[Objective] We aimed to investigate the preventive and therapeutical effect of compound of traditional Chinese drugs （Japanese raisintree fruit, lobed kudzuvine flower bud and lightyel ow sophora root） on acute alc...[Objective] We aimed to investigate the preventive and therapeutical effect of compound of traditional Chinese drugs （Japanese raisintree fruit, lobed kudzuvine flower bud and lightyel ow sophora root） on acute alcohol intoxication in mice. [Method] Acute alcohol intoxication was induced by administering alcohol to mice. Three different doses （low, middle and high） of compound of traditional Chinese drugs were administered to mice before and after administering alcohol respectively to investigate the preventive and therapeutical effect of drugs on acute alcohol intox-ication through doing statistical analysis about drunk mice and their sleeping time. The concentration of malondialdehyde （MDA）, reduced glutathione （GSH） and triglyc-erides （TG） in liver was also determined to investigate the protective effect of drugs on liver. [Result] The efficacy of compound of traditional Chinese drugs on acute al-cohol intoxication was dose-dependent. High-dose administration decreased the number of drunk mice significantly compared with control group; middle- and high-dose administration reduced the sleeping time of drunk mice and the concentration of MDA and TG in liver tissue; three doses al increased the concentration of GSH. [Conclusion] The compound of Japanese raisintree fruit, lobed kudzuvine flower bud and lightyel ow sophora root had preventive and therapeutical effect on hangover, and it also had certain preventive and therapeutical effect on liver damage caused by alcohol.展开更多
Background Influenza vaccination has been clinically shown to reduce adverse cardiovascular outcomes in acute coronary syndrome （ACS） patients, but the economic perspectives can provide important data to make inform...Background Influenza vaccination has been clinically shown to reduce adverse cardiovascular outcomes in acute coronary syndrome （ACS） patients, but the economic perspectives can provide important data to make informed decisions. This study aimed to perform the economic evaluation of lifelong annual influenza vaccination for cardiovascular events and well-established pneumonia prevention. Methods Lifetime costs, life-expectancy, and quality-adjusted live years （QALYs） were estimated beyond one-year cycle length of a six-health states Markov model condition on whether a hospitalization for ACS, stroke, heart failure, pneumonia, no hospitalizations occurred, or death. The comparison of three age-groups of 40-49, 50-65, and 〉 65 years scenario was performed. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio （ICER） and net monetary benefit （NMB） were presented as a societal perspective in 2016. The model robustness was determined by one-way and prob- abilistic sensitivity analyses. Results The influenza vaccination was cost-effective in all age-groups, by dominant ICERs （lower cost with higher effectiveness） which was completely lower than acceptable willingness-to-pay threshold of Thailand [160,000 THB （4,466.8 USD） per QALYs], with a great incremental value of NMB. Especially, the 50-year-old-and- above scenario was shown as the most benefit at 129,092 THB （3,603.9 USD） for each patient. Conclusions The annually additional influenza vaccination to standard treatment in ACS was cost-effective in all age-groups, which should be considered in clinical practice and health-policy making process.展开更多
Radiation colitis, an insidious, progressive disease of increasing frequency, develops 6 mo to 5 years after regional radiotherapy for malignancy, owing to the deleterious effects of the latter on the colon and the sm...Radiation colitis, an insidious, progressive disease of increasing frequency, develops 6 mo to 5 years after regional radiotherapy for malignancy, owing to the deleterious effects of the latter on the colon and the small intestine. When dealing with radiation colitis and its complications, the most conservative modality should be employed because the areas of intestinal injury do not tend to heal. Acute radiation colitis is mostly self-limited, and usually, only supportive management is required. Chronic radiation colitis, a poorly predictable progressive disease, is considered as a precancerous lesion; radiation-associated malignancy has a tendency to be diagnosed at an advanced stage and to bear a dismal prognosis. Therefore, management of chronic radiation colitis remains a major challenge owing to the progressive evolution of the disease, including development of fibrosis, endarteritis, edema, fragility, perforation, partial obstruction, and cancer. Patients are commonly managed conservatively. Surgical intervention is difficult to perform because of the extension of fibrosis and alterations in the gut and mesentery, and should be reserved for intestinal obstruction, perforation, fistulas, and severe bleeding. Owing to the difficulty in managing the complications of acute and chronic radiation colitis, particular attention should be focused onto the prevention strategies. Uncovering the fibrosis mechanisms and the molecular events underlying radiation bowel disease could lead to the introduction of new therapeutic and/or preventive approaches. A variety of novel, mostly experimental, agents have been used mainly as a prophylaxis, and improvements have been made in radiotherapy delivery, including techniques toreduce the amount of exposed intestine in the radiation field, as a critical strategy for prevention.展开更多
