在“阅·读”中探讨小学数学解题能力的培养

培养学生的解题能力一直是小学数学教学的一项重难点,而如何在“阅·读”中帮助学生提升解题能力更是一个长期探索的过程。对于学生而言,“阅·读”可以帮助他们在培养解题能力的过程中综合运用各类知识,发展自身的思维。对于教师来说,如何帮助学生正确理解和解答实际问题则是数学教学活动中的一个关键。文章主要探讨如何在“阅·读”中提升小学数学解题能力,并结合具体案例进行分析。

“阅·读”助力小学数学概念教学

概念教学是小学数学教学的核心内容之一,学好数学概念对于后续学习其他知识起着至关重要的作用。文章将“阅·读”引入小学数学概念教学,试图通过“阅·读”助力学生对于数学概念的深刻理解,发展学生的数学思维。

经历“阅·读”活动,培养学生数感

随着科学技术的不断发展,数学已广泛地应用于社会生产劳动和日常生活中。数学教学的目的不能只停留在教会学生解数学题目,还要培养学生的数感,提升学生的数学素养,使其成长为适应社会发展的合格公民。本文将“阅·读”与数学教学相融合,让学生经历“阅·读”,从中发现数学知识的本质,帮助学生形成数感,全面提升学生的数学核心素养。

“阅·读”课程助力内涵新发展

江苏省常州市武进区牛塘中心小学不断寻找突破口,以培养学生核心素养为目标,全面提高学科关键能力。该校以"五小"课程为逻辑起点,寻找儿童成长规律和春夏秋冬四季节律的契合度,深度解读"阅读"内涵,探索既丰盈文化底蕴,又厚积人生阅历的"阅·读"课程。

元认知策略对高中英语阅读作用的研究设计与总结

During the past few decades, there has been a shift in the focus of language research, from how to teach to how to learn. And among so many learning strategies, metacognitive strategies have gradually aroused researchers＇ attention. However, in China. there is a lack of studies on the application of metacognitive strategies in English reading, especially those conducted towards high school students. The present thesis introduces metacognitive strategies and its application in English reading of senior high school, which is based on the analysis of the current status of reading teaching and learning.

Text Difficulty,Working Memory Capacity and Mind Wandering During Chinese EFL Learners’Reading

This experimental study investigated how text difficulty and different working memory capacity(WMC)affected Chinese EFL learners’reading comprehension and their tendency to engage in task-unrelated thoughts,that is,mind wandering(MW),in the course of reading.Sixty first-year university non-English majors participated in the study.A two-factor mixed experimental design of 2(text difficulty:difficult and simple)×2(WMC:high/large and low/small)was employed.Results revealed that 1)the main and interaction effects of WMC and text difficulty on voluntary MW were significant,whereas those on involuntary MW were not;2)while reading the easy texts,the involuntary MW of high-WMC individuals was less frequent than that of low-WMC ones,whereas while reading the difficult ones,the direct relationship between WMC and involuntary MW was not found;and that 3)high-WMC individuals had a lower overall rate of MW and better reading performance than low-WMC individuals did,but with increasing text difficulty,their rates of overall MW and voluntary MW were getting higher and higher,and the reading performance was getting lower and lower.These results lend support to WM theory and have pedagogical implications for the instruction of L2 reading.

人体降温服在高温矿井的应用现状与发展方向

在井下高温高湿的环境中长期工作,不仅危害矿工的身体健康,还易导致井下事故的发生,针对这一现状,可采用人体降温服作为个体降温装置。对现有的降温服技术及其发展情况进行了总结,根据冷却介质的不同,将其分为风冷式降温服、液冷式降温服、相变降温服、半导体降温服以及化学冰袋降温服;讨论了各种降温服的工作原理、优缺点以及在井下使用的可行性;展望了人体降温服在今后的发展方向。

多天线频谱共享CR-NOMA系统安全中断性能分析

认知无线电(CR)非正交多址接入(NOMA)网络(记为CR-NOMA)已是无线通信领域的研究热点之一。由于无线信道的开放性,使得无线网络的安全通信成为当前急需解决的问题。该文研究了频谱共享多天线CR-NOMA网络安全中断性能,首先分析了最优天线选择(OAS)方案的安全中断概率(SOP),并推导了其精确的闭合表达式。其次,分析了空时传输(STT)方案的SOP,并推导了其精确的闭合表达式。最后,对次用户两种方案的SOP渐近性能进行了分析,揭示了系统参数对SOP的影响。最后,采用Monte Carlo仿真验证了理论分析的正确性。研究发现,两种方案基站分别存在一个最优峰值发射功率,使得远距离次用户的安全中断性能最佳。仿真结果表明增大基站峰值发射功率,OAS方案的近距离次用户的SOP会始终优于STT方案,远距离次用户的SOP会劣于STT方案。

