John Gottfried von Herder is a very influential German philosopher, linguist and translation theorist. His translation works and theories exert profound impact on translation theories not only in Germany but also in t...John Gottfried von Herder is a very influential German philosopher, linguist and translation theorist. His translation works and theories exert profound impact on translation theories not only in Germany but also in the whole west countries. This paper aims at briefly introducing Herder＇s translation theories to have a thorough understanding of Herder as a translation theorist.展开更多
This paper attempts to offer scholarly insight into the reasons why creative treason is unavoldaole in literary translation with theoretical support from translation skopos, descriptive translation studies, hermeneuti...This paper attempts to offer scholarly insight into the reasons why creative treason is unavoldaole in literary translation with theoretical support from translation skopos, descriptive translation studies, hermeneutics and linguistic analysis. Meanwhile, the author pointed out that the target text should be analyzed from various angles and more attention should be attached to the mutual influence between the source text and the target text.展开更多
Based on the discussion of the connation of parataxis in English, this thesis explores how parataxis appears in different varieties in English, social, situational and functional, with the emphasis on the parataxis in...Based on the discussion of the connation of parataxis in English, this thesis explores how parataxis appears in different varieties in English, social, situational and functional, with the emphasis on the parataxis in functional varieties, which is further classified into economical parataxis and aesthetic parataxis. Pragmatically, parataxis in social varieties is used unconsciously, in functional varieties, consciously, so as to achieve linguistic brevity or aesthetic values, and in situational varieties, moderately consciously.展开更多
The way written hanyu （language of China＇s Han people; Chinese） forms its characters places a high value on intuition, openness and sharing. ＂Publicness＂ is an essential characteristic of chanshi 阐述 and this at...The way written hanyu （language of China＇s Han people; Chinese） forms its characters places a high value on intuition, openness and sharing. ＂Publicness＂ is an essential characteristic of chanshi 阐述 and this attests to our argument. The chan 阐 in chanshi 阐述 （free interpretation） and the quan in quanshi 诠释 （exegesis） have profound philosophical and historical sources. The openness and publicness of chan 阐 seek outwardness, explicitness and clarity, holding firmly to the basic claims of dialogue and negotiation, thus containing some brilliant and constructive ideas to the cutting edge of contemporary hermeneutics. Quan 诠 is oriented toward the real, the detailed, the full and the demonstrable, qualities that look to the thing in itself, and it holds firmly to moving from textual research to meaning and significance; it shines forth in the national spirit of seeking truth. There were two approaches to hermeneutics in ancient China： one stressed the quan 诠 of research on ancient texts, the other the chan 阐 of intent. Each has its merits, and the two are compatible. With Chinese discourse as the mainstay, classical hermeneutics as a resource, and contemporary Western hermeneutics as a reference, we can use comparison, selection and the ascertaining of meaning to start from concepts and go on to categories, and then to propositions followed by schemata and thence to systems, finally realizing the modern metamorphosis of the views and theories of traditional hermeneutics, establishing a contemporary Chinese hermeneutics that highlights Chinese concepts, thought and theories.展开更多
Taking the genesis of the ancient characters as a starting point and clarifying the approach to the development of hermeneutics in ancient China by examining the original forms of the relevant Chinese characters may p...Taking the genesis of the ancient characters as a starting point and clarifying the approach to the development of hermeneutics in ancient China by examining the original forms of the relevant Chinese characters may provide a reliable philological basis for the overall construction of contemporary Chinese hermeneutics.Chanshi阐释is a process that starts with jie解,goes through quan诠and then reaches chan阐,fulfilling the highest goal of chan.Jie means to dismantle an object by means of external force;it remains at the level of fen(分split)and lacks an overall grasp.At all events,such interpretations must be precise;they are not chanshi.Quan is philological research on the original form underlying phenomena;it seeks precision,completeness and authenticity.The representation of the original forms underlying phenomena should follow quan as a standard.Chan means the interpretation of Yi Li(义理argumentation),seeking for enlargement and expansion on the basis of the original form,i.e.,the derived meaning.The aim and meaning of chan converge and are fulfilled right here.To put it simply,chan starts with jie,and is established on the basis of fen;quan begins with jie,and is zheng(正verified or finalized)in accordance with philological research;and quan must give rise to chan,in the great opening up of meanings.Jie means fen,quan means zheng,and chan means yan(衍spread out).Going from jie to quan,and thence from quan to chan,the entire course of chan is finished and it reaches the final aim.Chan arises from and realizes jie and quan.Deeply investigating the meaning of jieshi,especially the original meaning of the monosyllables jie and shi,and comparing them with the meanings and usages of chan and quan,we find that it is necessary and sufficient to select chanshixue阐释学rather than quanshixue诠释学,or still less jieshixue解释学,as the appellation of contemporary Chinese hermeneutics.展开更多