Emerging infectious diseases are an important problem in medicine,and many continue to pose a global threat.However,the management of new and emerging infections is usually difficult due to a lack of knowledge and too...Emerging infectious diseases are an important problem in medicine,and many continue to pose a global threat.However,the management of new and emerging infections is usually difficult due to a lack of knowledge and tools to address the problem.The use of Chinese medicine to manage new and emerging infectious diseases,however,has attracted significant attention.This brief article summarizes and discusses the use of Chinese medicine in the management of new and emerging infectious diseases.展开更多
Approximately 15,000-17,000 thousand people die worldwide in traffic accidents as a consequence of all types of injuries. This study has a descriptive nature. It is based on data obtained from archives including the t...Approximately 15,000-17,000 thousand people die worldwide in traffic accidents as a consequence of all types of injuries. This study has a descriptive nature. It is based on data obtained from archives including the treatment database of the Emergency Center. The period January 2009 to December 2012 has been considered for this research. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of fatal road traffic accidents in Pristine, Kosovo, and describe their determinants. The number of injured in traffic accidents who have sought emergency medical assistance in the Emergency Center from January 2009 to December 2012 is increasing significantly. It is concluded that except reasons mentioned above and among others, there also are the following factors： enormous increase of number of persons equipped with driving license, driving speeds above limits which are considered to be the primary cause of the road traffic accidents. These findings can serve as a basis for health care professionals and policymakers to create preventive measures for traffic accidents.展开更多
Acute pancreatitis is a common complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP).Pancreatic duct stent insertion after ERCP has been widely accepted as the standard of care for the prevention of thi...Acute pancreatitis is a common complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP).Pancreatic duct stent insertion after ERCP has been widely accepted as the standard of care for the prevention of this complication in high-risk patients.Unfortunately,the placement of pancreatic stents requires higher level of endoscopic expertise and is not always feasible due to anatomic considerations.Therefore,effective non-invasive pharmacologic prophylaxis remains appealing,particularly if it is inexpensive,easily administered,has a low risk side effect profile and is widely available.There have been multiple studies evaluating potential pharmacologic candidates for post-ERCP pancreatitis(PEP) prophylaxis,most of them yielding disappointing results.A recently published large,multicenter,randomized controlled trial reported that in high risk patients a single dose of rectal indomethacin administered immediately after the ERCP significantly decreased the incidence of PEP compare to placebo.展开更多
This paper discusses the use of Underground Metro stations and tunnels as protective structures in case of nuclear emergencies. Six lines are taken as a case study to investigate the use of their underground stations ...This paper discusses the use of Underground Metro stations and tunnels as protective structures in case of nuclear emergencies. Six lines are taken as a case study to investigate the use of their underground stations and tunnels. The research explains the structural design of Underground Metro and the necessary needs for hidden people inside Underground Metro used as shelters. The research investigates the calculations of the number of hidden persons inside Underground Metro used as shelters. A field study has been conducted to an Underground Metro station to detemaine the peaceful use and the emergency use of all basements of the station. Also, the field study aims to determine the existing spaces and the needed spaces of the Underground Metro station to dual--used as a nuclear shelter. Three Underground Metro stations have been selected and a field study has been conducted to determine the usages of these basements, the planning, general and design features for each one of them, and whether they can be used as protective structures for citizens in emergencies. These basements were compared for their protective factors. Also, their capacities for sheltering were calculated.展开更多