Analysis and Design of a Quadrature Down-Conversion Mixer for UHF RFID Readers

A quadrature mixer with a shared transconductor stage is analyzed,including voltage conversion gain, linearity, noise figure, and image rejection. The analysis indicates it has better performance than a conventional Gilbert mixer pair in commutating mode. A quadrature down-conversion mixer based on this topology is designed and optimized for an ultra high frequency RFID reader. Operating in the 915MHz ISM band, the presented quadrature mixer measures a conversion gain of 12.5dB,an IIP3 of 10dBm, an IIP2 of 58dBm, and an SSB noise figure of 17.6riB. The chip was fabricated in a 0. 18μm 1P6M RF CMOS process and consumes only 3mA of current from a 1.8V power supply.

Cognitive Metaphor for English-major Vocabulary and Reading Teaching

This paper makes an analysis of the cognitive nature of metaphor, expounds the view that metaphor is the necessity of cognitive process of vocabulary and reading teaching, especially for the English major. By employing some typical examples from the English-major textbooks, it advances how to train and raise specific teaching ways by utilizing metaphorical thinking.

Study on the relationship between English reading and writing

Reading and writing are input and output respectively. The relation between reading and writing is closely related. Reading is the preparation for good writing. And writing theory or law can provide readers some clues for better understanding. The relation between reading and writing can help our English teaching in and out class. Also the way of thinking influences our reading and writing.

Transitivity Analysis and Critical Reading

Transitivity system is one of the frequently used analytical tools in critical linguistics. It has often been considered as a useful analytical model, and employed both in stylistics and critical linguistics. This paper briefly introduces the transitivity model and its applications within critical linguistics based on the analysis of an article of media discourse, and aims to raise readers＇ critical language awareness to improve their critical reading ability.

Linguistic knowledge and reading comprehension

The human beings can express the outside world and their mental feelings by languages, they know the materials＇ nature by comparing with their similarities. The languages are not only tools in understanding,communication and thinking, but also one element of the cultures. Thinking is a kind of abstract skill, and the language is the vehicle of thinking, through which people can understand the human beings＇ thinking methods and cultural characters. The languages are decided by the culture. Reading comprehension is the readers＇ own behavior, during which the schema plays a key role and readers must combine the new information with their former cultural knowledge, rebuilding the new information so as to understand the deep meanings of the articles.

Developing reading skills on the basis of embodied philosophy： Take ＂experiencing English＂ as an example

Language teaching is a highly complex phenomenon so that it is closely related with philosophy of education, theoretical linguistics and cognitive science. The language system is constructed by adopting a series of cognitive strategies within human beings＇ experiences. On the basis of outlook of experience, reading and comprehension can be regarded as a process of prediction, perception, reasoning and retrieving, in which the reader is an experiencing individual. Thus, experience is a clue in the reading process.

An investigation of the effect of L2 proficiency and topic familiarity on L2 Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition： An empirical study based on theory of interactive reading

Based on the interactive theory of reading, this study mainly explored the etlects ot topic familiarity and second language proficiency on IVA （Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition） of second language through reading. By using two different measures （translation production and selection）, this study found： （1） Vocabulary can be acquired incidentally in reading passages; （2） There are no significant interactive effects of topic familiarity and second language proficiency on vocabulary acquisition, but the two independent variables of topic familiarity and second language proficiency exerted their positively significant effect on incidental vocabulary acquisition, and （3） As for the two vocabulary measures, learners can acquire more words in translation selection than in translation production.

Generation of iPS cells using defined factors linked via the self-cleaving 2A sequences in a single open reading frame

Generation of induced pluripotent stem （iPS） cells from somatic cells has been achieved successfully by simultaneous viral transduction of defined reprogramming transcription factors （TFs）. However, the process requires multiple viral vectors for gene delivery. As a result, generated iPS cells harbor numerous viral integration sites in their genomes. This can increase the probability of gene mutagenesis and genomic instability, and present significant barriers to both research and clinical application studies of iPS cells. In this paper, we present a simple lentivirus reprogramming system in which defined factors are fused in-frame into a single open reading frame （ORF） via self-cleaving 2A sequences. A GFP marker is placed downstream of the transgene to enable tracking of transgene expression. We demonstrate that this polycistronic expression system efficiently generates iPS cells. The generated iPS cells have normal karyotypes and are similar to mouse embryonic stem cells in morphology and gene expression. Moreover, they can differentiate into cell types of the three embryonic germ layers in both in vitro and in vivo assays. Remarkably, most of these iPS cells only harbor a single copy of viral vector. This system provides a valuable tool for generation of iPS cells, and our data suggest that the balance of expression of transduced reprogramming TFs in each cell is essential for the reprogramming process. More importantly, when delivered by non-integrating gene-delivery systems, this re-engineered single ORF will facilitate efficient generation of human iPS cells free of genetic modifications.