In ancient China,the morphemes li理and xing性were monosyllables,and both literally and semantically,their signifiers and signified greatly differed from lixing理性(reason)as a holistic concept in the sense of pragmati...In ancient China,the morphemes li理and xing性were monosyllables,and both literally and semantically,their signifiers and signified greatly differed from lixing理性(reason)as a holistic concept in the sense of pragmatics.The concept of li in Chinese culture was the principle of practical reason,and the intuitive expression of practical wisdom;reason in the West is a theoretical reason,the logical expression of theoretical wisdom.The concept of xing in ancient China strictly delimited human nature and biological properties;for li理and de德within the concept of xing,what was more important was the ethical and value meanings embodied in xing that highlighted man’s conscious moral pursuit.The xing of ancient China can be taken to be ethical.The discrimination and analysis of li and xing in ancient China,and the discrimination and analysis of li in ancient China and lixing or reason in the present,provide new clues for the construction of a hermeneutic theory and system.In view of the original meaning of li in the East,interpretation starts from xing,proceeds in light of li,and reveals the origin of xing;respecting the original meaning of li(principle)in the West,hermeneutics starts with principles and sets to work with analysis,featuring synthetization.Oriental practical wisdom and Occidental theoretical reason complement,refer to and are integrated with each other,revealing the full value and meaning of interpretation,and approaching the cognition of truth in endless reflection.Following the cultural and philosophical tradition of ancient China while referring to Western philosophy and its method of reason can serve as an important ground for the basic rules of contemporary hermeneutics.展开更多
The stochastic resource allocation(SRA) problem is an extensive class of combinatorial optimization problems widely existing in complex systems such as communication networks and unmanned systems. In SRA, the ability ...The stochastic resource allocation(SRA) problem is an extensive class of combinatorial optimization problems widely existing in complex systems such as communication networks and unmanned systems. In SRA, the ability of a resource to complete a task is described by certain probability,and the objective is to maximize the reward by appropriately assigning available resources to different tasks. This paper is aimed at an important branch of SRA, that is, stochastic SRA(SSRA) for which the probability for resources to complete tasks is also uncertain. Firstly, a general SSRA model with multiple independent uncertain parameters(GSSRA-MIUP) is built to formulate the problem. Then,a scenario-based reformulation which can address multi-source uncertainties is proposed to facilitate the problem-solving process. Secondly, in view of the superiority of the differential evolution algorithm in real-valued optimization, a discrete version of this algorithm was originally proposed and further combined with a specialized local search to create an efficient hybrid optimizer. The hybrid algorithm is compared with the discrete differential evolution algorithm, a pure random sampling method, as well as a restart local search method. Experimental results show that the proposed hybrid optimizer has obvious advantages in solving GSSRA-MIUP problems.展开更多
文摘John Gottfried von Herder is a very influential German philosopher, linguist and translation theorist. His translation works and theories exert profound impact on translation theories not only in Germany but also in the whole west countries. This paper aims at briefly introducing Herder＇s translation theories to have a thorough understanding of Herder as a translation theorist.
文摘This paper attempts to offer scholarly insight into the reasons why creative treason is unavoldaole in literary translation with theoretical support from translation skopos, descriptive translation studies, hermeneutics and linguistic analysis. Meanwhile, the author pointed out that the target text should be analyzed from various angles and more attention should be attached to the mutual influence between the source text and the target text.
文摘Based on the discussion of the connation of parataxis in English, this thesis explores how parataxis appears in different varieties in English, social, situational and functional, with the emphasis on the parataxis in functional varieties, which is further classified into economical parataxis and aesthetic parataxis. Pragmatically, parataxis in social varieties is used unconsciously, in functional varieties, consciously, so as to achieve linguistic brevity or aesthetic values, and in situational varieties, moderately consciously.
文摘The way written hanyu （language of China＇s Han people; Chinese） forms its characters places a high value on intuition, openness and sharing. ＂Publicness＂ is an essential characteristic of chanshi 阐述 and this attests to our argument. The chan 阐 in chanshi 阐述 （free interpretation） and the quan in quanshi 诠释 （exegesis） have profound philosophical and historical sources. The openness and publicness of chan 阐 seek outwardness, explicitness and clarity, holding firmly to the basic claims of dialogue and negotiation, thus containing some brilliant and constructive ideas to the cutting edge of contemporary hermeneutics. Quan 诠 is oriented toward the real, the detailed, the full and the demonstrable, qualities that look to the thing in itself, and it holds firmly to moving from textual research to meaning and significance; it shines forth in the national spirit of seeking truth. There were two approaches to hermeneutics in ancient China： one stressed the quan 诠 of research on ancient texts, the other the chan 阐 of intent. Each has its merits, and the two are compatible. With Chinese discourse as the mainstay, classical hermeneutics as a resource, and contemporary Western hermeneutics as a reference, we can use comparison, selection and the ascertaining of meaning to start from concepts and go on to categories, and then to propositions followed by schemata and thence to systems, finally realizing the modern metamorphosis of the views and theories of traditional hermeneutics, establishing a contemporary Chinese hermeneutics that highlights Chinese concepts, thought and theories.