Alpine-cold regions are characterized as hypoxia,strong wind,heavy rain,cold climate,huge temperature difference between day and night,and vertical climate. All these make it difficult for an emergency rescue when a n...Alpine-cold regions are characterized as hypoxia,strong wind,heavy rain,cold climate,huge temperature difference between day and night,and vertical climate. All these make it difficult for an emergency rescue when a natural disaster such as earthquake happens. Based on the characteristics of emergency rescue in alpinecold region,several multifunctional protective equipments have been developed by the Quartermaster Equipment Institute of General Logistics Departmen(tGLD)of the Chinese People's Liberation Army(CPLA). These equipments are lightweight,durable and environment adaptable.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the role of prophylactic antibiotics in the reduction of mortality of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) patients, which is highly questioned by more and more randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and m...AIM: To investigate the role of prophylactic antibiotics in the reduction of mortality of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) patients, which is highly questioned by more and more randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and metaanalyses. METHODS: An updated meta-analysis was performed. RCTs comparing prophylactic antibiotics for SAP with control or placebo were included for meta-analysis. The mortality outcomes were pooled for estimation, and re-pooled estimation was performed by the sensitivity analysis of an ideal large-scale RCT. RESULTS: Currently available 11 RCTs were included. Subgroup analysis showed that there was significant reduction of mortality rate in the period before 2000, while no significant reduction in the period from 2000 [Risk Ratio, (RR ) = 1.01, P = 0.98]. Funnel plot indi-cated that there might be apparent publication bias in the period before 2000. Sensitivity analysis showed that the RR of mortality rate ranged from 0.77 to 1.00 with a relatively narrow confidence interval (P < 0.05). However, the number needed to treat having a minor lower limit of the range (7-5096 patients) implied that certain SAP patients could still potentially prevent death by antibiotic prophylaxis. CONCLUSION: Current evidences do not support prophylactic antibiotics as a routine treatment for SAP, but the potentially benefited sub-population requires further investigations.展开更多
Basketball has always been loved by the majority of high school students, especially after compulsory education improved school basketball venues and facilities to make basketball an unprecedented development, because...Basketball has always been loved by the majority of high school students, especially after compulsory education improved school basketball venues and facilities to make basketball an unprecedented development, because basketball is a very physical confrontational sport, so the student damage occurring in the course of basketball movement is the more common case, which affects not only the physical development of middle school students, but also affects the popularity of basketball in this project. How to do active in basketball injury prevention, learning first aid knowledge after injury, will be beneficial in the school＇ s basketball further popularization and development.展开更多
Objective To assess whether the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） target value and preventive effect of statins are different between elderly and younger patients. Methods We investigated 304 patients with...Objective To assess whether the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） target value and preventive effect of statins are different between elderly and younger patients. Methods We investigated 304 patients with previous percutaneous coronary intervention who underwent coronary angiography from January 2007 to December 2016 for examination of recurrent ischemia beyond the early restenosis. Patients were classified into two groups： age ≥ 75 years （elderly group： n = 140） and 〈 75 years （younger group： n = 164）. Relationships between the achieved LDL-C level, incidence of late coronary events, and the effectiveness of statins were evaluated. Results During follow-up, 179 patients underwent late coronary revascularization. Recurrent ischemia presenting as acute coronary syndrome （ACS） occurred in 83 cases. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis revealed that in the younger group, recurrent ACS was significantly lower in patients with LDL-C 〈 70 mg/dL than in those with LDL-C ranging from 70 to 〈 100 mg/dL （P = 0.035）; however, there was no difference between these in the elderly group （P = 0.863）. Instead, recurrent ACS was less frequent in patients with LDL-C ranging from 70 mg/dL to 〈 100 mg/dL than in those with LDL-C ≥ 100 mg/dL in the elderly group （v = 0.033）. Statin use was associated with decreased recurrent ACS （P = 0.005）; moreover, only using statins was an independent predictor in the elderly group （HR： 0.375; P = 0.007）. Conclusions Strict control of LDL-C to 〈 70 mg/dL was effective for reducing the incidence of recurrent ACS in younger patients. However, LDL-C 〈 100 mg/dL might be sufficient as the target value of LDL-C-lowering therapy for secondary prevention of ischemic events in Japanese elderly patients.展开更多