Channel Estimation and Throughput Evaluation for 5G Wireless Communication Systems in Various Scenarios on High Speed Railways

The fifth generation （5G） wireless communication is currently a hot research topic and wireless communication systems on high speed railways （HSR） are important applications of 5G technologies. Existing stud- ies about 5G wireless systems on high speed railways （HSR） often utilize ideal channel parameters and are usually based on simple scenarios. In this paper, we evaluate the down- link throughput of 5G HSR communication systems on three typical scenarios including urban, cutting and viaduct with three different channel estimators. The channel parameters of each scenario are generated with tapped delay line （TDL） models through ray-tracing sim- ulations, which can be considered as a good match to practical situations. The channel estimators including least square （LS）, linear minimum mean square error （LMMSE）, and our proposed historical information based ba- sis expansion model （HiBEM）. We analyze the performance of the HiBEM estimator in terms of mean square error （MSE） and evaluate the system throughputs with different channel estimates over each scenario. Simulation results are then provided to corroborate our proposed studies. It is shown that our HiBEM estimator outperforms other estimators and that the sys-tem throughput can reach the highest point in the viaduct scenario.

Expression of putative zinc-finger protein lcn61 gene in lymphocystis disease virus China (LCDV-cn) genome

An open reading frame (lcn61) of lymphocystis disease virus China (LCDV-cn), probably responsible for encoding putative zinc-finger proteins was amplified and inserted into pET24a (+) vector. Then it expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3), and His-tag fusion protein of high yield was obtained. It was found that the fusion protein existed in E. coli mainly as inclusion bodies. The bioinformatics analysis indicates that LCN61 is C2H2 type zinc-finger protein containing four C2H2 zinc-finger motifs. This work provides a theory for functional research of lcn61 gene.

Human endogenous retroviruses and cancer:Causality and therapeutic possibilities

A substantial part of the human genome is derived from transposable elements;remnants of ancient retroviral infections.Conservative estimates set the percentage of human endogenous retroviruses(HERVs) in the genome at 8%.For the most part,the interplay between mutations,epigenetic mechanisms and posttranscriptional regulations silence HERVs in somatic cells.We first highlight mechanisms by which activation of members of several HERV families may be associated with tumor development before discussing the arising chances for both diagnosis and therapy.It has been shown that at least in some cases,tumor cells expressing HERV open reading frames(ORFs) thus gain tumor-promoting functions.However,since these proteins are not expressed in healthy tissues,they become prime target structures.Of potential pharmacological interest are the prevention of HERV transposition,the inhibition of HERV-encoded protein expression and the interference with these proteins' activities.Evidence from recent studies unequivocally proves that HERV ORFs represent a very interesting source of novel tumor-specific antigens with even the potential to surpass entity boundaries.The development of new tumor(immune-) therapies is a very active field and true tumor-specific targets are of outstanding interest since they minimize the risk of autoimmunity and could reduce side effects.Finally,we postulate on main future research streams in order to stimulate discussion on this hot topic.

Human Cytomegalovirus UL138 Open Reading Frame Is Highly Conserved in Clinical Strains

Objective To investigate the variability of human cytomegalovirus （HCMV） UL138 open reading frame （ORF） in clinical strains. Methods HCMV UL138 ORF was amplified by polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and PCR amplification products were sequenced directly, and the data were analyzed in 19 clinical strains. Results LIL138 ORF in all 30 clinical strains was amplified successfully. Compared with that of Toledo strain, the nucleotide and amino acid sequence identifies of LIL138 ORF in all strains were 97.41% to 99.41% and 98.24% to 99.42%, respectively. All of the nucleofide mutations were substitutions. The spatial structure and post-translational modification sites of HL138 encoded proteins were conserved. The result of phylogenetic tree showed that HCMV HL138 sequence variations were not definitely related with different clinical symptoms. Conclusion HCMV UL138 ORF in clinical strains is high conservation, which might be helpful for UL138 encoded protein to play a role in latent infection of HCMV.