基金This essay is the author’s third discussion of public interpretation.For the first,see Zhang Jiang,“Distinguishing‘Chan’and‘Quan’:A Discussion of the Publicness of Chanshi”for the second,see“Distinguishing between‘Li’and‘Xing.’”。
文摘Taking the genesis of the ancient characters as a starting point and clarifying the approach to the development of hermeneutics in ancient China by examining the original forms of the relevant Chinese characters may provide a reliable philological basis for the overall construction of contemporary Chinese hermeneutics.Chanshi阐释is a process that starts with jie解,goes through quan诠and then reaches chan阐,fulfilling the highest goal of chan.Jie means to dismantle an object by means of external force;it remains at the level of fen(分split)and lacks an overall grasp.At all events,such interpretations must be precise;they are not chanshi.Quan is philological research on the original form underlying phenomena;it seeks precision,completeness and authenticity.The representation of the original forms underlying phenomena should follow quan as a standard.Chan means the interpretation of Yi Li(义理argumentation),seeking for enlargement and expansion on the basis of the original form,i.e.,the derived meaning.The aim and meaning of chan converge and are fulfilled right here.To put it simply,chan starts with jie,and is established on the basis of fen;quan begins with jie,and is zheng(正verified or finalized)in accordance with philological research;and quan must give rise to chan,in the great opening up of meanings.Jie means fen,quan means zheng,and chan means yan(衍spread out).Going from jie to quan,and thence from quan to chan,the entire course of chan is finished and it reaches the final aim.Chan arises from and realizes jie and quan.Deeply investigating the meaning of jieshi,especially the original meaning of the monosyllables jie and shi,and comparing them with the meanings and usages of chan and quan,we find that it is necessary and sufficient to select chanshixue阐释学rather than quanshixue诠释学,or still less jieshixue解释学,as the appellation of contemporary Chinese hermeneutics.
文摘In ancient China,the morphemes li理and xing性were monosyllables,and both literally and semantically,their signifiers and signified greatly differed from lixing理性(reason)as a holistic concept in the sense of pragmatics.The concept of li in Chinese culture was the principle of practical reason,and the intuitive expression of practical wisdom;reason in the West is a theoretical reason,the logical expression of theoretical wisdom.The concept of xing in ancient China strictly delimited human nature and biological properties;for li理and de德within the concept of xing,what was more important was the ethical and value meanings embodied in xing that highlighted man’s conscious moral pursuit.The xing of ancient China can be taken to be ethical.The discrimination and analysis of li and xing in ancient China,and the discrimination and analysis of li in ancient China and lixing or reason in the present,provide new clues for the construction of a hermeneutic theory and system.In view of the original meaning of li in the East,interpretation starts from xing,proceeds in light of li,and reveals the origin of xing;respecting the original meaning of li(principle)in the West,hermeneutics starts with principles and sets to work with analysis,featuring synthetization.Oriental practical wisdom and Occidental theoretical reason complement,refer to and are integrated with each other,revealing the full value and meaning of interpretation,and approaching the cognition of truth in endless reflection.Following the cultural and philosophical tradition of ancient China while referring to Western philosophy and its method of reason can serve as an important ground for the basic rules of contemporary hermeneutics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.71361130011
文摘The stochastic resource allocation(SRA) problem is an extensive class of combinatorial optimization problems widely existing in complex systems such as communication networks and unmanned systems. In SRA, the ability of a resource to complete a task is described by certain probability,and the objective is to maximize the reward by appropriately assigning available resources to different tasks. This paper is aimed at an important branch of SRA, that is, stochastic SRA(SSRA) for which the probability for resources to complete tasks is also uncertain. Firstly, a general SSRA model with multiple independent uncertain parameters(GSSRA-MIUP) is built to formulate the problem. Then,a scenario-based reformulation which can address multi-source uncertainties is proposed to facilitate the problem-solving process. Secondly, in view of the superiority of the differential evolution algorithm in real-valued optimization, a discrete version of this algorithm was originally proposed and further combined with a specialized local search to create an efficient hybrid optimizer. The hybrid algorithm is compared with the discrete differential evolution algorithm, a pure random sampling method, as well as a restart local search method. Experimental results show that the proposed hybrid optimizer has obvious advantages in solving GSSRA-MIUP problems.