Heavy metals pose a potential threat to aquatic organisms. In this study, a static-renewal acute toxicity test was conducted to investigate the effects of cadmium on the antioxidant defense systems （both enzymatic an...Heavy metals pose a potential threat to aquatic organisms. In this study, a static-renewal acute toxicity test was conducted to investigate the effects of cadmium on the antioxidant defense systems （both enzymatic and non-enzymatic） and lipid peroxidaton in liver and gill tissues of juvenile GIFT tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. After 8 days of exposure to Cd （0, 0.016, 0.08, 0.4 and 2 mg/L）, livers accumulated significantly more Cd than gills. Catalase （CAT）, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and glutathione S-transferase （GST） activities were stimulated only at the highest concentration tested （2 mg/L）. Glutathione peroxidase （GPx） activity was stimulated in the gill while inhibited in the liver, these alternations in gill and liver showed a strong relationship with Cd levels in these tissues. This may indicate either a tissue-specific response of GPx to Cd or, most probably, a hormetic effect of Cd on GPx. Cd increased GSH levels and decreased the ratio GSSG/GSH in fish livers at 2 mg/L. Cd exposure resulted in an elevated level of MDA in the livers of fish at 2 mg/L, indicating that Cd caused lipid peroxidation. Taken together, the results demonstrated that Cd altered the enzymatic and non-enzymatic defensive systems and caused lipid peroxidation in O. niloticus at relatively high concentrations （compared to environmentally relevant concentrations）. In addition, the results implied that O. niloticus could tolerate high level of Cd in sites polluted by Cd.展开更多
Objective To assess the effect of tetrandrine (Tet) pulmonary targeting microspheres on hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and evaluate its selective action on pulmonary circulation.Methods Twenty rats were exposed to h...Objective To assess the effect of tetrandrine (Tet) pulmonary targeting microspheres on hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and evaluate its selective action on pulmonary circulation.Methods Twenty rats were exposed to hypoxic conditions for 3 weeks. Ten rats were used as normoxic controls. We administered Tet pulmonary targeting microspheres to 10 hypoxic rats and Tet aqueous solution to 10 hypoxic rats and the 10 control rats. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) was measured by a right cardiac catheterization, and mean systemic blood pressure (mSBP) was measured by left femoral catheterization. Results Rats exposed to hypoxia developed pulmonary hypertension. The decrease in mPAP in rats treated with Tet pulmonary targeting microspheres was significantly greater than that in rats receiving Tet aqueous solution (P【0.05), and the effects were longer with Tet pulmonary targeting microspheres. Moreover, Tet pulmonary targeting microspheres, unlike Tet aqueous solution, did not decrease mSBP.Conclusion Tet pulmonary targeting microspheres were more effective than Tet aqueous solution in treating hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and acted selectively on the pulmonary circulation.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31100987)Project of Shandong University of Technology(4040-306018)Young Teacher Development Plan of Shandong University of Technology~~
文摘[Objective] We aimed to investigate the preventive and therapeutical effect of compound of traditional Chinese drugs （Japanese raisintree fruit, lobed kudzuvine flower bud and lightyel ow sophora root） on acute alcohol intoxication in mice. [Method] Acute alcohol intoxication was induced by administering alcohol to mice. Three different doses （low, middle and high） of compound of traditional Chinese drugs were administered to mice before and after administering alcohol respectively to investigate the preventive and therapeutical effect of drugs on acute alcohol intox-ication through doing statistical analysis about drunk mice and their sleeping time. The concentration of malondialdehyde （MDA）, reduced glutathione （GSH） and triglyc-erides （TG） in liver was also determined to investigate the protective effect of drugs on liver. [Result] The efficacy of compound of traditional Chinese drugs on acute al-cohol intoxication was dose-dependent. High-dose administration decreased the number of drunk mice significantly compared with control group; middle- and high-dose administration reduced the sleeping time of drunk mice and the concentration of MDA and TG in liver tissue; three doses al increased the concentration of GSH. [Conclusion] The compound of Japanese raisintree fruit, lobed kudzuvine flower bud and lightyel ow sophora root had preventive and therapeutical effect on hangover, and it also had certain preventive and therapeutical effect on liver damage caused by alcohol.
