中国的民间借贷该何去何从

我国民间借贷历史悠久，近年来随着国家利率的调整，民间借贷市场异常火爆，呈现不断扩张、用途多样化的特点，对金融市场影响日渐加深，已引起社会的广泛关注和高度重视。债务危机再次暴露了现行金融体制和相关法律法规不健全的弊端，这充分说明了改革的必要性和紧迫性。引导民间资本规范从事资金借贷活动，鼓励民间借贷规范化、阳光化运作，发展多层次信贷市场，满足社会多元化融资需求。

Solution chemistry back‐contact FTO/hematite interface engineering for efficient photocatalytic water oxidation

This work describes a simple yet powerful scalable solution chemistry strategy to create back‐contact rich interfaces between substrates such as commercial transparent conducting fluorine‐doped tin oxide coated glass(FTO)and photoactive thin films such as hematite for low‐cost water oxidation reaction.High‐resolution electron microscopy(SEM,TEM,STEM),atomic force microscopy(AFM),elemental chemical mapping(EELS,EDS)and photoelectrochemical(PEC)investigations reveal that the mechanical stress,lattice mismatch,electron energy barrier,and voids between FTO and hematite at the back‐contact interface as well as short‐circuit and detrimental reaction between FTO and the electrolyte can be alleviated by engineering the chemical composition of the precursor solutions,thus increasing the overall efficiency of these low‐cost photoanodes for water oxidation reaction for a clean and sustainable generation of hydrogen from PEC water‐splitting.These findings are of significant importance to improve the charge collection efficiency by minimizing electron‐hole recombination observed at back‐contact interfaces and grain boundaries in mesoporous electrodes,thus improving the overall efficiency and scalability of low‐cost PEC water splitting devices.