tendency of change is contrary to that of H. Therefore, (S+V)/H can be used as a new recognition parameter which can enhance HSV ability to recognize human skin.

Incoherently Coupled Grey-Grey Spatial Soliton Pairs in Biased Two-Photon Photovoltaic Photorefractive Crystals

The incoherently coupled grey-grey screening-photovoltaic spatial soliton pairs are predicted in biased two-photon photovoltaic photorefractive crystals under steady-state conditions. These grey-grey screening-photovoltaic soliton pairs can be established provided that the incident beams have the same polarization, wavelength, and are mutually incoherent. The grey-grey screening-photovoltaic soliton pairs can be considered as the united form of grey- grey screening soliton pairs and open or closed-circuit grey-grey photovoltaic soliton pairs.