文摘Background Influenza vaccination has been clinically shown to reduce adverse cardiovascular outcomes in acute coronary syndrome （ACS） patients, but the economic perspectives can provide important data to make informed decisions. This study aimed to perform the economic evaluation of lifelong annual influenza vaccination for cardiovascular events and well-established pneumonia prevention. Methods Lifetime costs, life-expectancy, and quality-adjusted live years （QALYs） were estimated beyond one-year cycle length of a six-health states Markov model condition on whether a hospitalization for ACS, stroke, heart failure, pneumonia, no hospitalizations occurred, or death. The comparison of three age-groups of 40-49, 50-65, and 〉 65 years scenario was performed. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio （ICER） and net monetary benefit （NMB） were presented as a societal perspective in 2016. The model robustness was determined by one-way and prob- abilistic sensitivity analyses. Results The influenza vaccination was cost-effective in all age-groups, by dominant ICERs （lower cost with higher effectiveness） which was completely lower than acceptable willingness-to-pay threshold of Thailand [160,000 THB （4,466.8 USD） per QALYs], with a great incremental value of NMB. Especially, the 50-year-old-and- above scenario was shown as the most benefit at 129,092 THB （3,603.9 USD） for each patient. Conclusions The annually additional influenza vaccination to standard treatment in ACS was cost-effective in all age-groups, which should be considered in clinical practice and health-policy making process.
文摘Radiation colitis, an insidious, progressive disease of increasing frequency, develops 6 mo to 5 years after regional radiotherapy for malignancy, owing to the deleterious effects of the latter on the colon and the small intestine. When dealing with radiation colitis and its complications, the most conservative modality should be employed because the areas of intestinal injury do not tend to heal. Acute radiation colitis is mostly self-limited, and usually, only supportive management is required. Chronic radiation colitis, a poorly predictable progressive disease, is considered as a precancerous lesion; radiation-associated malignancy has a tendency to be diagnosed at an advanced stage and to bear a dismal prognosis. Therefore, management of chronic radiation colitis remains a major challenge owing to the progressive evolution of the disease, including development of fibrosis, endarteritis, edema, fragility, perforation, partial obstruction, and cancer. Patients are commonly managed conservatively. Surgical intervention is difficult to perform because of the extension of fibrosis and alterations in the gut and mesentery, and should be reserved for intestinal obstruction, perforation, fistulas, and severe bleeding. Owing to the difficulty in managing the complications of acute and chronic radiation colitis, particular attention should be focused onto the prevention strategies. Uncovering the fibrosis mechanisms and the molecular events underlying radiation bowel disease could lead to the introduction of new therapeutic and/or preventive approaches. A variety of novel, mostly experimental, agents have been used mainly as a prophylaxis, and improvements have been made in radiotherapy delivery, including techniques toreduce the amount of exposed intestine in the radiation field, as a critical strategy for prevention.
文摘Emerging infectious diseases are an important problem in medicine,and many continue to pose a global threat.However,the management of new and emerging infections is usually difficult due to a lack of knowledge and tools to address the problem.The use of Chinese medicine to manage new and emerging infectious diseases,however,has attracted significant attention.This brief article summarizes and discusses the use of Chinese medicine in the management of new and emerging infectious diseases.
文摘Approximately 15,000-17,000 thousand people die worldwide in traffic accidents as a consequence of all types of injuries. This study has a descriptive nature. It is based on data obtained from archives including the treatment database of the Emergency Center. The period January 2009 to December 2012 has been considered for this research. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of fatal road traffic accidents in Pristine, Kosovo, and describe their determinants. The number of injured in traffic accidents who have sought emergency medical assistance in the Emergency Center from January 2009 to December 2012 is increasing significantly. It is concluded that except reasons mentioned above and among others, there also are the following factors： enormous increase of number of persons equipped with driving license, driving speeds above limits which are considered to be the primary cause of the road traffic accidents. These findings can serve as a basis for health care professionals and policymakers to create preventive measures for traffic accidents.
文摘Acute pancreatitis is a common complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP).Pancreatic duct stent insertion after ERCP has been widely accepted as the standard of care for the prevention of this complication in high-risk patients.Unfortunately,the placement of pancreatic stents requires higher level of endoscopic expertise and is not always feasible due to anatomic considerations.Therefore,effective non-invasive pharmacologic prophylaxis remains appealing,particularly if it is inexpensive,easily administered,has a low risk side effect profile and is widely available.There have been multiple studies evaluating potential pharmacologic candidates for post-ERCP pancreatitis(PEP) prophylaxis,most of them yielding disappointing results.A recently published large,multicenter,randomized controlled trial reported that in high risk patients a single dose of rectal indomethacin administered immediately after the ERCP significantly decreased the incidence of PEP compare to placebo.
文摘This paper discusses the use of Underground Metro stations and tunnels as protective structures in case of nuclear emergencies. Six lines are taken as a case study to investigate the use of their underground stations and tunnels. The research explains the structural design of Underground Metro and the necessary needs for hidden people inside Underground Metro used as shelters. The research investigates the calculations of the number of hidden persons inside Underground Metro used as shelters. A field study has been conducted to an Underground Metro station to detemaine the peaceful use and the emergency use of all basements of the station. Also, the field study aims to determine the existing spaces and the needed spaces of the Underground Metro station to dual--used as a nuclear shelter. Three Underground Metro stations have been selected and a field study has been conducted to determine the usages of these basements, the planning, general and design features for each one of them, and whether they can be used as protective structures for citizens in emergencies. These basements were compared for their protective factors. Also, their capacities for sheltering were calculated.
文摘Alpine-cold regions are characterized as hypoxia,strong wind,heavy rain,cold climate,huge temperature difference between day and night,and vertical climate. All these make it difficult for an emergency rescue when a natural disaster such as earthquake happens. Based on the characteristics of emergency rescue in alpinecold region,several multifunctional protective equipments have been developed by the Quartermaster Equipment Institute of General Logistics Departmen(tGLD)of the Chinese People's Liberation Army(CPLA). These equipments are lightweight,durable and environment adaptable.
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 81072910
文摘AIM: To investigate the role of prophylactic antibiotics in the reduction of mortality of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) patients, which is highly questioned by more and more randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and metaanalyses. METHODS: An updated meta-analysis was performed. RCTs comparing prophylactic antibiotics for SAP with control or placebo were included for meta-analysis. The mortality outcomes were pooled for estimation, and re-pooled estimation was performed by the sensitivity analysis of an ideal large-scale RCT. RESULTS: Currently available 11 RCTs were included. Subgroup analysis showed that there was significant reduction of mortality rate in the period before 2000, while no significant reduction in the period from 2000 [Risk Ratio, (RR ) = 1.01, P = 0.98]. Funnel plot indi-cated that there might be apparent publication bias in the period before 2000. Sensitivity analysis showed that the RR of mortality rate ranged from 0.77 to 1.00 with a relatively narrow confidence interval (P < 0.05). However, the number needed to treat having a minor lower limit of the range (7-5096 patients) implied that certain SAP patients could still potentially prevent death by antibiotic prophylaxis. CONCLUSION: Current evidences do not support prophylactic antibiotics as a routine treatment for SAP, but the potentially benefited sub-population requires further investigations.
文摘Basketball has always been loved by the majority of high school students, especially after compulsory education improved school basketball venues and facilities to make basketball an unprecedented development, because basketball is a very physical confrontational sport, so the student damage occurring in the course of basketball movement is the more common case, which affects not only the physical development of middle school students, but also affects the popularity of basketball in this project. How to do active in basketball injury prevention, learning first aid knowledge after injury, will be beneficial in the school＇ s basketball further popularization and development.
文摘Objective To assess whether the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） target value and preventive effect of statins are different between elderly and younger patients. Methods We investigated 304 patients with previous percutaneous coronary intervention who underwent coronary angiography from January 2007 to December 2016 for examination of recurrent ischemia beyond the early restenosis. Patients were classified into two groups： age ≥ 75 years （elderly group： n = 140） and 〈 75 years （younger group： n = 164）. Relationships between the achieved LDL-C level, incidence of late coronary events, and the effectiveness of statins were evaluated. Results During follow-up, 179 patients underwent late coronary revascularization. Recurrent ischemia presenting as acute coronary syndrome （ACS） occurred in 83 cases. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis revealed that in the younger group, recurrent ACS was significantly lower in patients with LDL-C 〈 70 mg/dL than in those with LDL-C ranging from 70 to 〈 100 mg/dL （P = 0.035）; however, there was no difference between these in the elderly group （P = 0.863）. Instead, recurrent ACS was less frequent in patients with LDL-C ranging from 70 mg/dL to 〈 100 mg/dL than in those with LDL-C ≥ 100 mg/dL in the elderly group （v = 0.033）. Statin use was associated with decreased recurrent ACS （P = 0.005）; moreover, only using statins was an independent predictor in the elderly group （HR： 0.375; P = 0.007）. Conclusions Strict control of LDL-C to 〈 70 mg/dL was effective for reducing the incidence of recurrent ACS in younger patients. However, LDL-C 〈 100 mg/dL might be sufficient as the target value of LDL-C-lowering therapy for secondary prevention of ischemic events in Japanese elderly patients.
文摘Heavy metals pose a potential threat to aquatic organisms. In this study, a static-renewal acute toxicity test was conducted to investigate the effects of cadmium on the antioxidant defense systems （both enzymatic and non-enzymatic） and lipid peroxidaton in liver and gill tissues of juvenile GIFT tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. After 8 days of exposure to Cd （0, 0.016, 0.08, 0.4 and 2 mg/L）, livers accumulated significantly more Cd than gills. Catalase （CAT）, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and glutathione S-transferase （GST） activities were stimulated only at the highest concentration tested （2 mg/L）. Glutathione peroxidase （GPx） activity was stimulated in the gill while inhibited in the liver, these alternations in gill and liver showed a strong relationship with Cd levels in these tissues. This may indicate either a tissue-specific response of GPx to Cd or, most probably, a hormetic effect of Cd on GPx. Cd increased GSH levels and decreased the ratio GSSG/GSH in fish livers at 2 mg/L. Cd exposure resulted in an elevated level of MDA in the livers of fish at 2 mg/L, indicating that Cd caused lipid peroxidation. Taken together, the results demonstrated that Cd altered the enzymatic and non-enzymatic defensive systems and caused lipid peroxidation in O. niloticus at relatively high concentrations （compared to environmentally relevant concentrations）. In addition, the results implied that O. niloticus could tolerate high level of Cd in sites polluted by Cd.
文摘Objective To assess the effect of tetrandrine (Tet) pulmonary targeting microspheres on hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and evaluate its selective action on pulmonary circulation.Methods Twenty rats were exposed to hypoxic conditions for 3 weeks. Ten rats were used as normoxic controls. We administered Tet pulmonary targeting microspheres to 10 hypoxic rats and Tet aqueous solution to 10 hypoxic rats and the 10 control rats. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) was measured by a right cardiac catheterization, and mean systemic blood pressure (mSBP) was measured by left femoral catheterization. Results Rats exposed to hypoxia developed pulmonary hypertension. The decrease in mPAP in rats treated with Tet pulmonary targeting microspheres was significantly greater than that in rats receiving Tet aqueous solution (P【0.05), and the effects were longer with Tet pulmonary targeting microspheres. Moreover, Tet pulmonary targeting microspheres, unlike Tet aqueous solution, did not decrease mSBP.Conclusion Tet pulmonary targeting microspheres were more effective than Tet aqueous solution in treating hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and acted selectively on the pulmonary circulation.
